Subcoal® pellets are an alternative fuel made from non-recyclable paper and plastic waste. They can be used in cement kilns, lime kilns, and energy plants as a substitute for coal. The Subcoal® technology was developed as a sustainable solution for paper and plastic waste. It utilizes waste as a renewable energy source and provides energy independence while reducing CO2 emissions compared to other fuels. The production process involves preparation, drying, and purification of the waste into pellet form that can be used directly or co-ground with coal in industrial facilities.

1. Alternative fuels

2. Subcoal® pellets
 An alternative fuel made of non-recyclable paper-plastic waste fractions
 An alternative to bituminous coal or lignite
 Subcoal® pellets can be used in cement kilns,
lime kilns and energy plants

3.  Subcoal® technology was developed to find a sustainable solution for
paper-plastic waste fractions
 Two facilities are currently producing Subcoal® in the Netherlands:
Inline facility (15.000 tonnes) at Smurfit Kappa
Stand alone facility (70.000 tonnes) Qlyte
Subcoal® technology

4.  Alternative fuels act as the connecting element both for a waste
solution as for an renewable energy source
 Every country has its own energy mine (waste), which is not
used to the fullest at the moment
 For many countries an independent energy supply is of great interest,
plus many countries still struggle with their waste
 Substituting a primary fuel source contributes to a cleaner
environment, plus in the case of the Subcoal® concept, waste is
prevented from ending up in landfill or waste incineration plants
 Due to the high biomass content of the pellets the burning of such
alternative fuels will reduce the CO2 emissions wherever they are
burnt
Environment

5. Subcoal® technology
 Typical production process as shown below. This can be implemented on existing
plants, build as a dedicated plant or implemented at a large waste producer such as a
paper mill or a waste sorting plant
Input
Output
Preparation & purification section
Drying section
Purification & post-treatment section

6. Subcoal® typical specification
Subcoal® pellets
Net calorific value (as received) > 20.000 kJ/kg
> 9000 Btu/pound
Ash content <12 W.-%
Moisture <8 W.-% DW
Chlorine <0,8 W.-% DW
Sum Heavy Metals <800 mg/kg
TOC >50 W.-% DW
Biomass >50 W.-% DW
Volatiles > 60%
Typical physical size (unground) Ø 8 mm (length < 3 cm)
Typical physical size (ground) < 5mm
Density 400-450 kg/m³
Subcoal® shows hydrophobic behavior, the pellets do not dissolve
in water and have been stored outside at several installations.

7. Subcoal® grinding media
 Subcoal® is commercially used via various grinding
media (direct firing)
 Hammer mill
 Air-rotor mill
 Bowl mill
 Subcoal® is tested via various grinding media
 Palla vibriation mill
 Ball mill
 Cutting mill

8. Subcoal® co-grinding
 Subcoal® has been successfully co-grinded with bituminous coal
via the bowl mill, also known as the vertical roller mill
 Industrial trials have been carried out at 2 different power stations
in the Netherlands
 Up to 10% co-grinding has been proven via a laboratory test
with Alstom in Stuttgart, Germany.
 Co-grinding allows usage of alternative fuels without the need
for high investments in dosing equipment

10. N+P also handles::
 Refused derived fuel (RDF, Waste to energy)
 Solid recovered fuel (SRF)
 PRE-SRF: raw material for SRF production
 Paper sludge
 Paper rejects
 Rockwool

11. N+P Group provides:
 Notifications, licenses & permits
 Quality analysis & advice
 Project development & management
 Transportation and storage
 Subcoal® technology
application animation video
corporate video
www.np-recycling.nl