Abdul Ghafar Hotak

1. Crafting Your Outline
By: Abdul Ghafar Hotak

2. Prewrite, How to Prewrite
• Prewrite: Is the first stage during which the writer needs to consider
three main factors: topic, audience, and purpose ( Is what you do to
prepare your self for producing your paper. Begins with
brainstorming, thinking about your research has thought you, and
organizing it into an outline).
• How To Prewrite?
 Find a quiet place.
 Remove all the thing that interrupt you (Phone, IPad …)
 Take a time to note every thing you know about your topic.
 Record your thoughts in the way that is most comfortable for you.
 Do not edit yourself. (spelling and grammar).

3. Making List
• Make a list of ideas or information in order to compare and contrast
them or to categories them.
• How to Organize your list?
 List the most important things you learned in your research.
 Leave place for adding more information latter.
 Review the list
 Check if the list include all the key points you learned in research.
 Change the order of items to ensure that the most important
information is at the top.

4. Making Charts
• Bobble Charts
How to Create a Bubble Chart
 Write your topic in the middle of paper.
 Think of the most interesting things you learned about it.
 Write those things down, circling the topic to look like a “bubble.”
 As you think of more and more things, keep writing them down,
circling the topic.
 When you are finished, draw lines or arrows between bubbles with
related information to point out common themes, ideas, arguments,
and relationships.

5. Venn Diagram
• Venn diagrams, on
the other hand,
shows overlapping
themes and facts.
They show
commonalities and
differences that can
be used to make
comparisons and
contrasts.

6. Creating an Outline
An outline allows you to begin to structure your information in the
order you will present it in your paper. Outlining begins with a review
of the lists, charts, or diagrams you created as prewriting exercises.
How to Organize Your Outline?
 Identify a thesis and list it as your main point.
 In order of their importance, list the most interesting points from
your research that support the thesis.
 Use the white space under each point to list the evidence that
supports that point.
 Edit your list.
 List your points in order of importance.
 Add a final point identifying the conclusion you want your readers
to draw from the evidence
 Under it, list the reasons why.

7. Identifying Thesis
 The thesis is arguably the most important sentence in the
 Paper.
 The purpose of producing a working thesis for an outline is to get
you started.
 This working thesis should be different from the subject, or
 topic, of your paper.
 A good thesis includes the most important information your reader
should know. It may identify key themes or state a position,
hypothesis, theory, opinion, or point of view that the paper is
designed to defend.

8. Tips for Writing a Successful Thesis Statements
 The thesis should make a strong point about your topic; it
 should not simply name a topic.
 The thesis should express a proposition, opinion, or point
 of view. It should not simply repeat facts or summarize
 findings.
 The thesis should be specific. It should avoid universal statements
and absolute or words such as “everyone,” “everything,” “good,” or
“successful.”
 The thesis should show readers why they should care
 about the subject. It should catch their interest and
 encourage them to read to the end.