Clostridium titani & cl.botulinum is shorty described in presentation. Hope you will like it. Created By :- Himanshu R. Pardeshi Arvind Gavali College Of Pharmacy, Satara. Second Year, B-Pharm.

1. 1By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

2. To Study Morphology, pathogenesis, clinical
features , treatment & prevention of :
 Clostridium tetani
 Clostridium bolutinum
2By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

3. 3By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

4. Distributed in soil, & grows in intestine of
humans and horses.
Size : 5µm x 0.5 µm
Shape : slender rods with parallel sides &
rounded ends with spherical terminal spores
(drumstick)
Non-Specific, gram positive, Motile, forms
spore.
4By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

5. Obligate anaerobe ,
at 37°C
Grows on ordinary
media, and
improved when
blood or serum is
included in agar
media.
On Blood agar it has
tendency to swarm
over the surface.
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7. It grows in the wounds in anaerobic condition
as a consequence, toxin is liberated there.
The toxin travels along the nerves to reach
the nervous system and produces tetanus by
two ways :
 By Blocking acetylcholine at myoneural junc.
 Countering inhibitory influences on muscle reflex.
Thus lowers the lower motor activity leads to
muscle rigidity & spasm
Once toxin reaches the spinal cord the toxin
can no longer be neutralised by antitoxin.
7By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

8. Removal of
inhibitory
influences on ANS
causes increased
autonomic activity
such as
tachycardia
sweating &
hypotension
8By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

9. Incubation period :5-15 days/ longer
Stage of rigidity: Stiff jaws. Further spreads
to neck within 24 hrs.
Stage of spasm :Painfull contractions devlop
within muscles due to rigidity of spasm.
Period is called as ‘period of onset’.
The spasms causes the grimacing of the face
and arching of neck and back, & even causes
respiratory failure.
In mild cases only spasm over localised area
become rigid.
9By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

10. Immunoglobin
20,000 IU.
Sedation: Diazapam
used to control mild
spasm
Fluid and
electrolyte balance
is imp.
Neonatal-Unique
problem in
developing
countries.
10By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

11. Immunisation with tetanus toxoid provides
protection for atleast ten years/ longer.
Universal childhood immunisation with 3
primary dose followed by boosters at school
entry and leaving in developing counteries.
Wounds should be thoroughly cleaned and
foreign bodies or dead bodies must removed.
Penicillin for contaminated wounds may
reduce likelihood of tetanus.
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12. 12By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

13. Occurs in soil,
veges, hay & silage
Gram positive of
5µm x 1µm in size.
Non-capsulated &
motile by
peritrichate
flagelle.
Produces buldging
spores.
Obligate anaerobe
at 35°C
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14. Resistant to heat
survives for
several hours at
100°C.
14By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

15. Produces powerful exotoxin responsible for
its pathogenicity. This toxin is pure
crystalline protien & probably is the most
toxic substance known to humans.
Normally occurs in inactive form and is
probably converted to active toxins by action
of proteolytic enzyme.
Its toxin acts as neurotoxin, blocking the
action of acetylcholine at synapses &
neuromuscular junctions & leads to paralysis.
Death occurs due to respiratory paralysis.
15By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

16. •In food poisoning
botulism, after
incubation period there
is onset of vomiting,
tiredness, thirst &
bulbar & ocular muscle
paralysis.
•Followed by flacid
paralysis of limb &
trunk muscles & Death
due to respiratory
failure .
•In Infants: Severe with
occurrence of difficulty in
feeding.
16By- Himanshu R Pardeshi

17. Its activity can be neutralised by specific
antitoxin.
Standard Canning to prevent occurrence of
botulism; most of the out breaks are due to
inadequate home preservation of food.
In home preservation it should be pressure
cooked or should be boiled for 20 minutes.
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18. 18By- Himanshu R Pardeshi