XI. ECSBS – Rome – September 1-4, 2016 - Abstract Book

XI. European Conference on
Social and Behavioral Sciences
September 1-4, 2016
Rome, Italy
ABSTRACT BOOK
International Association of Social Science Research
University of Sapienza in Rome
IASSR © 2016

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XI. European Conference on Social and Behavioral Sciences
September 1-4, 2016 Rome, Italy
Abstract No: 6005
TIME MANAGEMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH “KAIZEN”
Senem Demirkiran, Tuna Sener , Esin Omer
Department of Marketing and Foreign Trade, Trakya University, Ipsala Vocational School, Edirne,
Turkey
Kaizen that applies the philosophy “Welcome problems!” contains 2 -5 days of process and aims to
reduce all kinds of costs with a speedy development. Kaizen remarks the importance of time efficiency
in order to increase the customer satisfaction and competitive power. All the personnel in an institution
is responsible of Kaizen, that includes continous improvements about the process. Kaizen consists of
planning, implementation, sustainability and enlargement sections and improvement process starts
from the purchase of raw materials till the product arrives to the customer. In Kaizen, customer
satisfaction and customer loyalty are very important issues, because it is cheaper to get customer loyalt
than getting new customers. Thus, in Kaizen, quality assurance, minimizing costs and time
management come into prominence.
The first two provisions of Kaizen are “Team starts and finishes a day always together and it is
important to be always in time” and these two statements reveal the importance and indispensability of
time management that aims people to use their time most efficiently. In this study, the importance of
the time management concept in Kaizen philosophy is examined and it is tried to analyse the effects of
time management to the quality assurance and reducing costs. Waste of time is a waste of resources,
and this is not acceptable in professional business life.
Keywords: Kaizen, time management, customer loyalty

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Abstract No: 6007
Discrepancies of Persian Greek and Latin Origin Words’ Spelling in Old Anatolian
Turkish Medical Texts
Anıl ÇELİK
Instructor
Department of Literature, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
Writers of Old Anatolian Medical Texts didn’t regard to use especially Turkish terms when they create
their works but also they didn’t prefer the terms which belong to foreign languages completely. They
sometimes used the same words with their Turkish forms as well as Arabic, Persian, Greek and Latin
forms. Moreover, they sometimes used the foreign terms and right after they wrote the Turkish version
of this words. They generally preferred the original spellings of foreign terms but they used different
types of spellings especially in Persian, Greek and Latin originated words. That is to say, they didn’t
revealed systematic usages about spelling of this type of words. In this article, we will mention the
possible reasons of this spelling discrepancies and examine the proper examples which are belong to
most important Old Anatolian Medical Texts comparatively.
Keywords: Old Anatolian Turkish, Medical Texts, Spelling.

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Abstract No: 6008
The role of Social Media and Virtual Communities on Identity Construction
Ugur Gunduz
Associate Professor
Istanbul Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Gazetecilik Bolumu Beyazit Istanbul
It is a fact that the social networks have increasingly become the arena of our lives and involve
different aspects of our social presence from day to day. So, it requires people to play some social
roles. The Social Network is gaining more and more importance in today’s world and has a deeper
impact on the society as to the traditional media. Social media enables identity expression,
exploration, and experimentation; something natural for the human experience.
Social and group interactions in online and virtual communities develop and evolve from expressions
of human agency. The exploration of the emergence of agency in social situations has a crucial
importance to understand the psychology of agency and group interactions in social media.
Social media and online communities offer increased possibilities for connection, interaction and
participation but also new media with tools for self-presentation and identity management. Interacting
anonymously or eponymously, having one, none or many identities online expresses richness in online
communication.
This study explores practical aspects of identity construciton, relating to issues virtual communities
and social media. The study discusses elements that may encourage the construction of digital identity
and how the process, which the study refer to as spiral of transformation, reaches beyond the virtual
environment. This study also aims at concentrating on the virtual communities appearing in the social
networks while questioning their social and cultural qualities and values.
Keywords: Social media, virtual community, identity, construction, social networking.

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Abstract No: 6009
The concept of virtual nationalism in the age of information: A view to the perspective
of Turkey
Ugur Gunduz, Burcu Kaya Erdem
Associate Professor, Associate Professor
Istanbul Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Gazetecilik Bolumu Beyazit Istanbul
The widespread use of computer-based technologies, such as the Internet and the Web, constitutes a
new dimension in the study of virtual nationalism. The use of distance- and time-shrinking
information technologies, such as social media, virtual communities, and the web sites by nationalist
groups have attracted the structure of the context and discourse of nationalism in the age of
information.
Technological tools play a central role in the organization of society and in the shaping of the
opportunities and constraints, meanings and ways of life. People and groups adapt technology to their
needs and interests, producing transformations in the organization of social life and profoundly
changing the structures of current society. Apart from the basic ideologies and pressure groups the
inetrnet and social media has more a civil, conscious, confident perspective when compared to the
traditional ways of communication.
Networks are the pattern of social life and of dominant functions and processes in the rise of the
network society . Although the relationship between the concept of nationalism and information is
closely tied, the conditions under which networks of information and communication function in
nationalists’ contexts are new.
In this study the nationalist discourse in virtual communities and social media mainly in opposition
and resistance parts in the cultural and social context will be discussed. While analysing some
nationalists’ social media sharings based on hypothesis, inductive method will be used along with
literature review. The study also concentrates on the impact analysis to figure out the negative
consequences of these sharings on focus virtual groups and general users.
Keywords: Virtual nationalism, age of information, social media, virtual community, communication.

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Abstract No: 6010
ACADEMICIAN MOTHERS’ CONSTRUCTION OF SUBJECTIVITY IN BETWEEN
THE CLAMP OF ACADEMIC PRODUCTION AND BIOLOGICAL
REPRODUCTION
Gulhan Demiriz, Tugce Zeynep Abali
Adnan Menderes University, Department of Sociology, Aydin, Turkey
Motherhood is thought as an area that everything is known about since it is characterised as the result
of women’s “natural”, “instinctual” desire; is seen as the constituent element of their subjectivities;
and, since it has ascribes a kind of holiness because a decent society is thought to be the product of the
mothers. In fact, mostly in sociological terms it is a much unknown area. Because, common-known
knowledge is the product of the patriarchal discourse and the understanding of the motherhood.
Gender-based assumptions and postulates shape this look towards motherhood while they also shape
women’s experiences and their way of looking towards maternity. Therefore, it is crucial to question
the background dynamics of individual narratives related to “womanhood”, “motherhood” and
“practices of ideal motherhood” in order to examine working women’s experiences of the construction
of subjectivity (in terms of tensions, dilemmas, alienation, strategies of adjustment to or open a fault
line in patriarchal system).
Within this framework, the main aim of this research is to examine the background dynamics of
academician mothers’ construction of subjectivity by looking at their narratives of their journeys of
motherhood together with academicianship. In the construction of subjectivity as women, academician
mothers are a group who in a sense force the possibility of reconciliation of motherhood
responsibilities with professional goals and with womanhood. In this respect, academician mothers
establish a field that gives us an opportunity to discover the junction points of main research questions.
In-depth interviews were carried out in order to reveal above mentioned background dynamics by
looking at the experiences of academician mothers’ construction of subjectivity as “women”, as
“mothers” and as “academicians”.
Keywords: Academician Mothers, Construction of Subjectivity, Women’s Subjectivity, Motherhood

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Abstract No: 6011
The Features of he Reverse-bildungsroman in The Fight Club
Figun Dinçer, Burcu Kaya Erdem
English Language Teaching Department, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
Chuck Palahniuk is an American novelist, who describes his work as transgressional fiction. He is the
author of the award-winning novel Fight Club, which also was made into an film of the same name.
He can be listed in “underground literature” in Turkey as well. Most of his books are translated all
over the world in different languages. The common themes of his works are observed to be social
satire with afflicted characters most of whom are drug users, addicted, outcast, alienated or revolt
against social order. His other novels Lullaby, Diary, Haunted and Rant have similar characters who
search for identity and freedom through violence. Most of his works also share features of “reverse
bildungsroman” in common along with this search. I suggest a close reading this transgressional
fiction through existentialism for a better understanding his works. Thus, this study aims to examine
some feauters of the reverse bildungsroman in The Fight Club through existentialist thought.
Keywords: Bildungsroman, reverse bildungsroman, existentialism, fight club

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Abstract No: 6015
HUMAN CAPITAL CHALLENGES FACING THE BANKING SYSTEM IN KOSOVO
Luan VARDARI, Nazli TYFEKQIU
Faculty of Economics, University of Prizren, Prizren, Kosova
Kosovo's economy in recent years has faced numerous problems. Change the system, from the
totalitarian and centralized to a market economy was accompanied by events that had significant
impact on the economy of Kosovo. Lack of experience with regard to free market economy made it
more difficult to change the system. One of the sectors, which suffered during this transition period
was a radical change banking system. Exactly these problems and challenges faced and is facing the
banking system, will be the subject of this paper. It will also analyze the policies pursued by the
banking system to see if they were suitable or not, in order to improve their future.
An important part of this paper will be devoted to human capital, which is one of the main factors
affecting the development of the banking system or not. It will examine how motivation affects the
performance of human capital in the banking system. Who will look at factors that affect employee
motivation and satisfaction. Part of the paper will be a model econometric analysis about the
motivation of human capital in the banking system. This model is based on the survey conducted in
some of the most important banks in the banking system in Kosovo.
The methodology used in this paper is a combination of theoretical analysis, the analysis of the real
situation, as well as treatment of an econometric model, so that the conclusions drawn and
recommendations are more accurate.
Keywords: Banking System, Human Capital, Motivation, Performance, Kosovo

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Abstract No: 6021
An Analysis on the Credit Card Using Habits of Banking Students
Fatma Lorcu, Sevil Demiralay
Trakya University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, Edirne
In the banking sector which has been experiencing a radical and fast process of change in recent years,
the focus has been concentrated on private marketing, and a fierce competition occurred at credit card
marketing. The competition in the credit card sector has led to an expansion of target consumer group
and students have become one of the key actors within this market. In particular undergraduates who
study banking have great importance for being both target consumers and target employers in the
credit card sector at the same time. Surveying the credit card attitudes of banking students who belong
to a young age group and follow the products and practices in the banking sector would also provide
opportunity to determine the requirements on topics like product planning, marketing, and employee
training.
In this study, the credit card using habits of banking students of the School of Applied Sciences at
Trakya University, and the factors and demographical characteristics playing a role on their habits
have been researched with the help of various parametric and non-parametric tests applied on data
collected by the survey method. Due to survey results, it’s been determined that the factors like
gender, number of possessed cards, monthly expenses and payments by credit cards and have an
impact on the credit card attitudes of the students , besides, the number of possessed credit cards is
directly proportionate to both emotional attitude and confidence in credit card usage.
Keywords: Student credit cards, attitudes towards credit card, card payment systems

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Abstract No: 6023
The Potentialities of Research in Translation Studies as İnterdisciplinary
Mine Yazici
Professor
Department of Translation Studies, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
Interdisciplinary research provides several opportunities for scientific research especially in the fields
of newly acknowledged disciplines emerging from interdisciplinary relations. Translation studies as
one of the disciplines arising from the complex relatitions can prove not only the potentialities of
interdisciplinary research in the field of social sciences, but also the way interdisciplinary research
contribute to the autonomy of discipline. Furthermore, as a newly emerging discipline it is open to
multidisiciplinary . This paper will define and discuss the origins, objects or subjects of study,
methods, limitations and philosophical stances of research in terms of social sciences so as to
introduce this field of study and its potentialities in research to other old established disciplines .
Within this framework, I will first discuss the dual nature of Translation Studies as a field of study
open both to conceptual and empirical research and discuss why it lay behind other disciplines in spite
of long ages of translation activity held since Antic Age. Next, I will explain the descriptive, cognitive,
causal and applied methods of research conducted in the field of Translation Studies so as to
rationalize why translation studies be considered as a subfield of social sciences as opposed the old
established concept that it is a subfield of humanities. Lastly, I will focus on the nature of relations
Translation studies can develop with other disciplines for prospective ends and the barriers to
overcome limitations in research in the field of social sciences to open up gateways for research
projects.
Keywords: Translation Studies, research methods, interdisciplinary relations.

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Abstract No: 6025
Analysing of Verdoorn's Law in Turkish Manufacturing Sector by ARDL Bounds Test
Sanli ATES
Associate Professor
Çukurova University, Dept of Economics, Adana, TURKEY
This study investigates the validity of verdoorn hypothesis in Turkish manufacturing for the period
1963-2013 by using ARDL bounds test. Verdoorn foresees that there is a linear relationship that has
0.45 regression coefficient between growth rate of output and growth rate of per capita output in the
long-run. The study finds that Verdoorn’s hypothesis is valid for some of Turkish manufacturing
industry. In addition, if we decompose the components of long-run productivity growth, total factor
productivity and investment growth are the main sources of long-run productivity growth, but scale
effects other than transportation vehicles industry is the secondary and weak source.
Keywords: Verdoorn’s Hypothesis, Turkish Manufacturing Industry, ARDL Bounds Test

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Abstract No: 6026
THE CONCEPTS OF BODY AND SOUL IN JOHN DONNE'S VALEDICTION
Ufuk Ozen Baykent
Instructor Dr.
Foreign Languages Teaching Department Faculty Of Education, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
The present study examines one of the major problems in metaphysics, namely the distinction between
the body and the soul. The distinction is discussed in relation with the metaphysical poetry in
Renaissance Literature in England. Particularly, the study investigates John Donne's "A Valediction:
Forbidding Mourning" in terms of references to the metaphysical problem of the body and soul
distinction. The poem reflects the Platonic Dualism which is relevant to Platonic Love. Firstly,
metaphysical poetry of 17th century English Literature is reviewed. The study specifically focuses on
John Donne as a metaphysical poet. Then, the metaphysical concepts of body and soul in the history of
philosophy until Donne's time are discussed. In this section, the emphasis is on the arguments by
Plato. Finally, John Donne's "Valediction: Forbidding Mourning" is analysed in terms of conceits and
paradoxes. The links among the metaphysical problems of body-soul, Platonic Dualism, Platonic Love
and Donne's Valediction are established. It is concluded that Plato’s distinction between the body and
the soul, and its connection to the idea of Platonic Love can be observed in Donne's Valediction.
Keywords: Body-soul distinction, Platonic Dualism, Platonic Love, metaphysical poetry, John Donne

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Abstract No: 6027
Comparision a Calligraphic Tile Panel From The Tomb of Eyüp Sultan With Similars
Timur Bilir
Instructor Dr.
Department of Traditional Turkish Arts,University of Mimar Sinan,Istanbul,Turkey
İn this paper, a calligraphic tile panel which has a medallion form from the tomb of Eyüp Sultan will
compare with similar period examples as size, meaning and ornament. The panel assembled and
located on the tombs wall during the restoration.
XVI. century was tile art’s peak period. İn this period, geometric ornaments widely used by Seljuk’s
changed with plant ornaments. Floral ornaments used with rumi and clouds. Legendary and realistic
animal ornaments, symbolic motifs and chain ornaments are located in tile art design repertoire. And
also perfect examples of calligraphy took place on tiles. Our ancestors who want to imprinting into
Qur'an language every corner of life has bequathed to us the most beautiful examples of calligraphy art
just as stone works, wall paintings, ornamented plaster windows. The type of calligraphy was Qufi on
Seljuk tiles because of the technical regulations. This tradition carried on principalities period. Thuluth
calligraphy which has been reached it's ideal form preferred at The Ottoman Period. Our first example
is located in the tile arrangement of Süleymaniye Mosque's mihrab wall. These panels placed as
symmetrically, starting with Bismillah Al-Fatiha is written.Second one is from the mihrab tiles of the
Kadırga Sokollu Mosque. These panels located as the same position like Süleymaniye tiles and both
written on Al-Ikhlas. The other example is located on the mihrab of Kılıç Ali Paşa Mosque. It's written
on this tile panel ""Ya Hannan ,Ya Mennan"". Last one is in the Beylerbeyi Mosque mihrab tiles. It’s
written on this panel Al-Ikhlas and it has similarities with Kadırga Sokollu Mosque tiles.
As a consequence, Eyüp panel is different from others as it has a Persian inscription. Therefore, it
must be made for the palace. Compared with others, this panel similar as it has a medallion form, but
it's different from the others as size and meaning.
Keywords: Tile, Calligraphy, Mosque, Mihrab

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Abstract No: 6035
AN EMPIRE DISCOURSE: USÛL-İ Mİ’MÂRÎ-İ OSMANÎ
Serap Durmus, Nilgun Kuloglu
Assistant Professor
Department of Architecture, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
The aim of this study is to discuss the impact of textual representation in the establishment of the
relationship between the Ottoman Empire and Europe. The study investigates the effective role the
book titled Usûl-i Mi’mârî-i Osmanî (Ottoman Architectural Style) compiled in 1873 for World
Exposition Vienna played in the establishment of an architectural theory, and focuses on the
representation of Ottoman in Europe within the framework of Ottoman modernization in the 19th
Century.
The 19th Century is often considered a period where modernization, westernization, language,
representation, culture and so on were discussed as problems to be analyzed. In this context, Usûl-i
Mi’mârî-i Osmanî deserves attention in debates on contemporary architectural texts, as it is one of the
first discourse texts developed with reference to identity, and attempts to establish a link between
cultural identity and architecture. The problems mentioned in the text, and its claims to establish the
forms of architectural thought make it a literal and historical case providing substantial clues regarding
the development of the architectural writing tradition.
Usûl-i Mi’mârî-i Osmanî was prepared by a team headed by İbrahim Edhem Pasha, including Bogos
Şaşıyan, E. Maillard, Marie De Launay, and Pierre Montani Efendi acting as the exposition committee
tasked with preparations for the World Exposition 1873 Vienna (Launay et al. 1873). As the first
scientific and theoretical text produced by Ottomans, on Ottoman architecture Usûl-i Mi’mârî-i
Osmanî occupies an unrivalled place in architecture and history literature (Ersoy, 2015; Morkoç,
2010). Revealing the fact that architecture can be reflected not only through buildings, as it did
throughout its history, but also through texts, the manuscript was written in three languages –Ottoman,
French, and German.

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The plurality of voices in Usûl-i Mi’mârî-i Osmanî offers its readers a multitude of distinct
perspectives as it presents an empire discourse in Europe. The distinction in question is a function of
the efforts to revisit and re-interpret architectural writing through an interdisciplinary perspective. In
this context, the novel perspective introduced by the study is also about the efforts to make inroads
into the textual realm of the Ottoman through rhetoric, which is effectively the art of ""influential
discourse"" and ""persuasion"". In a nutshell, Usûl-i Mi’mârî-i Osmanî presents a breaking point in the
architectural discourse in its evolution from a personal empire perspective to a bureaucratic empire
vision.
Keywords: Architecture, Textual Representation, Theory and Discourse, Usûl-i Mi’mârî-i Osmanî

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Abstract No: 6036
DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
OF STUDENTS THROUGH LOGIT MODEL
EBRU ONURLUBAŞ
Assistant Professor
TRAKYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KEŞAN YUSUF ÇAPRAZ UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER
YÜKSEKOKULU, ULUSLARARASI TİC. KEŞAN/EDİRNE
Alcohol consumption has recently become widespread among students. Students particularly influence
each other while consuming alcohol. In this study, the alcohol consumption of university students and
the factors that affect alcohol consumption are going to be examined. Within this scope,
Questionnaires are going to be conducted to 300 students in Keşan Yusuf Çapraz School of Applied
Sciences in Trakya University. Logit analysis are going to be applied to the data of the survey. The
factors that affect the alcohol consumption of the students are going to be determined after the logit
analysis.
Keywords: Alcohol consumption, student, logit analysis, Edirne

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Abstract No: 6044
An Interesting questionnaire of Turkish Press (Yeni Sabah): “Is it True for Turks to
Marry with Foreigners?”
Gulsah Kurt Guveloglu
Assistant Professor
Department of History, University of Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Rize, Turkey
The Soviet demands on the Straits in the Second World War, the Turkish-Soviet relations were colder
and Turkey has been approached the West. It’s seen that, one-party rule in Turkey, has applications
simultaneously with the fascist regimes in Europe (such as Germany and Italy) but is unique and
different. In particular, the 1940s were a period that Turkey's moderate approach to rising nationalist
movements in Europe. This period will be a period also be felt intensly the pressure of the big states
on Turkey. Many of the external developments of the period are reflected in domestic policy. These
reflections, shows itself not only in political life also in other areas especially on the press. Press,
undertakes tasks such as routing people and strengthen the legitimacy of the ruling besides provides
the freedom of information. In this respect, It’s concerned that the news and comments in the press,
directs large masses, effects people and creates perception. Located in a “questionnaire” of one of the
leading newspapers in the Turkish press, “Yeni Sabah”, in this study will be discussed. This
questionnaire was applied to some of the Turkish intellectuals and the results were published in the
newspaper. This questionnaire, probably shaped by under the nationalist tendencies, is an interesting
survey showing us the Turkish intellectuals’ "Foreignness" and "Turkishness" perceptions.
Keywords: Yeni Sabah, Turkish Press, Foreignness, Turkishness

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Abstract No: 6045
COMMON GROUND OF ADVERTISING SLOGANS
Gamze YILDIZ ERDURAN
Instructor Dr.
Trakya Üniversitesi İpsala MYO
In order to market he brand more memorable, celebrities or popular people take part in the
advertisements, music, visuals or slogans are used. Furthermore, form time to time bad advertising is
preferred on purpose in order to be catchier. It is still a matter of debate whether there is good
advertising or bad advertising. Yet, to strengthen the brand’s position, differentiate the brand from
competitors and clarify consumer’s perception of brand; a brand needs a good advertising slogan.
After some time, advertising slogans become the equivalent of the brand in consumer’s mind. For
example, “Connecting people” slogan associates with the brand Nokia, although the brand has lost its
sales force today, slogan still keeps the brand in minds.
In this study, advertising slogans of global and Turkish brands are analyzed using text mining. Hidden
but meaningful relations of data set are tried to revealed. Common and different characteristics of
slogans are studied. Global and Turkish brands’ slogans are analyzed using association rules, common
words and their effects on culture are emphasized.
Keywords: Advertising slogans, Brand, Culture, Text mining, Association rules

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Abstract No: 6033
The Determinants of Household Entertainment and Culture Expenditures in Turkey
Seda Şengül, Haydar Şengül
Professor
Çukurova University, Faculty f Administrative Science and Economics, Department of Econometrics
01330 Balcalı-Adana, Turkey
Changes in social and cultural aspects of life along with economic development makesthe analysis
ofentertainment and cultural expendituresextremely important from the economic point of view.
Establishing the link between the change in household entertainment and cultural expenditures would
make it possible for policy makers to understand the relationship between the social and economic
structure and entertainment culture. In addition, the evaluation of the entertainment and cultural
consumption patterns contribute to the formulation of cultural policies. Although there are numerous
studies on household expenditure in Turkey, there are only a few studies dealing with the household
entertainment and culture expenditures. The share of household entertainment and cultural
expenditures in total household expenditure is 3.1% in Turkey and 3.3% in urban area of Turkey in
2014 respectively. Data used in this study extracted from household budget surveys carried out in
2009. A distinctive characteristic of cross section survey studies is that they involve a number of zero
responses regarding consumption of a particular commodity. While applying ordinary least square
method with a data set involving zero responses in great deal results in biased parameter estimates,
excludingzero responses from sample leads to less efficient estimations (Amemiya, 1985). In this case,
empirical studies must be performed by using models with discreet dependent variable taking censored
nature of the sample into consideration. For this reason, in this study determinants of entertainment
and culture expenditures of the Turkish households are estimated employing Tobit model.
Keywords: Entertainment expenditure, cultural expenditure, household, Tobit model, Turkey

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Abstract No: 6049
THE PUBLIC SAVINGS' RELATION WITH BORROWING REQUIREMENT AND
FINANCIAL BALANCES AFTER GLOBAL CRISIS IN TURKEY
Ahmet Niyazi OZKER
Associate Professor
Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Public Finance Department, Faculty of Economic and Business
Administration, 10200 TURKEY
In this study, we aim to determine what public savings’ structural location in the analysis of effect
levels that are related to public borrowing requirement to cope with the deviation of financial balances
are, especially after 2009 global crisis in Turkey. Public savings as a financial option take up an
important place in the scope of expressed government budget balances related to public borrowing
requirements which are been increasingly location together with budget deficits. This fact especially is
pertaining to investments and capital's transfers that are subject in the public decision making process
towards economic growth in the future in developing countries like Turkey. Therefore, to increase
public savings’ limits appear on these countries as an inevitable financial phenomenon concerning that
have not sufficiently enough current investment savings to carry out towards the desired investments.
Turkey, as a developing country, has faced in two financial phenomenon that increase borrowing
requirement terms that lead to intend financial balances that have generally deviated after 2009
financial crisis. Firstly, it’s increasing foreign debt burden and the public savings' levels that have not
been enough to cover all the proportion of foreign debt payments since 2009. Secondly, the effect
level of global crisis on the exchange rates that directly causes the deviation of national currency
values as a meaningful important negative impact on budget balances that are aimed at together with
the macroeconomic financial balances.
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Foreign Debt Burden; National Investments; Public Borrowing
Requirement; Public Savings.

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Abstract No: 6053
Relationship Between ICT Channels and Unemployment
Cemil Serhat AKIN, Cengiz AYTUN
Mustafa Kemal University I.I.B.F. Antakya/HATAY/TURKEY
The increase of ICT channels sustained that there exist more efficient employer and employee match
up, and it facilitated the emission of knowledge which was firstly thought that would decrease the rate
of unemployment. Because of this reason, the aim of this study is to question the causality between
ICT channels and unemployment via panel data analysis method. According to the data which was
taken from 41 countries within the period of years 1980-2012, an analysis was performed and it was
found that there exists a causality relation between unemployment and ICT. When the results of
analysis was evaluated together, a causality relation from unemployment towards ICT was observed.
The results belonging to the countries were evaluated individually, and a causality relation from ICT
towards unemployment was determined in China, Finland, France and Israel. This relation is bilateral
within the countries as Greece, Italy and Korea. The causality case for Australia, Chili, Panama and
Uruguay was seen from unemployment towards ICT. The changing of this causality relation can be
derived from the differentiation in the income level.
Thanks to the ICT channels, the sustained knowledge exchange will increase the effective match
between employer and employees. Transaction costs would be decreased, and the obtained saving
could be transferred into the production, thus the unemployment would decline. Moreover, the easing
condition of accessing the knowledge via ICT channels will increase the qualifications of labor force.
The ICT investments can be used as policy tool in challenging with unemployment.
Keywords: Unemployment, ICT, Causality

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Abstract No: 6055
ISTANBUL AND STAMBOULIOTENESS IN THE NOVEL 'HUZUR' BY AHMET
HAMDİ TANPINAR
Hilal Demir
Instructor
Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Turkey
Istanbul is the most interested city in Turkish literature since 15th century. There are a lots of novels,
short stories, essays and poems about Istanbul. Istanbul, with its historic fabric, eclectic structure and
as being of bridge between east and west has been remarkable for not only native artists but also
foreign artists.
Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’s novels, short stories and essays are filled with views of Istanbul. Istanbul
and Istanbuliteship are significant subject in his novel Huzur. Istanbul is not only a decor but also a
protagonist as a cradle of civilization in the novel. Tanpınar presents Istanbul with his love that lived
in, history, bazaars, booksellers, mosques and various structres and the Bosphorus to the reader’s
mind. There is a nostalgic Istanbul in Huzur.
Huzur is a novel that Tanpınar’s deals with the process of Turkish westernization in which is started at
the end of 18th century. So selecting of Istanbul in his novel is suitable for the subject. For Tanpınar
Istanbul is not an ordinary city but style of civilization and culture. The writer also establishes a bond
the effect of the environment on personality. With this aspects Huzur is one of the most succesful
novel in Turkish literature that narrates Istanbul.
In this work I try to go around how Tanpınar handles Istanbul with its conflict of east and west,
civilization, social-cultural aspect, culture and art.
Keywords: Huzur, Istanbul, Turkish novel, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar

22
Abstract No: 6057
CORPORATE WISDOM AND REPORTING BASED ON INFORMAL
KNOWLEDGE*
Metehan Ortakarpuz, Ali Alagöz
Akoren Ali Riza Ercan VHS Selcuk University Akoren/KONYA
Traditional knowledge management is inadequate to meet the needs of competitive and sustainable
growth targeted companies. Therefore, knowledge management must be adapted to today's conditions.
The production and use of information to benefit from experiences, intelligence and judgments, to
provide corporate culture and democracy, to increase the use of information systems and technology
and related criteria will improve the knowledge management to the optimal benefit level. This level
desirable for information management merely will be possible with the corporate wisdom which can
be obtain by integrating wisdom virtue, just thought is unique to human, to the corporate structure.
Corporate wisdom developed in this direction and has taken its place in literatüre, is a new concept.
The effective reports for business needs in accordance with changing conditions only to changing
conditions can only be created with the information produced as formal and informal thanks to the
understanding of corporate wisdom.
In this study was redrawn integrated framework of knowledge management considering the
components of the corporate wisdom of understanding. It is intended to generate reports based on
informal knowledge by information systems with this new structure. In order to measure requirements
at practice of the topics covered in theory, a survey has been applied to the businesses whose already
have corporate knowledge management. In the research, institutional wisdom infrastructure of
businesses participated in the survey and their usage levels of reporting based on informal knowledge
have been identified.
*The scope of study as parallel to the subject has been benefited from the Metehan Ortakarpuz's
doctoral thesis conducted in consultation with Ali Alagöz.
Keywords: Keywords: Knowledge Management, Corporate Wisdom, Informal Knowledge and
Reporting

23
Abstract No: 6060
Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Provide Competitive Advantage in Agricultural
Machinery Sector
Mehmet Burak CERAN, Baki Yilmaz
PhD Student
Akoren MYO, Selcuk University
Technological developments, the disappearance of borders between countries as a result of
international trade agreements, and the global market strategy of businesses that results in global
competition require businesses to operate in a highly competitive environment. Constantly shifting
conditions of competition in today's economy, businesses are compelled to sustain a competitive
advantage over their competitors beyond surviving under harsh conditions of competition.
Determination of correct costing method provides the businesses with getting rid of unnecessary costs
and increasing profitability to succeed in international competition. The high speed of technological
advances accelerates the transition from labor-intensive production to technology-intensive
production. In the course of this transition, the traditional costing methods prove unable to give
accurate results. As a result, modern costing methods have been developed. One of these modern
costing methods which is time-driven activity-based costing will be discussed in this study. Also its
application in agricultural machinery sector will be assessed with a survey.
Keywords: Competitive Advantage, Time Driven Activity Based Costing, Agricultural Machinery
Sector

24
Abstract No: 6063
The Share of Defense Expenditures in National Economies within the Context of Arms
Race
Hulusi Ekber KAYA
Instructor
Trakya University Kesan Yusuf Capraz School of Applied Disciplines
The budget allocated to the defense expenditures in many countries seems to be at the top most of the
time. The defense expenditures are quite high especially in countries which are close to the battle
fields geographically where the tension has been high from past to present or in the ones who wants to
play an active role in those areas. The Middle East is an obvious example for this topic. Defense
services are essential for a country. Countries spend their resources both for foreign and domestic
safety while developing technologies for this purpose. They either produce the technology themselves
or import it, which results in arms race in the international arena. While the countries with greater
economies carry on the race, the countries with shaky and fragile economies are dragged into
economic crises. The victory of the USA over the USSR in the Cold War or the current crisis that
Greece has been going through which has been a result of the arms race with Turkey can be good
examples. In this study, the share of the defense expenditures in national economies will be reviewed
based on the motives for defense expenditures within the scope of arms race.
Keywords: Defense, Armament, Economics

25
Abstract No: 6066
Seekers, Solvers, Ideagoras: The Case of "acikinovasyon.com" as an Online
Crowdsourcing Platform
Oya Zincir
PhD Student
Istanbul Universitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakultesi Alemdar Cad. Soguk Cesme Sok. Fatih/Istanbul
Harnessing ideas have always been important for organisations. They have harnessed ideas mostly
from internal sources such as employees. Today, the world is more open and innovation is more
important for all kinds of organisations to compete and be successful in the hyper-competitive
environment. Thus, they need get not just internal ideas, but also external ideas too. An ideagora is a
marketplace for minds. Crowdsourcing platforms such as "acikinovasyon.com" provide ideagoras for
organisations and individuals; in other words, they bring seekers and solvers together. "No matter who
you are, most of the smartest people work for someone else,” as Bill Joy once said, it is possible to
harness lots of useful ideas from many individuals outside of the firm and use them for business
practices. This study aims to explain what is crowdsourcing, how it can be used for business
innovation practices and "acikinovasyon.com" platform as a case study by examining the website and
its contents.
Keywords: Innovation, Crowdsourcing, Online Platform, User Ideation

26
Abstract No: 6067
Turkey's metropolitan area management
Melek Ozlem AYAS
Specialist
Departement of Political Sciences, University of Marmara, Istanbul, Turkey
Great city-regions have begun to take a different role in center-periphery system, this role has brought
the need of a legal basis. By strating to use the term of “metropolitan area” instead of the “city-region
concept” has satisfied the search of a basis but it was not enough to solve the socio-economic
interactions with the environment of the cities. In this perspective, this work aims to study and analyze
ongoing process of expanding spatial scope and the relationship with the concept of metropolitan areas
management starting by the Metropolitan Municipality Law 1984/No3030 and the new Metropolitan
Municipality Law 2014/no5216.
Keywords: city-regions,metropolitan area,metropolitan areas management,

27
Abstract No: 6069
President Election Effect on Stock exchange: Case of BIST
Murat Akbalik
Associate Professor
School of Banking and Insurance, University of Marmara, Istanbul, Turkey
There are many studies related to general election anomaly for stock exchange in the liteterature.
However, there are no research respect to president election anomaly for BIST. In this study, the effect
of the 2014 president election on BIST 100 will be researched with parametric and non-parametric
statistical methods.
Keywords: Behavioral Finance, BIST (Borsa İstanbul), Election Effect, Stock Returns, Anomaly

28
Abstract No: 6071
Pseudo-Cûfic Ornament in Byzantine Art
Erkan KAYA
Instructor
Department of Art History, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
The etymological concept of the word pseudo-cufic is in Greek “pseudo” means “liar” and “cufic”
(kûfi) is used as a writing font in the Arabic alphabet. These verses because of not providing a
meaningful text mostly have taken their places in architecture as wall decorations. Besides the front
part they also have seen in frescoes. Not only in architecture pseudo-cufic decoration also encountered
in samples of handicrafts, textiles, glass, ceramics and metals. It requires us to question in which
points and the ways that the interaction has become as the examples of these ornoments used as
meaningless texts are having similarities to the letters of the Arabic alphabet and even some of them
have been exactly copied from letters. Therefore, in this study, the pseudo-cufic applications in
Byzantine architecture will be explained with a statement of how the kufi letters have come to
Byzantine architecture from different regions.
Keywords: Pseudo-cûfic, ornament, Byzantine, Architecture, Arts.

29
Abstract No: 6072
COMMERCIAL RELATIONS OF ABBASIDS WITH BYZANTINES
Mustafa Hizmetli
Associate Professor
Bartın Üniversitesi Edebiyat fakültesiTarih Bölümü, Bartın, Türkiye
From the blooming of Islam at the scene of history in VII. Century Muslims had religional, political,
military and cultural relations with Byzatines and those relations have drawn attention of researchers.
In the term of Abbasids in which commercial activities got importance, economical dimension had
added to the cruising relations in political, military and cultural areas in the time of the Prophet, the
Four Caliphs and Emevids. The Abbasid-Byzatine commercial activities stands as a few researced
subject except the study of W.Heyd. Before the conquests of Islam Byzantines had the superiority
knew no rivalry in Mediteranean Sea. Coasts at the end of Asian trade were in their hands; Egypt
where Redsea unloaded Eastern goods, Syria where caravans took the road from Persian Gulf, Central
Asia unloaded their goods and the secondary points of Black Sea which Eastern trade had interested in
were all in their hands. However bereaving those by Arabs arose a situation that upset commercial
benefits of Byzantium. One of the roads by which Eastern goods transfered to West was Trabzon.
Thus Ibn Havkal told Trabzon as warehouse of Eastern products. There was a city where the bazaar
that Circassians, Muslims,Byzantines and Armenian traders visited every year did set up. At this point,
our main problem is that Muslims’ goods reaching there by which region of Abbasid State. In this
term primary bazaars that exchange was done were Antakya and Aleksandria beside Trabzon. This
study intends to take attention to commercial relations between Abbasids and Byzantium.
Keywords: Commerce, Abbasids, Byzantines

30
Abstract No: 6075
The Hobbesian Trap and the Harem
FATMA DORE
Assistant Professor
Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Sociology
This paper will demonstrate that for Thomas Hobbes, man has the right of self-preservation and the
obligation to act in accordance with that right. The problem of this obligation is that there can be no
objective method for an individual to determine an existential threat, but only a subjective one. It is the
subjective judgement of the individual that leads to the problem of pre-emptive violence or the
Hobbesian Trap. As the individual is left to determine a threat to his life, he has the obligation to
neutralize that threat regardless of the intention of this supposed treat and regardless of whether he
wishes to act violently. This paper will also examine how, by expanding the concept of the “self” that
is obliged to be defended in accordance with an observation of Hobbes, the Hobbesian Trap can
additionally encompass perceived threats to one’s self-regard or honour. This paper will reveal that
within the frame story of The Thousand and One Nights, such a broad-based Hobbesian Trap is in
operation in the action of Shahriyar in his execution of his newly-wedded wives on the morning after
consummating his marriages to them. It will demonstrate that he acts pre-emptively to protect what he
regards as potential threats to his honour. It will finally show that one method for defusing the
Hobbesian Trap is through trust-building, and that Shahrazad wins the confidence of Shahriyar thus
causing him to spare her life and abandon pre-emptive bride killing, which is “salvation” for him.
Keywords: Hobbes, The Thousand and One Nights, Pre-emptive Attack, Shahriyar, Shahrazad

31
Abstract No: 6030
Virtual Reconstruction of Cultural Heritages by 3D Game Technologies: A Case Study
on Hagia Sophia Museum
Mehmet Fatih Döker, Cem Kırlangıçoğlu
Assistant Professor
Sakarya Universitesi Fen edebiyat Fakültesi Coğrafya Bölümü
Cultural heritages are a national treasure keeping the ancient memories of the society inherited from
past generations. It is significantly important to transfer this accumulation of knowledge to the
children of computer age who use technology skills for communicating, investigating, accessing and
using information about everything. Therefore, we need new and technology based methodologies to
reach these people. The aim of this study is to take advantage of 3D game technologies to prepare a
virtual museum platform which will be used as an interactive guide by millions of people all around
the world. This paper describes the integrated methods for generating the required platform using 3D
modelling techniques and game engines. Hagia Sophia Museum, which was chosen as a world
heritage site by UNESCO in 1985, is selected as the case study area for this study. The result of the
study is a life-like and realistic real-time 3D virtual museum not only giving visual materials but also
informative media including texts and sounds.
Keywords: Virtual Museum; Real-time 3D; Cultural Heritage; Augmented Reality; Hagia Sophia

32
Abstract No: 6078
Design Assessment of a Metro Station Using Microscopic Pedestrian Simulation
Cem Kırlangıçoğlu, Mehmet Fatih Döker, Uğur Karahan
Sakarya Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi
Today, everywhere is under construction. We build new houses, plazas, shopping centers, railway
systems and etc. Some people design our lifestyles while designing these buildings. How many of
designers think about human behaviours, crowd dynamics, possible circulation difficulties, pedestrian
flow or congestion problems inside and outside of these buildings? The aim of this study is to show
the importance of human based design processes for more liveable and safer spaces. This study
focuses on the application of microscopic pedestrian simulation techniques in the design process of a
high density metro station which is used by tens of thousands of people every day. The case study area
is selected as Haram Area West Metro Station of the first metro line of Madinah Al-Munawwarah,
Saudi Arabia. According to the predictions, nearly 40.000 passengers are expected to use this station
in one hour during Ramadan High Peak period in the year of 2040. The results of this study show the
benefits of using pedestrian simulation technologies to define the problematic areas of designs where
people experience high density, congestion, discomfort, frustration, inconvenience, dissatisfaction and
etc. This study should be seen as a first step towards understanding the underlying behavioural nature
of human for ideal designs and solutions.
Keywords: Human Behaviour Representation, Modelling and Simulation Environments, Agent-based
Systems, Transportation and Traffic, Infrastructure Planning and Design

33
Abstract No: 6081
VaKE (Values and Knowledge Education) in the framework of Lifelong Learning in
Applied Fields (LLAF) TEMPUS Project
Dorit Alt, Nirit Raichel
Regional Centre Zemach, Jordan Valley 15132, Israel
VaKE (Values and Knowledge Education) is a didactical approach based on the principles of
constructivism both for knowledge acquisition and for value education. It utilizes open teaching
methods and non-directive principles of interaction that are orientated to the aptitudes of the individual
learner. A case study describing the teachers' experiences with VaKE in the framework of LLAF, will
be presented in the context of a specific course dealing with instructional approaches in teaching for
undergraduate college students, enrolled in the Education and Community BA program. This study
used a qualitative case study which is an approach to research that facilitates exploration of a
phenomenon within its context using several data sources. The VaKE experience included two
dilemmas, formulated by the students, based on their professional experience. The facilitators of
VaKE have edit the dilemmas and omit personal references. The teachers of the course functioned as
an ‘orchestrators of the learning’ clearly defined functions and responsibilities within the process. The
students had to follow the steps of the VaKE process. Experiences of teachers and students were
gathered by open-ended questions. The students reported having learned and acquired new
information, and linked newly learned theories to authentic dilemmas. The teachers' reflections raised
several challenges, for example, presenting a dilemma, designed by the students, can narrow down the
story to a personalized dilemma, thus, linking other students to the story and make it relevant to them
can become difficult. Interpretation of the findings and implications for future research are discussed.
Keywords: Lifelong learning, higher education, constructivism

34
Abstract No: 6082
A LEADING WOMAN AUTHOR IN OTTOMAN EMPIRE: SIRPUHİ DÜSAP
Yıldız Deveci Bozkuş
Associate Professor
Department of Eastern Languages and Literatures
Based on Düsap’s identity as a woman and as an author; her works and themes in her works will be
analyzed in this article. Sırpuhi Düsap who was born in 1841 in İstanbul has a special place in
Armenian literature and among Armenian women writers. Along with being the first female writer
using Armenian language, she is a significant intellectual who contextualized women’s lives. During
the modernization period of the Ottoman Empire that had great impacts on diverse areas and especially
on literature, Düsap kept up with the discussions on ‘‘equality’’. Also by the influence of the
modernization in the Western world; Düsap started to write about women’s situations living in the
Ottoman Empire. She dwelled upon the issues on women and women’s place in the society, in order to
create awareness about these social problems. Düsap who had a good level of education, by taking into
account the period that she lived, opened various schools and theatres and participated in publishing
newspapers and journals. Düsap generally focused on the problems of the educated, middle and upper
-class women in her works.
Works she had put down on paper have an important influence both on her successors and her
contemporaries. Sibil, Zabel Yasayan and Arşaguhi Teotig are the most important writers among who
had been influenced by Düsap’s work. Düsap is an important intellectual who had a significant impact
both on Turkish and Armenian women, believed that women should work and stand on their own legs
and included these themes into her works.
Düsap from this aspect; was a woman writer who influenced both her successors and contemporaries.
She has three novels titled; Mayda (1883), Siranuş (1884) and Araksiya (1887). Düsap in her first
novel Mayda emphasized the prejudice against widows. It has been asserted that; Düsap in Mayda,
objected the ‘‘natural’’ superiority of men. On the other hand, in her novel named Siranüş which was
written in 1884, it can be seen that women are more powerful against the androcentric society. She
pointed out that; women are sacrificed by their fathers and husbands and criticized the prearranged
marriages. In her last novel, Araksiya (or Mürebbiye), Düsap; gives wide coverage to gender
inequality, rivalry among families and women who had been negatively influenced by these issues.
Keywords: Armenian, author, women, intellectual, Ottoman Empire.

35
Abstract No: 6083
MONETARY POLICY WHICH AIMED AT FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE
CENTRAL BANK OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY (CBRT), SINCE 2010
Havva ARABACI
Trakya Üniversitesi Edirne Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu Ayşekadın Yerleşkesi
Merkez/EDİRNE
Monetary policy is effort to manage variables such as money supply and interest rate for achieving
macro-economic objectives as price and financial stability, economic growth, ensuring the balance of
payments.
Since the end of 2010, the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) has designed and adopted
a new monetary policy. Nonetheless, financial stability has been adopted as a supportive objectives; as
for this purpose, additional policy instruments such as interest rate corridor (Weekly Repo Interest and
liquidity management) and required reserves have been developed.
The new policy design aimed to provide a framework to increase the economy's resilience especially
resulting from fragility caused by balance of payments equilibrium, credit expansion and capital flows.
In this study, new monetary policy tools aimed for financial stability which Implemented by the CBRT
since the end of 2010 has been tried to explained.
Keywords: Monetary policy, financial stability, central bank, interest rate corridor, required reserves

36
Abstract No: 6084
Lifelong Learning in Applied Fields (LLAF Tempus Funded Project): Two case studies
on Problem-Based Learning
Dorit Alt, Nirit Raichel
Regional Centre Zemach, Jordan Valley 15132, Israel
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is focused on solving authentic problems. It fits within the
constructivist theory of learning, which envisages learning as an active process by which students
build new ideas and concepts based on their own knowledge. In PBL students center on a complex
problem that does not have a single correct answer. They work in collaborative groups to identify what
they need to learn in order to solve a problem; engage in self-directed learning and then apply their
new knowledge to the problem. PBL will be exemplified by two case-studies that were conducted in
the LLAF project, in a course entitled: Introduction to informal education. In this course learning is
based on reading academic articles and finding literature describing case studies and field experiences
about the characteristics of informal education, its components, dimensions and its spheres of activity.
Multicultural groups of students, enrolled in the Education and Community BA program, collected
materials regarding the nature of informal education. The students searched for authentic questions
that concerned them with relation to an overarching question: How to motivate youth to get involved
in the community and society? To answer the questions raised, they collected materials and
interviewed professionals. The students synthesized theory and findings from the field, followed by
group and class discussions in light of the academic articles read by the group members. The
presentation will include: a description of the learning process and its evaluation. Implications of these
findings for the LLAF project will be discussed.
Keywords: Problem-Based Learning, constructivist theory of learning, higher education

37
Abstract No: 6086
A Comparison Upon Identity Of The American and the Ottoman
YUKSEL YILDIRIM
Assistant Professor
Department of Anthropology, University of Bartin, Bartin, Turkey
The subject of this study is comparison of identities of the American and the Ottoman, two great
multynational power in the history. Ottoman Empire, in the wolrd history had entered into a process of
disintegration in XIX. century, and it had disintegrationed in XX. century. New international actors
will be on stage during this period. One of these actors and the most important is United States of
America. Multicultural structure of the United States of America, sometimes, engendered to establish
similarities between the Ottoman Empire.
The most important basis to establish similarity between the two states was both elements has been
host to many ethnic. Under Ottoman rule, there were various nations. Today, there are people of
different nationalities in the United States of America too. In addition, there are two states in the
claims and efforts for world domination. This will cause both be likened to an empire. In this
presentation we will focus on those similarities claims.
Keywords: İdentity, Ottoman, American,

38
Abstract No: 6088
SINOPE NATURAL HARBOUR
Babur Mehmet Akarsu
Assistant Professor
Department of Archaeology, University of Sinop, Turkey
The city Sinope is a settlement area which has been inhabited since Chalcolithic Period. As stated in
the ancient resources, it was colonized by the people coming from Miletos in the 8th century BC.
Numerous artifacts which were obtained at the end of the conducted archeological activities and was
dated back to the 7th century BC points out the dense population of Miletos people in the City of
Sinope. Sinope which is the only city having a natural harbour in the Anatolian section of the Black
Sea had a bright and dense commercial and cultural life in antiquity. Sinope which was the capital city
of Pontos Empire played a significant role in the sea trade during the Hellenistic Period. As well as the
export of the sealed Sinope amphora and roof tiles, fish products and olive; it was the consignment
location of numerous productions of the region since it was the harbour of Paphlagonia Region. The
sea trade conducted through Sinope harbour continued during the period of Roman Empire too.
Keywords: Sinope, Sea Trade, Sinope Amphora, Miletos, Antiquity

39
Abstract No: 6090
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE REGIONS OF NORTHERN BLACK SEA
REGION AND WESTERN BLACK SEA REGION OF ANATOLIA
Rasim Yasar Tarakci
Instructor
Department of Underwater Technologies, Sinop University, Turkey
Numerous civilizations have lived in the coasts of Black Sea since antiquity. In addition to the sea
trade between the countries on the coasts of Black Sea, they also conducted naval warfare. On the
coasts of Black Sea region of Anatolia, numerous states such as Miletos, Pontos Empire, Roman
Empire, Byzantine Empire, Anatolian Seljuk Empire, Trapezuntine Empire, Anatolian Beyliks,
Ottoman Empire and the State of Turkish Republic have left deep traces, respectively. The Sinope
Harbour which was one of the most important harbours of the Western Black Sea region of Anatolia
during antiquity maintained its aspects as a commercial and military harbour during the Middle Ages
and the following ages. In the 19th century when the policies of Russian Empire to reach to the
warmer seas, the Shores of Sinope the City with its shipyard, sea trade and its natural harbours which
are convenient for shipping and lee anchor experienced a naval war between Ottoman Empire and
Russian Empire which numerous battleships were sunk on November 30, 1853.
Keywords: Military Harbour, Naval War, the Shores of Sinope, Pontos Empire, Ottoman Empire

40
Abstract No: 6091
The Characteristics of Toxic Leaders and Teachers' Opinions Related to Reflections on
the School Culture of the Toxic Leadership
Münevver Cetin, Gozde Turkmenoglu
Marmara Universitesi, Ataturk Egitim Fakultesi, Goztepe Yerleskesi, 34722 Kadıkoy - Istanbul
This research was conducted to examine the characteristics of the toxic leaders and the reflections on
the school culture of the toxic leadership according to teachers’ views. This research has been
designed as a phenomenologic method which is one of the qualitative methods. In order to determine
the study group of the research, convenience sampling method, which is one of the purposeful
sampling methods, was used. The study group of this research has been formed among 12 teachers
employed in public high schools located in Corlu and Ergene, Tekirdag in Turkey. The data on this
research were collected in 2015-2016 academic year. A semi-structured interview form was prepared
in order to collect data from teachers in the study group. The data obtained in the study was analyzed
using content analysis technique. The findings from this study may be summarized as follows;
participants who have involved in the research think that the toxic leaders are ignorant, unfair, critical,
threatful, closed to new ideas, biased, materialistic, not solution-oriented, no respecter of teachers,
people who have high ego, demotivate others and have not team spirit. The reflections on the school
culture of the toxic leadership are lack of communication, lack of solution, lack of motivation,
grouping, rumour, will of leave, decrease in performance, conflict environment, low student
achievement, an environment of distrust.
Keywords: leader, leadership, school culture, toxic leadership

41
Abstract No: 6092
The opinions of school administrators on the teacher performance evaluation
Munevver Cetin, Ismail Erol, Pelin Karaduman
Marmara Universitesi, Ataturk Egitim Fakultesi, Goztepe Kampusu, 34722, Kadıkoy - Istanbul,
Turkiye
Our aim in this study is to find out the opinions of school administrators who are at the top of
administrating public schools on teacher performance evaluation, situation of the evaluation system,
problems which they have come across during evaluation process, and competence of the criteria of
evaluation form. In Turkey, teacher performance evaluation had been done by the inspectors of the
ministry of education beforehand. With the regulation on the official journal published on April 17,
2015, teacher performance evaluation was started to be applied by school administrators in schools
with the 2015-2016 academic year.
In this study, we have got the opinions of the different school levels’ administrators who are
responsible for teacher performance evaluation (on teacher performance evaluation, situation of the
evaluation system, problems faced during evaluation process, and competence of the criteria of
evaluation form) in schools. It is a qualitative study and for the study, convenience sampling is used
and the study has involved 15 primary, secondary and high public school administrators who work in
Suleymanpasa district of Tekirdag in 2015-2016 academic year. To get the data, semi-structured, face-
to-face interview method which includes 12 open ended questions has been conducted and the data is
going to be analyzed by using content analysis.
Keywords: School Administration, School Administrators, Teacher Performance Evaluation

42
Abstract No: 6093
Entrepreneurial Spirit of Gen Z
Burhan Kilic, Nisan Yozukmaz, Faruk Yuksel
Faculty of Tourism, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mentese, Mugla
Entrepreneurship is defined as creating and developing an economic activity by using both creativity
and innovativeness or by taking risks and has become a current issue in recent years especially with
the help of major developments in technology. Understanding what the members of Generation Z
think about entrepreneurship is very important for entrepreneurial studies, the steps to be taken for the
development of entrepreneurship and knowing Gen Z youth better. Generation Z which is also called
as Digital Natives is a generation that is affected by technology and named with regard to this effect.
They are the people born between 1995-2010 that are self-confident, individual and independent; tech-
savvy and have an analytical thinking ability. The purpose of this study is to determine the
characteristics of entrepreneurial spirit Gen Z has and which type of entrepreneurship Gen Z adopts.
Described under different names and numbers, entrepreneurship types are examined under four groups
specified by Miner (1996): personal achievers, super sales persons, real managers, expert idea
generators. For this aim, in this quantitative study, questionnaire technique is applied as a data
collection tool. The designed questionnaire is conducted to the students of Tourism Faculty, Mugla
Sitki Kocman University born in 1995 and after. The findings and results revealed after the analysis
will be shared in full paper.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship types, Gen Z, tourism students

43
Abstract No: 6094
The Entrepreneurial Attitudes towards Menu Changing in the Small-Medium Sized
Food and Beverage Enterprises in Fethiye
Aydan Bekar, Cemal Artun, Nisan Yozukmaz
Faculty of Tourism, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mentese, Mugla, Turkey
Menu is one of the important instruments of the interaction with customers in the food and beverage
industry. The need of change in menus in small or medium sized food and beverage enterprises can be
different from chain and big businesses. As “entrepreneur” factor in SMEs is in the forefront, the role
of entrepreneur becomes more important in the decision of menu changing. The owners or managers
of the enterprise are affected by their environment, their observations, experiences and attitudes when
it comes to decision of menu changing. In this study, the effects of the behavioral dimension of
entrepreneurial attitudes are examined in terms of menu changing in the small or medium sized food
and beverage enterprises. The reason for addressing only the behavioral dimension is to determine the
effects of an entrepreneur on menu changing through his/her behaviors within the frame of certain
attitudes. As a data collection tool, the scale of behavioral dimension within the scale of
entrepreneurial attitude formed by Robinson et al. (1991) is used. The population of this study consists
of food and beverage enterprises registered to Fethiye Chamber of Commerce and Fethiye Chamber of
Merchants and Craftsmen; the sample is all the enterprises within the population which participate in
this study voluntarily. In the data analysis process, absolute and percentage values, factor analysis,
Chi-Square analysis and correlation analysis are applied. According to results of the study, it was
determined that innovative entrepreneurs prefer to make some changes in the menu due to the fact that
the previous one has no longer reflect the image of their business; entrepreneurs in the personal
success category prefer to make some changes in the menu due to the fact that the previous one has no
longer reflect the image of their business and also they could continue their competition with other
businesses; and lastly, analytical entrepreneurs prefer to make some changes in the menu so as to
follow new trends in the industry.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial attitudes, Menu changing, Food-beverage enterprises, SMEs

44
Abstract No: 6096
A SOCILOGICAL EVALUATION OF ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTION OF
VILOLENCE
GULCIN CEBECIOGLU, GULCIN CEBECIOGLU, IPEK BEYZA ALTIPARMAK
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY, ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY, BOLU, TURKEY
Violence is a situation that we may come across in all areas and lifts effectiveness day by day. The
attitudes adopted by the youth against violence faced up with frequently are very important. These
attitudes are affected by educational level, economic conditions, cultural background, gender
variables. These variables are among the important setters in connection with the consciousness level
of the individuals about which behaviors are violent and which are normal. Starting from this point a
questionnaire is applied to 130 students studying in the Department of Sociology at Abant Izzet Baysal
University. The data is analyzed via SPSS program and charts are created related with the subject. So
it is seen that traditional attitudes are adopted by the young people in relation with the attitudes and
perception of violence. At the end of the paper the importance of consciousness raising about gender is
mentioned from their views on physical, verbal, sexual and psychological violence with some
recommendations related with the topic.
Keywords: physical, verbal, sexual, physchological violence

45
Abstract No: 6097
Inheritance Of Spouses' In Case Of Death In Turkish Civil Code and A Proposal In
Accordance With Comparative Law.
Çiğdem Mine YILMAZ
Assistant Professor
Uludag University, Faculty Of Law, Gemlik/Bursa, TURKEY
In Turkish Civil Code, inheritance of one spouse is determined on other legal heirs. According to
Turkish Civil Code, in case death of one of the spouses' after divorce case opened, purport of
surviving spouses' depends on court decision. Purport of surviving spouses' change according to legal
systems in foreign law. By this study is aimed to recommend a new article for Turkish Civil Code.
Keywords: Inheritance, Purport of Surviving Spouse.

46
Abstract No: 6098
BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULE IN TURKISH CORPORATE LAW PARTICULARLY
A COMPARISON WITH SELECTED LEGAL SYSTEMS
Sevgi BOZKURT YAŞAR
Assistant Professor
Uludag University, Faculty of Law, Gemlik/Bursa, TURKEY
At this study, the business judgment rule which is a principal for the limitation of examining of the
board of directors and officers decisions by courts was analysed. The business judgment rule provides
to protect and promote free exercise of the managerial power of joint stock companies directors.The
rule was developed as a common law doctrine and considerable influence, particularly in the State of
Delaware. This principle was also adopted in Australian Corporate Law in 1999 and South African
Companies Act in 2008.
When man view the Continental European Law system, it can be determined that the principle is
recently more used as a instrument to reduce liability and protect decisions of directors. While the
principle was implanted with the amendments of German Stock Corporation Act i.e. Act on Corporate
Integrity and Modernisation of Avoidance Rights in 2005, the legislator of Switzerland and Turkey is
reluctant to enactment of the rule. However the principle is subject to jurisprudence and academic
studies in Switzerland and Turkey.
The business judgment rule excusing board of directors from liability of their business decisions so
long as directors act on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action was
taken in the best interest of the company. The rule is described as a presumption in American version
while in the other countries -which were adopted the principle- some differences are observed in the
practice.
Keywords: Business Judgment Rule, Joint Stock Company, Business Decision.

47
Abstract No: 6102
1. “Life, Bureaucratic Missions, and Wealth of Koca Sinan Pasha (1520-1596)”
Cafer Ciftci
Professor
Department of History, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey
Sinan Pasha, who was named as “the Conqueror of Tunisia”, “The Conqueror of Yemen” and “Great”
[Koca] in the sources, was one of the most famous, powerful, and wealthy statesmen of the Ottoman
History. It is known that the pasha was appointed to different missions of the state and has reached the
rank of grand vizier five times. In accordance with his fame and fortune, life and bureaucratic missions
of Sinan Pasha have been taken into consideration in various studies. For our intention is to participate
the conference with a panel titled as “Competence, Power and Wealth in Ottoman Bureaucracy: The
Example of Grand Vizier Koca Sinan Pasha and his Foundations”, the first speech of the panel is to
deal with the topic at introductory level as it would be expected. Nevertheless, except the studies
focused on the issue, the pieces of information based on the main sources of the topic, namely
vakfiyes (foundation registration documents), which give us a clue about the life of Sinan Pasha will
be manifested at the introductory stage of the speech. The information on the Bureaucratic missions
and life of the pasha will be presented based on the texts produced by his friends and foes, summaries
[telhis] he wrote, published mühimme registers [mühimme defteri], and works of historical
chroniclers.
The main focus of the paper is movable and immovable wealth accumulated by Sinan Pasha during his
lifetime. The topic is still not dealt with a proper research. The most reliable sources that may inform
us about the wealth of the pasha are the vakfiyes which are in fact, registry documents of the
foundations he established. An important amount of these vakfiyes are located in the archives of
Directorate General of Foundations in Ankara. A great deal of documents about the topic are also
available in Ottoman Archives of Prime Ministry in İstanbul, in sub fond called Sinan Pasha fond,
under the foundations fond, and in many other fond. In accordance with the whole information
gathered from these sources, movable and immovable wealth of Sinan Pasha will be evaluated, and the
accusations made by chroniclers about the amount and the ways of the accumulation of his wealth will
be taken into consideration.
Keywords: Koca Sinan Pasha, grand vizier, wealth, foundation.

48
Abstract No: 6103
Koca Sinan Pasha Foundations: Purpose of Establishment, Functionality, and Its
Analysis in Terms of Employment
Hasan Basri Ocalan
Associate Professor
It is known that in the Ottoman State many services were rendered by the foundations and these
foundations were established particularly by the leading administrators of the state. The Grand Vizier
Koca Sinan Pasha has spent a great portion of his wealth for the charitable institutions he founded on
various locations of the Ottoman land. Having a look through the vakfiyes he had prepared for his
foundations, each of which are books approximately a hundred pages long, it can be seen that Sinan
Pasha has founded charitable institutions in cities like Damascus, Cairo, Yenişehir, Malkara, Istanbul
and Kaçanik, and donated a great deal of movable and immovable wealth for these foundations. Sinan
Pasha who in these cities established religious institutions like Mosques, dervish lodges, and prayer
houses, educational institutions like schools and madrasas, and social charitable institutions like ribats,
imarets, inns, baths and fountains explained in his vakfiyes how these foundations were to work an
whom and how to benefit from them. Especially from his vakfiye for the imaret it is possible to get the
specifics for the services rendered and conditions for benefiting from them.
The vakfiyes in Archives of Directorate General of Foundations in Ankara, some of which can be
found in original Arabic form and some survives in copies, and documents about functions of Sinan
Pasha foundations in Ottoman Archives of Prime Ministry are the first hand sources and of crucial
importance for the research on the topic. After reading of the vakfiyes and the other documents, the
information gathered from them will be evaluated from different perspectives. Primarily, the
information will be analyzed in terms of employment. As a result of an evaluation of the vakfiyes it
can be seen that Sinan Pasha has appointed a huge staff for his foundations and created a great deal of
employment. It is possible to observe that the pasha created positions which cannot be seen in some
other foundations, and assigned multiple “tasks” to a single servant in order to create a greater
employment.
Keywords: Koca Sinan Pasha, foundation, employment, charity.

49
Abstract No: 6104
Range of Grand Vizier Koca Sinan Pasha Foundations through the Ottoman Land
Sezai Sevim
Associate Professor
Foundations of Koca Sinan Pasha were scattered over a wide area under Ottoman rule from the Middle
East to Asia Minor and the Balkans. It is a curious fact that the foundation buildings or the foundations
for different services can be found in the centers of big cities and in some small towns alike. Why
these settlements were preferred for the foundations? For this point, factors like populations of the
settlements during the time of establishment, presence or absence of other foundations in the area, or
the foundations’ links and missions related to the settlement should be taken into consideration.
My paper proposal titled as “Range of Grand Vizier Koca Sinan Pasha Foundations through the
Ottoman Land” will be evaluated in the panel within the aforementioned framework. Basing the work
on the vakfiyes the pasha prepared for his foundations, his foundation establishments which can be
spotted on many locations from Damascus to Cairo, or from Skopje to Yenişehir, and movable and
immovable grants reserved for keeping these foundations up and functioning will be detected
regionally. By the help of this research it can also be possible to reach some other pieces of
information indirectly. For example, by detection of the granted arable lands and its harvesting
amount, agricultural structure of a region can be enlightened.
The main sources employed for preparation of the paper are the vakfiyes belonging to Koca Sinan
Pasha foundations. The multiplicity and enormous size of the vakfiyes stand as a hardship for the
research. However, by a collective study on the vakfiyes and a cooperative effort spent together with
the other panelists who are interested in different aspects of the topic, the hardship can be eliminated.
In addition to the vakfiyes, some other archival documents are also to be included. For example, the
tax registers (tahrir defterleri) can be important sources for evaluation of the population of the
settlement where the foundation was established and for estimating how big the population the social
complexes were serving along with the others.
Keywords: Grand Vizier Koca Sinan Pasha, Damascus, Cairo, Yenisehir, Skopje

50
Abstract No: 6105
Koca Sinan Pasha in Literary and Historical Sources: The Dilemma of Philanthropy
and Cruelty
Sadettin Egri
Associate Professor
Department of Turkish Language and Literature, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey
Koca Sinan Pasha who left his mark over the Ottoman History as a statesman by the foundations he
established and his hundreds of charitable deeds, was also severely criticized and insulted during his
life time and after his death. The pasha has reached to the rank of grand vizier for several times, and
became famous for his character, his wealth, his reforms in administration, and for his foundations.
The criticism about his statesmanship seems sometimes organized and for personal reasons for the
other. As we can see different examples fluently in the literary and historical texts and in some
different documents, the reasons and sources of the criticism and insult can vary. Openly or indirectly
declared, written or orally expressed criticism could derive from opinion of society or a social group,
or can be explained by personal ambition, grudge, or expectations of a poet or author. Some
characteristics of criticism toward Sinan Pasha which also finds its reflection in poetry deserves some
attention. He is pictured as person who is revengeful, narcissist, cruel, weak for money, ignorant of
competence, without grace and kindness, violating the customs of patronage, bribing, unfairly
prospering, and showing hostility towards the men of the arts and sciences.
The Turkish statesmen were expected to protect and support the men of sciences and arts, especially
the poets, in accordance with the traditional framework of patronage. Although the statesmen of the
Ottoman era were generally loyal to this traditions, there were also exceptional figures like Rüstem
Pasha, Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, and Koca Sinan Pasha who were strongly against this approach and
taking the poets in no means as men of scientific mastery. Undoubtedly, it was a factor for criticism
that the expectations of support and patronage for the poets were never met by Sinan Pasha. However
this statesman is also ridiculed and even insulted for his policies, life, actions and character in
historical chronicles too. It is a dilemma that a man of philanthropy like Sinan Pasha is called as “dog,
carrion, filthy, or donkey corpse” after his death and criticized for location and physical features of his
grave. In Turkish tradition and in Islamic approach a deceased man is generally remembered with
good intentions, no matter how bad he actually was. One of the reasons why Sinan Pasha was not
approached in this manner was undoubtedly due to the personality of his son Muhannes Mehmed
Pasha.
Keywords: Koca Sinan Pasha, ridicule, literary text, philanthropy, cruelty.

51
Abstract No: 6108
Who teaches the youngest migrants in Polish schools? Psychological and professional
profile of teachers educating migrant children in public primary schools in Poland.
Agnieszka Hennel-Brzozowska
Dr.
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. KEN, Katedra Psychologii, 30-084 Kraków, u. Podchorazych 2,
Poland
As the integration of migrant children in the school and in the society of the host country depends
seriously on the teachers competences, the paper presents data concerning psychological profile and
professional level of public primary school teachers in Poland, working with Ukrainian , Vietnamese,
Chechen and other migrant children, and some data about the accommodation of polish school system
to the young migrants needs in macro scale accomplished in the last decade.
Keywords: migrant children , teacher personality, migrant education, Vietnamese migrants, Ukrainian
migrants

52
Abstract No: 6110
A READING OF THE RELATION BETWEEN INORGANIC MODERNIZATION
AND MASS MEDIA IN THE CONTEXT OF AGNOTOLOGY The Case of the "İşte
Benim Stilim: All Star" Program
BURCU KAYA ERDEM
Associate Professor
FACULTY OF COMMUNICATION, ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, ISTANBUL, TURKEY
The relation between modernization and mass media has been examined by many academic studies in
communication and sociology literature. The aim of this study is to present the argument that the
relation between scrutiny and the new social appearances, which are mediated by technology, cannot
be seen regardless of agnotology. Because of the perception that science, culture and knowledge are
consciously manipulated and used for different purposes, including marketing, and the role of mass
media in this process, it can only make sense with the concept of ""agnotology"" by Robert N. Proctor,
history scientist, in mind. This concept is explained as ""the cultural production of ignorance"".
The concept of agnotology is mainly used with ""modernization"" because Turkish modernization,
which is a unique modernization practice, reflects a superficial modernization approach that is
deprived of mental stimulation and philosophical knowledge and reduced to visual resemblance and/or
imitation. The superficial modernization practices, that is, the practices void of a deep intellectual
dimension, which are used in Turkish modernization, are still produced and upheld by the media in
this society of scrutiny which is built by the mass media today in cooperation with the government in
power. After the mainstream culture of modern society and mass media began replicating the culture
of the minority and made it their own, the ""cultural production of ignorance"" has become more
common and gained a new meaning. This popularization and meaning will be examined with a critical
analysis of ""İşte Benim Stilim: All Star"", which uses the words ""modern"" and classy"" in its
teasers.
Keywords: INORGANIC MODERNIZATION, AGNOTOLOGY, İşte Benim Stilim All Star

53
Abstract No: 6109
INTEGRATION EFFORTS WITH THE WORLD AFTER INDIPENDENCE İN
TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES
SEDA BAYRAKDAR
Dr.
Kırıkkale Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bİlimler Fakultesi Iktisat Bolumu
After the collapse of the Soviet Union has emerged fifteen different nation states. It is given to the
common name the transition economies of all these countiries. While transition economies trying to be
integrated with internetional system , these countiries have many problems such as security, economic,
political in many areas. Each countiries applies own policies to solve faced by the problems . Even if
after independence in transition economies tried a number of reform efforts, we can’t say achivement
both reform effort and internetional entegration. The main purpose of this study determine the success
of these countiries which is try to transforming from socialist system to free market economy in
accordance with international indexes. Therefore we are going to use these indexes that Corruption
Perception Index, Doing Buisiness Report, Index of Economic Freedom, Human Development Index.
Keywords: Transıtıonal Economıes, Human Development Index,Corruption Perception Index, Doing
Buisiness Report, Index of Economic Freedom

54
Abstract No: 6111
AGE OF DISCOVERY AND MAMLUKS-PORTUGUESE STRUGGLES
Burak Gani Erol
Assistant Professor
Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Rize
Between 1250-1517 the Mamluks in Egypt, Syria and He jaz in the political, military and economic
authority have established. 267 years of managing these areas have their military orders. The
Mamluks, a military structure, which is based on ground troops had essentially. Maritime activities, as
well, according to their importance, can be said to perform great success the coast of the
Mediterranean and the Red Sea. Geographical discoveries that took place the last period of the
Mamluks and this discoveries at the most important events in the history of the world. Portugal Prince
Henrique known adjectives that sailor or seaman (1394-1460) gave all the facilities of the state under
the order of sailors and asked them to explore new places and sothe world entered a new era. The
Portuguese came to India, the Red Sea region, the Mamluks, meantime the only ruler of the region and
they fought with Portuguese until Ottomans beat them. Geographical Discoveries and the Mamluks-
Portuguese struggles thesubject of this study.
Keywords: Mamluks, Portugal, Egypt

55
Abstract No: 6114
Epistemological and Political Origins of John Locke’s Limited State Concept
Mumin Koktas
Assistant Professor
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara,
Turkey
John Locke is one of the precursors of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment movement and the
founders in the formation of modern political thought. It is almost impossible to make sense any
discussion about modern politics, such as natural rights, constitutional order, tolerance, limited state,
epistemology, without taking into account Locke’s explanations. Besides, Locke is one of the founders
of both British and American political thought. In other words, modern British and American
governments and political thoughts have been founded upon Locke’s insights. Locke's works can be
divided into two general categories. These works are mainly about epistemology (An Essay
Concerning Human Understanding, 1690) and political philosophy (Two Treatises of Government,
1689). However, Locke’s thought is handled separately from each other because of this distinction in
general. In this respect, Locke is presented as a thinker who has two main trends unrelated to each
other. So one would see a thinker dealing with human knowledge problem on the one hand and a
thinker writing about politics on the other side. However, Locke's epistemology and political
philosophy associated inseparably from each other. In this paper, Locke’s epistemology and political
philosophy will be considered together through the concept of limited state. The concept of limited
state is one of the best ways to connect human knowledge and political theory. In the most general
sense, political activities of the state to control and regulate all aspects of human life should be limited
because our knowledge is limited understanding the external world in a perfect way.
Keywords: John Locke, Political Theory, Modern Political Thought, Government

56
Abstract No: 6115
Internet ci rende stupidi o intelligenti? Come la rete sta cambiando le nostre facoltà
cognitive
Giuseppe Di Palo
PhD Student
Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Sociali e della Formazione, Università degli Studi del Molise,
Campobasso, Italia
The digital environments are leading to the emergence of an inevitable decay and deterioration of
traditional cognitive faculties including the ability to concentrate and memory. Parallel perspectives
speak of new skills and styles of attention as a response to the digital environment strategies
characterized by an information glut that is unprecedented in human history. Also McLuhan says that
the media change our nature without our be conscious.
Main actors of this dialectic are Nicolas Carr (2011) and Howard Rheingold (2013), which
respectively respond to the questions of why the internet makes us stupid or intelligent.
Carr argues that Internet, understood as the multifaceted set of always-connected digital devices,
decreases the quality of our cognitive mode of attention and memory, making us lose some intellectual
faculties as the deep reflection and richness of collective and individual memory. The continuous
stresses of the digital environments do not enable the attention focused and the deep reflection.
According to Rheingold, however, the network can make more intelligent provided that you acquire
certain skills. In order for Internet to become a profitable environment is necessary an education on its
use without which the experience of new media will raise an unmanageable chaos.
Keywords: Internet, Carr, Rheingold, intellectual change

57
Abstract No: 6118
Time Series Forecasting with Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic
Hakan PABUÇCU
Assistant Professor
Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
Fuzzy logic and neural networks have been used successfully to solve real life problems in several
discipline. In the recent times fuzzy logic and neural networks have become an important method to
solve the forecasting and especially time series forecasting problem. There is a growing interest to this
forecasting models as an artificial intelligence technic. In this study provides a brief literature review
and a brief description of fuzzy logic and neural network. As other traditional forecasting methods like
ARMA and ARIMA, fuzzy logic and neural network have some advantages and disadvantages too. In
the second stage represents this advantages and disadvantages of this methods comparison with
traditional forecasting methods. In the third stage examines some recent application, recent
development and improvement of fuzzy logic and neural network applications especially in social
science. Additionally, represents some offer for further research to the researchers.
Keywords: Time series, forecasting, neural network, fuzzy logic

58
Abstract No: 6122
As the Representatives of Generation Z, Being Aware of the 5-6 year-old-children
Listening Skills and A Secret Touch to Develop Them
Sultan Başaran
Listening is one of the most significant skills of interpersonal communication. Ericson, Piaget, Eric
Berne and many researchers have studied this topic. Today parents and teachers mostly complain
about the lack of listening skills. As it has been widely accepted that listening is a psycho-social
process. As the 5-6 year old period taken into consideration, generation Z should be handled deeply.
Firstly, language education is accepted as the root of listening skill. Listening skill which begins in the
family.

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XI. ECSBS – Rome – September 1-4, 2016 - Abstract Book