Presentation by Mr. Mazzanti, Arno River Bassin Authority, during the 1st Indo-European Water Forum

2. Implementing EU
legislation in a context of
water scarcity: The water
accounting approach in the
Arno River Basin in Italy
Bernardo Mazzanti, Arno River
Basin Authority, Florence, Italy

3. Arno River Basin
Area: 8228 Km2
River length: 241 Km
Altitude: 0 m - 1385 m
Climate: Mediterranean
Precipitation: 850 mm/year
Annual avg. Temperature: 13.9 °C
The Arno River Basin Main issues
Increasing intensity of
flash flood and drought
periods
High antropic pressure
Concurrent water uses
Critical environmental
conditions

4. WFD & RBMP
The Northern Apennines District
(ITC)
40.000 sq km
8.000.000 inhab.

5. Approvation of Updated RBMP proposal
(Integrated Institutional Commitee,
22.12.2014)
Updated RBMP (2nd cycle)
Updating the RBMP
December 2012
December 2013
December 2014
December 2015
Updated Drivers, Pressures and
Impacts assessment; WBs Updated
Environmental Status
December 2009 First RBMP
Reporting PoM

6. Bilateral Meeting IT – DG ENV. Bruxelles, 24.09.2013
Objectives and Expemptions
● IT to follow up on al clear justification of exemptions based on the updated
Article 5 analysis and a comprehensive assessment of the measures needed to
achieve good status
Programme of measures
● For the next RBMP a better link between pressures and measures should be
made not only for agriculture but for all other sectors too
Economic analysis
● municipal water services, agriculture, self-abstraction, storage or impoundment
for flood protection (…) should be included in the economic analysis, so that
cost recovery should be calculated for those services

7. PoMs: MS included what is in
place, in the pipeline or feasibile
rather that what is necessary
Base PoMs on assessment of pressures
to design cost-effective measures
Provide appropriate justification for
exemptions
Water Abstraction: insufficient measures to control abstraction
and ecological flow
Review permits to ensure sustainable use
Improve monitoring and enforcement
4th European Water Conference – March 2015

8. Data organization – the Water Body sheet
Drivers
Pressures
Impacts
Environmental
status
Water Accounts
Programme of
Measure
Relation to FRMP
WB
characterization
8

9. Basic (Conditional) Data
Drivers, Pressures and Impacts update
Water body status update
Update of the status of implementation of planned measures Report
PoM
Dec. 2012
Update the current status of measures’ implementation
Water Accounts and Water Balance data
Example: update of the Tuscan
Water Authority Plan
Monitoring detailed data
Example: Water Balace Plan - Arno
River Basin Authority – PAWA prj.
Reports of the Regional Agencies
for Environmental Protection
Additional Data
Setting the scene
WISE Data - Hazardous substances and diffuse pollution
Report
Art. 5
July 2014

10. RBMP 2nd cycle evaluation
Environmental
status
On going measures
Justifications
Exemptions
Key steps
Gap assesment
Measures’ effectivness
(magnitudo) evaluation
Additional Measures
10
Executive
Information
System to
Support
Integrated
Planning and
Management

11. Ecological and chemical status assesment
Detailed analysis of critical Biological Quality Elements
Step #1 – Ecological and chemical status assesment
Gap between
present
environmental
status
and objective
status

12. Step #2 – gap evaluation
Based on
pressures and
monitoring
results
Pollution load
grey water
1
Environ
mental
status

13. Step #2 – gap evaluation
Water Exploitation2
WEI index (Water
Exploitation Index)
Environ
mental
status
WEI+

14. Step #2 – gap evaluation
Morphological
alteration3
Indexes (IQM) or empirical evaluation, confirmed
by monitoring results
BQEs
Benthic Invertr.
Macrophytes
Fish fauna
Environ
mental
status

15. Expert
judgment
supported
by
monitoring
data
Step #2 – gap evaluation
Chemical status
gap
4Diffuse pollutants
Ubiquitous substances
Non-Ubiquitous substances

16. Grey water
Blu water
Threshold
Step #2 – gap evaluation
What’s behind?

17. Choice of measures
Step #3 – gap after on going measures
Measures’ effectivness evaluation
Grant Agreement No.
07.0329/2013/671279/S
UB/ENV.C.1

18. How to fill the gap? How to choice
measures? How to justify exemptions?
Increase dischargeDecrease pollution Hydromorph. restoration
water abstraction
permits reduction
quantitative indicators
and corr. thresholds
Step #3 – gap after on going measures
Grant Agreement No.
07.0329/2013/671279/SUB/E
NV.C.1

19. Integrates water cycle with economic activities in
a standard way
Standard codes:
For the economic activities (ISIC Rev. 4)
For all data items (water flows)
Standard SEEA-Water tables
(1) Physical Supply and Use Accounts
(2) Emission Accounts
(3) Hybrid and Economic Accounts
(4) Water Asset Accounts
• (1) Water supply and its use in the production
process and by households
• (1) The reused water within the economy
• (2) The pressures imposed by the economy into the
environment.
• (3) The cost, the financing of these cost, the investments
and the payment of permits for access to water.
• (4) Stocks and flows of water within the
environment.
SEEA-Water method

20. Water Flow Diagrams for Water
Supply and User Accounts
(1) USE (2) SUPPLY
Balance/activity (1)-
(2)
(2)
20

21. Estimation carried out on the basis of updated
information on the implementation of measures
Interventi finanziati
Timescale Costs Potential Effect
Reference
Plans
Deadline
< 2021
< 2027
Specifying
financing
sources
(tariff)
In relation to a commonly approved
unit of measure (e.g equivalent
treated inhabitants)
and/or
estimated on the basis of existing
literature (e.g. CNR IRSA)
Estimation of confidence level
Specifying
Responsible
Authorities
Step #3 – gap after on going measures

22. Question #1
? EXEMPTION under Art. 4.4 - good status by 2021
NO
Is the gap filled by on going measures?
EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENTAL COST
YES
Verify the possibility of
adding other measures
PPP
Covered
(paid for)
Internalized
(paid by the one
causing the gap?)
=
PPP
FCR FCR
ERC = proxy of cost of measures to achieve good status (Guidelines IT
Ministry of the Environment)
ENVIRONMENTAL COST

23. Step #4 – Selection of additional measures
Measures are selected on the basis of the gap assessment and the throughout
knowledge of the specific drivers which are not counteracted by planned measures
for each impacting sector
KTMs (Key Type of Measure) are selected through a stepwise thinking process
On the basis of an order of magnitude
estimate expressed in terms of
potentially treated
pollution load
(e.g equivalent treated inhabitants)
and
estimate of the cost of measures
On the basis of an order of
magnitude estimate of
necessary measuresOn the basis of a
qualitative
assessment
WHAT do
we need to
do?
How do we
PRIORITIZE?
Which additional
COSTS do we have?
complexity

24. Step #4 – Selection of additional measures
POLLUT
5%
HYDRO
20%
Additional Measure:
Strategic interconnection in the
water supply network
POLLUT
5%
HYDRO
0%
GW in poor quantit. status

25. Step #4 – Selection of additional measures
POLLUT
13%
HYDRO
5%
MORPHO
POLLUT
5%
HYDRO
2%
MORPHO
Natural SW – 150 sq. km
heavy morphological alteration
Additional measures:
NWRM
?

26. Natural Water Retention Measures
Efficiency and
effectiveness appraisal
as regards to WB quality?
Efficiency and effectiveness
appraisal as regards to
flood protection?
Step #4 – Selection of additional measures
FRMP Reference Unit
FRMP Knowledge
base
FRMP PoM
RBMP Reference Unit
RBMP Knowledge
base
RBMP PoM
“Win-Win” Measures

27. Gap filled by
programmed measures
Example
Selection of the KTMs
(Key Type of Measures)
to be activated
Ref. Reporting Guidance ver. 6.0.2
Gap Trend
Estimate
Unfilled Gap
Gap filled by
additional
measures
Additional
measures
UPP - PPP
Gap after additional measures
Gap caused by pressures &
status
Gap after on going measures
Step #5 – Gap estimation with additional measures

28. Only if the appraisal of the cost of additional measures is available
Effectivness Sustainability
Which measures
counteract the
most impacting
drivers?
Which measures
will presumably fill
the gap?
Benefit Analysis: Cost & Benefit Analysis
Can additional measures be fully implemented in
compliance with the deadlines required by the
WFG?
Are measures financed by other plans? For
example by RDPs
Efficiency
Which measures
minimize costs?
Which measures
can be
implemented in
shorter time?
Step #5 – Gap estimation with additional measures

29. Question #2
?
Exemption/Extended deadline - Art. 4.4 good
status by 2027
NO
Is the gap filled by additional measures?
ENV COST
YES
Exemption under Art.
4.5
LESS STRINGENT
OBJECTIVE
?
PPP
Internalized
FCR
DISPROPORTIONATE
COST

30. Factors which support the choice of an exemption
under Art. 4.4
(extended
deadline)
Presence of urban agglomeration under infringement
procedure
Presence of water quality dependent Protected Areas
Presence of uses which require high water quality and
quantity standards
Additional measures can be on the verge of economic sustainability or above its
threshold. But these factors strongly support the choice of an extended deadline in
that they include environmental and social aspects
Step #6 - Extended deadline or less stringent objective

31. Factors which support the choice of an exemption
under Art. 4.5 (less stringent objective)
Presence of relevant manifacturing activities
AWB or HMWB
Disproportionate Cost:
• different combinations were appraised but none is sustainable
• costs outweigh benefits
• costs outweigh benefits by an appreciable and reliable margin (i.e. higher than the estimate of
error)
• sectors which should contribute cannot bear the costs because of affordability issues
Step #6 - Extended deadline or less stringent objective

32. Other factors to justify exemptions under Art. 4.6 - To be taken into
consideration!
Step #7 - Appraise of Extreme phenomena
Extreme events (prolonged drought, floods) in the last six years
Water scarcity caused by agricultural uses
ARNO
case
study
water abstraction
permits reduction
UPP
Incentive pricing
hystorical timeseries
ERC - Resource cost
climate change scenarios
quantitative indicators and
their thresholds
Grant Agreement No.
07.0329/2013/671279/SUB/E
NV.C.1

33. Preliminary results
Apportionement of
different drivers to the
gap
“Grey water”
“Blue water”

34. Preliminary results - Regione Toscana
PPP?
Ongoing measures are expected to drop
the gap by 40%
Gap contribution Costs of on going measures
Trans
CIV
IND
FCR?

35. Additional measures – cost estimation
Preliminary results - Regione Toscana
Additional measures are expected to drop
the gap further by another 30%
Trans
CIV
AGR
IND
Updated drivers’ apportionment (pollution
load + water exploitation) to the gap
PPP?
FCR?

36. Developing Water Accounts Tools
Creation of a "system"
open
shared
documented
easy to proof
easy to update
It means:
on the web
SQL standard
in a non-proprietary
(free) format
using URI/URL to
identify things
Use of different data sources with (very)
different data formats
Use well defined procedure for data elaboration
Combine heterogeneous data (temporal and
spatial scale)
Make easy a constant update of the tables
Water Accounts: additional issues

37. Abstraction data
Water Accounts: additional issues

39. Platform independent
Data access: SQL standard
GeoNetwork platform for metadata management
Compatibility with a list of desktop/server GIS tools
Water Accounts: addtional issues

40. MOBIDIC
Hydrologic model
Water Accounts: climate change impact evaluation
Fully distributed, physical based
parameters

41. Climate
change
scenarios
Water Accounts: climate change impact evaluation

42. Water Accounts: climate change impact evaluation

43. Testing
measure's
effects
in a climate
change
scenario
Water Accounts: climate change impact evaluation

44. Thank you!
www.adbarno.it
pawa.emwis.net
www.appenninosettentrionale.it
Grant Agreement No.
07.0329/2013/671279/SUB/ENV.
C.1
Disclaimer. The views expressed in
this presentation do not necessarily
reflect the views of the European
Commission