#Slideshare Information about Morphological patterns and outcomes of acute inflammation

1. MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS
AND
OUTCOMES OF
ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Samad ali
2nd Year BDS
Roll No :53
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2. OBJECTIVES:
 By the end of this presentation my class
fellows will be able to know about
“Morphological patterns and outcomes of
acute inflammation”.
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3. MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS
 The morphologic hallmarks of acute
inflammation are vasodilation and
accumulation of leukocytes and fluid in
extravascular tissues
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4. GENERAL FEATURES:
Edema
Rubor
Calor
Tumor
Functio laesa
Dolor
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5.  Serous inflammation
 Fibrinous inflammation
 Purulent (suppurative) inflammation
 Hemorrhagic inflammation
 Ulcer
 Pseudomembranous inflammation
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SPECIAL PATTERNS

6. SEROUS INFLAMMATION
It is characterized by exudation of watery
relatively protein poor fluid into spaces created
by injury to surface epithelia or into body
cavities
Exudation of this inflammation is clear fluid with
no WBCs or granulocytes
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7. CONTINUE
The fluid may be derived from the
plasma or from secretion of
mesothelial cells
For example: skin blister after burn
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8. FIBRINOUS INFLAMMATION
This occur as a consequence of more severe
injury with resultant greater vascular
permeability allowing larger molecules
especially fibrinogen to pass out of vessels
Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin and deposited
in extracellular spaces
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9. CONTI….
 Fibrinous exudate may be dissolved by
fibrinolysis and removed by macrophages
 If the fibrin is not removed with the time it may
stimulate the ingrowth of fibroblasts and blood
vessels and thus lead to scarring
 Conversion of fibrinous exudate to scar tissues is
called organization
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10.  For example : Organization of
pericardial exudate to form
scaring in pericarditis
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11. SUPPURATIVE (PURULENT) INFLAMMATION
 It is characterized by the production of pus
 Pus consist of neutrophils , necrotic cells and
edema fluid
 The most frequent cause of purulent
inflammation is infection with pyogenic (pus
producing) bacteria i.e staphylococci.
 E.g. acute appendicitis
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12. CONTINUE
 Abscess: localized collection of pus in a
cavity or deep tissue of the body.
 At center of abscess there is lot of dead
neutrophils and microbes surrounded by
layer of active neutrophils and zone of dilated
vessels
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13. CONT.….
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14. ULCER
 Inflammation occurring near an epithelium
can result in the necrotic loss of tissue from
the surface , exposing lower layers.
 The subsequent excavation or defect in the
epithelium is called ulcer.
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16. HEMORRHAGIC INFLAMMATION
It is characterize by formation of exudate
having a large number of RBCs
For example: Acute hemorrhagic pneumonia
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17. PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS INFLAMMATION
 An acute inflammatory response to a
powerful necrotizing toxin ( i.e. diphtheria
toxin) characterized by formation on
mucosal surface of a false membrane
composed of precipitated fibrin , necrotic
epithelium and inflammatory leukocytes.
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19. OUTCOMES OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION
 Acute inflammation typically have one of 3
outcomes
1) Complete resolution: the complete restoration
of the inflamed tissue back to normal status .
Inflammatory measures such as vasodilation ,
chemical production , and leukocyte infiltration
cease and damage parenchymal cells regenerate
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20. 2) HEALING BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE REPLACEMENT( FIBROSIS OR
SCARRING )
Large amount of tissue destruction or damage in tissues
unable to regenerate completely by the body
Fibrous scarring occurs in these area of damage , forming
a scar composed primarily of collagen the scar will not
contain any specialized structures such as parenchymal
cells hence functional impairment may occur
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21. 3) PROGRESSION OF RESPONSE TO CHRONIC
INFLAMMATION
Acute to chronic transition occurs when the
acute inflammatory response cannot be
resolved as a result of either the persistence
of the injurious agent or some interference
with the normal process of healing
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