Hypospadias is a birth defect in males where the urethra opens on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip. It occurs in about 1 in 200-300 male births and is caused by incomplete closure of the urethral groove during fetal development. Hypospadias is classified based on the location of the urethral opening - glandular, penile, scrotal, perineal, or anal. Treatment involves surgery to close the urethra opening and straighten the penis, with the procedure varying based on the severity of the case.

1. Hypospadias
KATHLYN FEBBIE B. BATUNGBAKAL

2. Introduction
Is a development anomaly in males in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis,
perineum, or the failure or incomplete closure of the embryonic urethral groove.
Incidence is approximately 1:200- 1:300 male births.
The etiology is believed to be a combination of genetic susceptibility and prenatal exposure to
endocrine disruptors.
Commonly seen in male dogs (boston terriers) and rarely seen in bulls.
Inherited

3. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
ANATOMIC LOCALIZATION
Glandular – mild form which presents the
urethra within the glans penis
Penile
Scrotal
Perineal
Anal

4. CLASSICATION BASED ON DEGREE OF DISORDER
Mild (anterior or distal) –occurring in about 50% of hypospadias cases
Moderate (middle) -30%
Severe (posterior or proximal) -20%

5. Clinical signs
Depends on the site of urethral meatus.
Urethra is on the underside of the penis *
Urine scalding
Complications of increased susceptibility to UTI
Downward curve of the penis (chordee)
Abnormal appearance of the tip/glans penis
Micropenis

8. PERINEAL HYPOSPADIAS
Underdeveloped penis
Fusion failure of the urethra, prepuce
and scrotum
External urethral orifice located in the
perineum

9. ANAL HYPOSPADIA
Indicated by the yellow arrow

10. Treatment
SURGERY –aims to closed the penis opening in its current position and bringing it to
the head of the penis and straightening the penis.
MILD – no corrective surgery
MODERATE – two layer closure.
SEVERE- excision of the external genitalia, urethroplasty and orthoplasty.