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Karad (कराड)
Yashwantnagari
City
Karad
Location in Maharashtra, India
Coordinates: 17.285°N 74.184°E
Country India
State Maharashtra
District Satara
Karad
Karad is a city in Satara district in the southern part of Indian state of Maharashtra and it is 320 km (180.19 miles)
from Mumbai and 159 km from Pune. It lies at the confluence of Koyna River and the Krishna River known as the
"Priti sangam". The two rivers originate at Mahabaleshwar (famous hill station in Satara- Maharashtra), which is
around 100 km from Karad. They diverge at their origin, and travel for about the same distance to meet again in
Karad. The rivers meet exactly head on, thus forming letter "T" which is the only head on confluence in the world.
Hence Krishna and Koyna river's confluence is called Preeti Sangam, meaning Confluence of Love. Karad is well
known for sugar production and is known as the sugar bowl of Maharashtra owing to the presence of many sugar
factories in and around Karad. It is considered as an important educational hub in Western Maharashtra due to the
presence of many prestigious educational institutes. This place is also known for resting place or (Samadhi) of the first
chief minister of Maharashtra Shri. Yashwantrao Chavan situated at the confluence of Krishna and Koyana river.
Karad has an adjoining small town named Malkapur, Karad which has its own municipal council and a population of
31,671. Karad city was awarded a prize under "Sant Gadagebaba Gramswachhata Abhiyan" started by Indian
Government.
The pin code of Karad is 415 110, Karad have independent Regional Transport officer ( R.T.O), Karad, Satara Rural.
The RTO code for karad RTO is MH50.
History
Features
Geography
Tourism
Cityscape
Demographics
Transportation
National Highways
Airport
Railways
Karad
(कराड)
Coordinates: 17.285°N 74.184°E
Contents
Government
• Body Municipal Council
Elevation 566 m (1,857 ft)
Population (2017)
• Total 85,550 (town +
surrounding areas)
117,221 (including
Malkapur)
Demonym(s) Karadkar
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN 415110
Telephone
code
+91-2164
Vehicle
registration
MH-50
Economy
Education
Culture
Performing arts
Literature
Museums and historic areas
Yashwantrao Chavan Agricultural, Industrial and Cattle show
Sports
Notable people
References
External links
It was originally known as "Karhatak", meaning "Elephant Market". Karad is also a city of historical importance. According to Mahabharata, Sahadeva one
of the Pandavas lived in the city also known to be pious as Lord Rama stepped his feet on this land.[1] Located to the south west of Karad is Karad Caves.[2]
The first capital of the Shilaharas was probably at Karad during the reign of Jatiga-II as known from their copper plate grant of Miraj and
Vikramankadevacharita of Bilhana. Hence sometimes they are referred as 'Shilaharas of Karad'. The capital was later shifted to Kolhapur. Among the Silaharas
of Kolhapur who ruled over Satara and Belganv districts from 1000 to 1215 A. D., Gonka deserves mention here, as he is described as the Lord of Karhad
(Karad), Mairifvja (Miraj) and Konkan.[3]
Major landmarks in the city include Kolhapur Naka, MSRTC Bus Stand, Krishna Naka, Karve Naka, Jama Masjid, Chawdi Chowk, Krishna Ghat, Historical
Manora, Bhaji Mandai, Bheda Hospital Chowk, Town Hall, 10,000-capacity Chhatrapati Shivaji Stadium (cricket, football), Krishna Canal Chowk, Vidyanagar,
Yashwant Highschool, Cottage (Venutai Chavan) Hospital, Dutta Chowk, Kanya Shala, Tilak Highschool and Holy Family Convent School in Vidyanagar
among others.
Karad is located at .[4] It has an average elevation of 566 metres (1856 feet). Karad is located near Agashiva caves . It
has been referred in great epic Mahabharata. It has the shape of an "Aum" (Devanagari) when viewed aerially.
History
Features
Geography
17.28°N 74.2°E 17.237506°N 74.15205°E
Tourism
Karad
Some famous tourist places in and around Karad are:
Preeti Sangam (Krishna-Koyna Confluence) ➤ Approx 2 km
Krishnamai Temple ➤ Approx 2 km
[Udyan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pritisangam%7CPritisangam)] ➤ Approx 2 km
Late Yashwantrao Chavan's Samadhi ➤ Approx 2 km
Historical Monument 'Manore' (2 Minars) ➤ Approx 2 km
Naktya Ravlyachi Vihir (Ancient Well) ➤ Approx 2 km
Masjid Built by Sultan Ali Adilshah (1557- 1580) ➤ Approx 2 km
Sadashivgad ➤ Approx 5 km
Khodshi Dam ➤ Approx 5 km
Agashiv Caves ➤ Approx 5 km
Vasantgad ➤ Approx 15 km
Talbid (Ram Mandir) ➤ Approx 15 km
Sar-Senapati Hambirrao Mohite Samadhi ➤ Approx 15 km
Chauranginath Temple, Sonsal ➤ Approx 20 km
Ramling Bet, Bahe ➤ Approx 30 km
Shri Khandoba Devsthan, Pal ➤ Approx 30 km
Ram Mandir Chaphal ➤ Approx 30 km
Yamai Mandir, Aundh ➤ Approx 35 km
Uttarmand Dam ➤ Approx 35 km
Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary ➤ Approx 30 km
Valmiki Temple & Big Wild Area ➤ Approx 45 km
Chandoli Dam ➤ Approx 50 km
Koyna Dam ➤ Approx 60 km
Nawja Waterfall ➤ Approx 65 km
Some famous points near Satara : ( Km From Karad )
Ganesh Temple, Angapur ➤ Approx 40 km
Tuljabhavani Temple, Shendre ➤ Approx 45 km
Charbhinti ➤ Approx 60 km
Ajinkyatara ➤ Approx 60 km
Karad
Yavateshvar ➤ Approx 60 km
Sajjangad ➤ Approx 65 km
Ganesh Temple, Phutka Talav ➤ Approx 65 km
Sangam Mahuli ➤ Approx 60 km
Chalkewadi Wind Mills ➤ Approx 75 km
Pateshwar ➤ Approx 75 km
Kaas Plateau ➤ Approx 75 km
Thoseghar Waterfall ➤ Approx 75 km
Vajrai Waterfall ➤ Approx 85 km
Baramatyachi Vihir ➤ Approx 85 km
The city boasts many important government offices and other institutions of significance. With the vision of great leader
P.D. Patil the city was one of the few in India to have a well- planned underground drainage system well before in the
1960s. By end-2010, Malkapur, Karad, on the outskirts of the city of Karad, is delivering water 24x7 to all its residents as a
result of concrete steps taken by the Malkapur Nagar Panchayat (MNP) with support from the Maharashtra Jeevan
Pradhikaran (MJP), a state government entity. This is the first of its kind by a public body in India. Major offices and
institutions in Karad are as follows:
Karad Court, Karad
Diwani -Foujdari Court, Karad
Doordarshan Kendra, Karad
Fire- Brigade, Karad
Division Office, Karad
Tehsil Office, Karad
Khashaba Chounk
Panchayat Samiti, Karad
Government Rest House, Karad
City Police Station, Karad
Taluka Police Station, Karad
Head Post Office, Karad
Railway Station, Karad
Airport, Karad
MSRTC Depot, Karad
Cityscape
Cottage Hospital, Karad
RTO Office, Karad
Taswade MIDC, Karad
Nagarpalika, Karad
Town Hall, Karad
As of 2011 India census,[5] Karad town and surrounding villages had total population of 74,355. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%.
Karad has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 72%. In Karad, 11% of the
population is under 6 years of age. People from different cultures live here but vast majority belong to Hinduism and Speak Marathi language.
The National Highway 48 (formerly National Highway 4) goes through the Karad city. National Highway 48 (NH 48) is a major National Highway in Western
and Southern India. NH 48 links four of the 10 most populous Indian cities - Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai and Pune. NH 48 also connects Karad to Kolhapur.
Pune is the largest metropolis near Karad and Kolhapur is an important trade centre and educational hub for IIT training and a tourist destination.
An Airstrip was constructed in the 1955 by the Public Works Department to facilitate the Koyna dam project. It is currently being used for General aviation and
pilot training. The airport is spread on 65 acres and the acquisition of more than 100 acres has been proposed. Runway 10/28 is 1280 meters long and
30 meters wide with a 60 meter by 60 meter apron. No navigational aids nor night landing facilities are available on the airstrip. The State run Maharashtra
Airport Development Company (MADC) plans to extend the 1,250 meters airstrip by another 1,500 m and widen it by 150 m. Besides this nearest airports are
Pune Airport, and Kolhapur Airport (under construction) which will start functioning in 2018-19
Karad – 4 km from city
Karad has railway station situated near ogalewadi about 04 km distance on the Karad Vita road from Karad Bus stand. Karad is onroute from Mumbai to
Miraj, Sangli, Kolhapur, and Bangalore (some trains). You can reach Karad from Mumbai or Pune easily by road or rail (Mahalaxmi Express, Koyna
Express,"Goa Express", Sahyadri Express or Chalukya Express).
Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu has allocated funds for a plan to build a new 112 km railway line between Karad and Chiplun.
Demographics
Transportation
National Highways
Airport
Railways
Nearest railway junction
Miraj – 72 km
All super-fast trains like the Karnataka Sampark Kranti, Deekshaboomi Express, Rani Chenama Express, Haripriya Express and Miraj Hubli Express stop
at Miraj Junction. You can take private cars or MSRTC buses from Miraj to Karad. Travel time from Miraj to Karad is Approx.roximately 1 hour 15 minutes.
Railway Time Table Karad
Towards Miraj
No. Train No. Train Name Train Type Day Departure time
01 11097 Pune – Ernakulam Poorna Express Sun 01.45 Am
02 11023 Mumbai – Kolhapur Sahyadri Express Daily 02.55 Am
03 17318 Dadar - Hubli (From 1 Jul 2020 ) Hubballi Express Daily 04.00 Am
04 17411 Mumbai - Kolhapur Mahalaxmi Express Daily 04.08 Am
05 11021 Dadar - Tirunelveli Tirunelveli Express Sun, Wed, Thu 04.55 Am
06 11035 Dadar – Mysore Sharavati Express Fri 04.55 Am
07 11005 Dadar - Puducherry Puducherry Express Mon, Tue, Sat 04.55 Am
08 51441 Satara – Kolhapur Passenger Daily 06.40 Am
09 16209 Ajmer – Mysore All Mysore Express Mon, Sat 08.10 Am
10 16505 Gandhidham – Bangalore GIMB SBC Bangalore Express Wed 08.10 Am
11 16507 Jodhpur – Bangalore JU SBC Bangalore Express Sun, Fri 08.10 Am
12 16531 Ajmer – Bangalore SBC Garib Nawaz Express Tue 08.10 Am
13 11040 Gondia – Kolhapur Maharashtra Express Daily 09.20 Am
14 12148 Nizamuddin – Kolhapur Nizamuddin Express Fri 01.10 Pm
15 01664 Habibganj - Dharwad Dharwad Express Sat 01.10 Pm
16 12782 Nizamuddin – Mysore Swarnajayani Express Tue 01.10 Pm
17 51409 Pune – Kolhapur Passenger Daily 03.56 Pm
18 11029 Mumbai – Kolhapur Koyna Express Daily 05.25 Pm
19 12780 Nizamuddin – Vasco Goa Express Daily 08.20 Pm
11040 Express Train Splits at Bhusawal >> Gondia = Gorakhpur
Information by: updated In March 2020
Towards Pune
No. Train No. Train Name Train Type Day Departure time
01 11098 Ernakulam – Pune Poorna Express Tue 00.13 Am
02 11024 Kolhapur – Mumbai Sahyadri Express Daily 01.22 Am
03 01663 Dharwad - Habibganj Habibganj Express Sun 06.05 Am
04 51410 Kolhapur – Pune Passenger Daily 07.58 Am
05 11030 Kolhapur – Mumbai Koyna Express Daily 10.42 Am
06 12147 Kolhapur – Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Express Tue 11.37 Am
07 12781 Mysore – Nizamuddin Swarnajayani Express Sat 11.37 Am
08 16210 Mysore – Ajmer Ajmer Express Wed, Fri 02.00 Pm
09 16506 Bangalore – Gandhidham Gandhidham Express Sun 02.00 Pm
10 16508 Bangalore - Jodhpur Jodhpur Express Tue, Thu 02.00 Pm
11 16532 Bangalore – Ajmer Garib Nawaz Express Sat 02.00 Pm
12 11039 Kolhapur - Gondia Maharashtra Express Daily 06.10 Pm
13 51442 Kolhapur – Satara Passenger Daily 08.16 Pm
14 11006 Puducherry - Dadar Chalukya Express Mon, Wed, Thu 10.10 Pm
15 11022 Tirunelveli - Dadar Chalukya Express Tue, Fri, Sat 10.10 Pm
16 11036 Mysore – Dadar Sharavati Express Sun 10.10 Pm
17 17317 Hubli - Dadar(From 1 Jul 2020) Dadar Express Daily 10.36 Pm
18 11012 Kolhapur - Mumbai Mahalaxmi Express Daily 11.05 Pm
19 12779 Vasco – Nizamuddin Goa Express Daily 11.37 Pm
11039 Express Train Splits at Bhusawal >> Kolhapur = Gorakhpur
Information updated In March 2020
Karad has the Taswade MIDC in its vicinity which boasts many industries giving employment to people in the Satara District. Karad has the presence of
Emerson Climate Technologies and Pidilite Industries Ltd. Karad is famous for its Jaggery and Cattle markets in entire Maharashtra. Jaggery of very high
quality is manufactured and traded here. Such quality of jaggery is rarely available and is one of the best in the world. Chikki named after an Indian dessert is
one of the special jaggery which is used as a key ingredient during the Indian festival of Makar Sankaranti. There is a big market yard where various
commodities are traded and the geographical location of the city add to its benefit since it is known as the gateway to Konkan region from Western
Maharashtra. Karad is well known for sugar production and is known as the sugar bowl of Maharashtra owing to the presence of many sugar factories in and
around Karad.
Economy
High schools
Holy Family Convent High School is amongst the most prominent English medium schools in the city. Tilak High School for boys and Kanya Prashala for girls
are among the top Marathi/Semi-English medium schools.
Sadguru Gadage Maharaj (SGM) Prathamik Shala, Vidyanagar, Karad.
Shri Shivaji Vidyalaya, Karad.
Shri Shivaji Vidyalaya, Masur.
Shri Shivaji Vidyalaya, Karve.
Maharashtra High School, Karad.
Holy Family Convent High School, Vidyanagar, Karad.
Adarsh Primary School, Karad.
Deshbhakta Bhikoba Approx.aji Salunkhe Vidyalaya, Kival.
Venutai English Medium School, Karad.
Keshavrao Pawar English Medium School, Karad.
Yashwant High School, Karad.
Vithamata High School, Karad.
Tilak High School, Karad.
Kanya Prashala, Karad.
Anandrao Chavan high School, Karad.
Sant Tukaram High School, Karad.
Saraswati Vidya Mandir, Karad.
Palkar Highschool, Karad.
S.M.S English Medium School, Karad.
KCT's Krishna English Medium, Malkapur, Karad.
Husen Kasam Danekari Anglo Urdu High School, Karad.
Shaheen Urdu Medium School, Karad (Primary).
Shaheen Urdu Medium School, Karad.
Star English School, Karad.
Rotary School, Malkapur, Karad.
Kalyani English Medium School, Karad.
Podar International School, Karad.
Education
Bachpan English Medium School, Karad.
Anandrao Chavan Vidyalaya, Malkapur, Karad.
Engineering colleges
ligade-patil science jr college, karad.
Government College of Engineering, Karad
Government Polytechnic, Karad. are amongst the best engineering and polytechnic colleges in the state of Maharashtra.
Central Government's Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, Karad (Coming soon).
Government College of Engineering, Karad.
Dr. Daulatrao Aher College of Engineering, Karad.
Shri Santkrupa College of Engineering, Ghogaoan, Karad.
Dadasaheb Mokashi College of Engineering, Karad.
Architecture College
Smt Premalatai Chavan College of Architecture, Karad.
Arts, Science, and Commerce colleges
Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad
Venutai Chavan Art, Commerce college, Karad
Sadguru Gadge Maharaj (SGM) Arts, Science, Commerce College, Karad
Anandrao Chavan Arts, Science, Commerce College, Karad
Shikshan Maharashi Bapuji Salunkhe Arts, Science, Commerce College, Karad
Mahila Maha Vidyalaya Arts, Science, Commerce College, Karad
KCT's Jr. College of Science Malkapur, Karad.
Vithamata Vidyalaya and Junior College, Karad
Polytechnic colleges
Government Polytechnic, Karad
Premalatai Chavan Polytechnic, Karad
Doulatrao Aher Polytechnic, Karad
Dadasaheb Mokashi Polytechnic, Sadashivgad, Karad
Shivajirao Desai Polytechnic, Daulatnagar, Patan, Karad
Shri SanShri Santtkrupa Polytechnic, Ghogaoan, Karad
Ramrao Nikam Polytechnic, Indoli, Karad
KIMS Karad
Chatrapati Shahu Polytechnic, Atit
Other colleges
Government Pharmacy College, Karad
Government Agriculture college, Karad
Government ITI, Karad
Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad
Bharati Vidyapeeth Law College, Karad
Yashavantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad
Mahila College, Karad
Late Advv. Dadasaheb Chavan College of Pharmacy, Masur Karad
Vishwakarma-Dadasaheb Chavan Institute of Management & Research, Malwadi, Masur, Karad
Ligade-Patil Junior College of Science, Vidyanagar, Karad
IIJT Institute, Karad
Sunbeam Institute (CDAC's authorized Center )
Shri Santkrupa Pharmacy College, Karad
Dadasaheb Mokashi Food Managenant College, Karad
•Jaywant International School, Wathar
The city has a major hall for cultural activities and exhibitions: Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial - Town Hall. Cultural events of various organizations and
gatherings of schools are also held here. Many theatre artists have been flashed at the National Level from this place. The "Venutai Chavan Hall" is used for
classical concerts, conducting national and international seminars on topics like science, space, traditions, culture, spirituality, etc.
Karad has a tradition of literature lovers. The prestigious 76th Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan was held at banks of Krishna river in Karad in
2003.[6]
Culture
Performing arts
Literature
Museums and historic areas
In the honor of his contribution to building modern Maharashtra a small visiting museum is created in the residence of Late Shri Yashwantrao Chavan in
Karad. An ancient well, named Naktya Rawalyachi Vihir is located near Krishna river in Karad which shows the well planned construction techniques followed
during the ancient times.
The late Yashwantrao Chavan Agricultural, Industrial and Cattle Show is mega regional Agricultural event of global standards held at Karad, by Krishi
Uttpanna Bajar Samiti Karad since 2001. The event of around 500 exhibitors provides an excellent platform under one roof for showcasing the latest
technology in agriculture, poultry and livestock, dairy, agro services and food processing and technology etc.
1. Wrestling: India's first individual Olympics medal winner Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav is from village Goleshwar-Karad.
2. Cricket: Shivaji Cricket Stadium is renowned for holding two Ranji Trophy matches.
3. Badminton: Indoor Badminton Court facility is available at Shivaji Stadium and Social Club Karad.
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar (1856–1895), social reformer and newspaper editor born in Tembhu.
Khashaba Jadhav (15 January 1926 – 14 August 1984) Born in a very poor farming family at Goleshwar Tal. Karad, the only individual Olympic Medal
Winner for India until 2000. He won India's first individual Olympic medal by winning the Bronze medal on 23 July 1952, in the 1952 Helsinki Olympic
Games for wrestling in bantamweight, which is the unbeaten record for India in wrestling until today. In 1993, Maharashtra State awarded him the Shiv
Chhattrapati Award posthumously. In 2001, the Central Government also awarded him the Arjuna Award posthumously.[7]
Yashwantrao Chavan (12 March 1913 – 25 November 1984), an eminent Congress party politician, hailed from Karad. He was the first Chief Minister of
Maharashtra and also served as the defence minister, finance minister, home minister, foreign affairs minister, and as the Deputy Prime Minister of India
and became the first and only person from Maharashtra to hold this political post.
P.D. Patil : One of the most important person in Karad city, he is responsible for the futuristic development of Karad at his time. He is a record holder for
most terms served as mayor in Karad for 45 years. He also envisioned and laid out the plans for advance sewage system, which became a corner-stone in
urban development in 1960's and 1970's.
Prithviraj Chavan: He was the 17th Chief Minister of Maharashtra. Chavan served as the Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office in the Ministry of
Parliamentary Affairs and Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions. Chavan was also General Secretary of the All-India Congress
Committee (AICC), in-charge of many states, including Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Haryana, Gujarat, Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh.
Shrinivas Vinayak Kulkarni:
Noted Marathi Author. His books 'Doh', 'Sonyacha Pimpal', 'Panyache Pankh'and'Kordi Bhiksha' are considered milestones in Marathi literature. He has been
awarded with Best literature awards by Govt of Maharashtra, Maharashtra Foundation (USA), Yashwantrao Chavan Karad Pratishthan etc.
Yashwantrao Chavan Agricultural, Industrial and Cattle show
Sports
Notable people
Shrinivas Vinayak Kulkarni ( (C)
Shekhar Godbole)
Prakash Narayan Sant: (mr: काश_नारायण_संत) Noted Marathi author. His character 'Lampan' is a notorious but
sensitive and smart child residing in Belgaum among his relatives and neighbours speaking Marathi language of
Kannada flavour. His books include 'Vanvas', 'Sharadasangeet', 'Zumbar', 'Pankha', 'Chandanyacha Rasta'.
● Shriniwas patil :-Shriniwas Patil (born 11 April 1941) is the Member of Lok Sabha from the Satara constituency in
Maharashtra, India.[1] He is also the former Governor of Sikkim, India.[2] He was a member of the 13th and 14th Lok
Sabha of India, from 1999 to 2009. He represented the Karad constituency of Maharashtra and is a member of the
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP). He is a former Indian Administrative Service officer. He was elected as Member of
Parliament for the third time by defeating former Member of Parliament Udayanraje Bhosale by over 87,000 votes in
October 2019 Bypolls.
1. "Hindu Temple in Karad, India" (http://www.mygola.com/karad-d1011495/hindu-temple). Mygola.com. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
2. Ahir, D. C. (2003). Buddhist sites and shrines in India : history, art, and architecture (1. ed.). Delhi: Sri Satguru Publ. p. 197. ISBN 8170307740.
3. [Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. IV, p. 281, Sanskrit Transcript.]
4. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Karad (http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/16/Karad.html)
5. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://
www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999). Census Commission of India. Archived from the original (http://www.censusindia.net/results/t
own.php?stad=A&state5=999) on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
6. "मुथा यांचे 'मराठी सािह संमेलनाची िनवडणूक : एक द ऐवज' लवकरच" (https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/MAG-bhushan-deshmukh-artical-on-akhil-bhatiya-
marathi-sahitya-sammelan-elaction-4487032-NOR.html). Divya Marathi (in Marathi). Retrieved 10 October 2019.
7. "Prominent Personalities" (http://www.satara.nic.in/htmldocs/prominet_personalities2.htm) District Satara.Web
Slide Show Video About Karad (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2gubJqimsU)
Facebook Page ( ???? ???? ) (https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100004085075006)
Satara Goes Global (https://web.archive.org/web/20100504043234/http://insatara.in/)
Satara district website (https://web.archive.org/web/20140516190446/http://satara.nic.in/)
karaddiary (http://www.karaddary.com/)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karad&oldid=1013722682"
This page was last edited on 23 March 2021, at 02:50.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is
a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
References
External links

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Karad wikipedia

  • 1. Karad (कराड) Yashwantnagari City Karad Location in Maharashtra, India Coordinates: 17.285°N 74.184°E Country India State Maharashtra District Satara Karad Karad is a city in Satara district in the southern part of Indian state of Maharashtra and it is 320 km (180.19 miles) from Mumbai and 159 km from Pune. It lies at the confluence of Koyna River and the Krishna River known as the "Priti sangam". The two rivers originate at Mahabaleshwar (famous hill station in Satara- Maharashtra), which is around 100 km from Karad. They diverge at their origin, and travel for about the same distance to meet again in Karad. The rivers meet exactly head on, thus forming letter "T" which is the only head on confluence in the world. Hence Krishna and Koyna river's confluence is called Preeti Sangam, meaning Confluence of Love. Karad is well known for sugar production and is known as the sugar bowl of Maharashtra owing to the presence of many sugar factories in and around Karad. It is considered as an important educational hub in Western Maharashtra due to the presence of many prestigious educational institutes. This place is also known for resting place or (Samadhi) of the first chief minister of Maharashtra Shri. Yashwantrao Chavan situated at the confluence of Krishna and Koyana river. Karad has an adjoining small town named Malkapur, Karad which has its own municipal council and a population of 31,671. Karad city was awarded a prize under "Sant Gadagebaba Gramswachhata Abhiyan" started by Indian Government. The pin code of Karad is 415 110, Karad have independent Regional Transport officer ( R.T.O), Karad, Satara Rural. The RTO code for karad RTO is MH50. History Features Geography Tourism Cityscape Demographics Transportation National Highways Airport Railways Karad (कराड) Coordinates: 17.285°N 74.184°E Contents
  • 2. Government • Body Municipal Council Elevation 566 m (1,857 ft) Population (2017) • Total 85,550 (town + surrounding areas) 117,221 (including Malkapur) Demonym(s) Karadkar Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST) PIN 415110 Telephone code +91-2164 Vehicle registration MH-50 Economy Education Culture Performing arts Literature Museums and historic areas Yashwantrao Chavan Agricultural, Industrial and Cattle show Sports Notable people References External links It was originally known as "Karhatak", meaning "Elephant Market". Karad is also a city of historical importance. According to Mahabharata, Sahadeva one of the Pandavas lived in the city also known to be pious as Lord Rama stepped his feet on this land.[1] Located to the south west of Karad is Karad Caves.[2] The first capital of the Shilaharas was probably at Karad during the reign of Jatiga-II as known from their copper plate grant of Miraj and Vikramankadevacharita of Bilhana. Hence sometimes they are referred as 'Shilaharas of Karad'. The capital was later shifted to Kolhapur. Among the Silaharas of Kolhapur who ruled over Satara and Belganv districts from 1000 to 1215 A. D., Gonka deserves mention here, as he is described as the Lord of Karhad (Karad), Mairifvja (Miraj) and Konkan.[3] Major landmarks in the city include Kolhapur Naka, MSRTC Bus Stand, Krishna Naka, Karve Naka, Jama Masjid, Chawdi Chowk, Krishna Ghat, Historical Manora, Bhaji Mandai, Bheda Hospital Chowk, Town Hall, 10,000-capacity Chhatrapati Shivaji Stadium (cricket, football), Krishna Canal Chowk, Vidyanagar, Yashwant Highschool, Cottage (Venutai Chavan) Hospital, Dutta Chowk, Kanya Shala, Tilak Highschool and Holy Family Convent School in Vidyanagar among others. Karad is located at .[4] It has an average elevation of 566 metres (1856 feet). Karad is located near Agashiva caves . It has been referred in great epic Mahabharata. It has the shape of an "Aum" (Devanagari) when viewed aerially. History Features Geography 17.28°N 74.2°E 17.237506°N 74.15205°E Tourism
  • 3. Karad Some famous tourist places in and around Karad are: Preeti Sangam (Krishna-Koyna Confluence) ➤ Approx 2 km Krishnamai Temple ➤ Approx 2 km [Udyan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pritisangam%7CPritisangam)] ➤ Approx 2 km Late Yashwantrao Chavan's Samadhi ➤ Approx 2 km Historical Monument 'Manore' (2 Minars) ➤ Approx 2 km Naktya Ravlyachi Vihir (Ancient Well) ➤ Approx 2 km Masjid Built by Sultan Ali Adilshah (1557- 1580) ➤ Approx 2 km Sadashivgad ➤ Approx 5 km Khodshi Dam ➤ Approx 5 km Agashiv Caves ➤ Approx 5 km Vasantgad ➤ Approx 15 km Talbid (Ram Mandir) ➤ Approx 15 km Sar-Senapati Hambirrao Mohite Samadhi ➤ Approx 15 km Chauranginath Temple, Sonsal ➤ Approx 20 km Ramling Bet, Bahe ➤ Approx 30 km Shri Khandoba Devsthan, Pal ➤ Approx 30 km Ram Mandir Chaphal ➤ Approx 30 km Yamai Mandir, Aundh ➤ Approx 35 km Uttarmand Dam ➤ Approx 35 km Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary ➤ Approx 30 km Valmiki Temple & Big Wild Area ➤ Approx 45 km Chandoli Dam ➤ Approx 50 km Koyna Dam ➤ Approx 60 km Nawja Waterfall ➤ Approx 65 km Some famous points near Satara : ( Km From Karad ) Ganesh Temple, Angapur ➤ Approx 40 km Tuljabhavani Temple, Shendre ➤ Approx 45 km Charbhinti ➤ Approx 60 km Ajinkyatara ➤ Approx 60 km
  • 4. Karad Yavateshvar ➤ Approx 60 km Sajjangad ➤ Approx 65 km Ganesh Temple, Phutka Talav ➤ Approx 65 km Sangam Mahuli ➤ Approx 60 km Chalkewadi Wind Mills ➤ Approx 75 km Pateshwar ➤ Approx 75 km Kaas Plateau ➤ Approx 75 km Thoseghar Waterfall ➤ Approx 75 km Vajrai Waterfall ➤ Approx 85 km Baramatyachi Vihir ➤ Approx 85 km The city boasts many important government offices and other institutions of significance. With the vision of great leader P.D. Patil the city was one of the few in India to have a well- planned underground drainage system well before in the 1960s. By end-2010, Malkapur, Karad, on the outskirts of the city of Karad, is delivering water 24x7 to all its residents as a result of concrete steps taken by the Malkapur Nagar Panchayat (MNP) with support from the Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP), a state government entity. This is the first of its kind by a public body in India. Major offices and institutions in Karad are as follows: Karad Court, Karad Diwani -Foujdari Court, Karad Doordarshan Kendra, Karad Fire- Brigade, Karad Division Office, Karad Tehsil Office, Karad Khashaba Chounk Panchayat Samiti, Karad Government Rest House, Karad City Police Station, Karad Taluka Police Station, Karad Head Post Office, Karad Railway Station, Karad Airport, Karad MSRTC Depot, Karad Cityscape
  • 5. Cottage Hospital, Karad RTO Office, Karad Taswade MIDC, Karad Nagarpalika, Karad Town Hall, Karad As of 2011 India census,[5] Karad town and surrounding villages had total population of 74,355. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Karad has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 72%. In Karad, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. People from different cultures live here but vast majority belong to Hinduism and Speak Marathi language. The National Highway 48 (formerly National Highway 4) goes through the Karad city. National Highway 48 (NH 48) is a major National Highway in Western and Southern India. NH 48 links four of the 10 most populous Indian cities - Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai and Pune. NH 48 also connects Karad to Kolhapur. Pune is the largest metropolis near Karad and Kolhapur is an important trade centre and educational hub for IIT training and a tourist destination. An Airstrip was constructed in the 1955 by the Public Works Department to facilitate the Koyna dam project. It is currently being used for General aviation and pilot training. The airport is spread on 65 acres and the acquisition of more than 100 acres has been proposed. Runway 10/28 is 1280 meters long and 30 meters wide with a 60 meter by 60 meter apron. No navigational aids nor night landing facilities are available on the airstrip. The State run Maharashtra Airport Development Company (MADC) plans to extend the 1,250 meters airstrip by another 1,500 m and widen it by 150 m. Besides this nearest airports are Pune Airport, and Kolhapur Airport (under construction) which will start functioning in 2018-19 Karad – 4 km from city Karad has railway station situated near ogalewadi about 04 km distance on the Karad Vita road from Karad Bus stand. Karad is onroute from Mumbai to Miraj, Sangli, Kolhapur, and Bangalore (some trains). You can reach Karad from Mumbai or Pune easily by road or rail (Mahalaxmi Express, Koyna Express,"Goa Express", Sahyadri Express or Chalukya Express). Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu has allocated funds for a plan to build a new 112 km railway line between Karad and Chiplun. Demographics Transportation National Highways Airport Railways
  • 6. Nearest railway junction Miraj – 72 km All super-fast trains like the Karnataka Sampark Kranti, Deekshaboomi Express, Rani Chenama Express, Haripriya Express and Miraj Hubli Express stop at Miraj Junction. You can take private cars or MSRTC buses from Miraj to Karad. Travel time from Miraj to Karad is Approx.roximately 1 hour 15 minutes. Railway Time Table Karad Towards Miraj
  • 7. No. Train No. Train Name Train Type Day Departure time 01 11097 Pune – Ernakulam Poorna Express Sun 01.45 Am 02 11023 Mumbai – Kolhapur Sahyadri Express Daily 02.55 Am 03 17318 Dadar - Hubli (From 1 Jul 2020 ) Hubballi Express Daily 04.00 Am 04 17411 Mumbai - Kolhapur Mahalaxmi Express Daily 04.08 Am 05 11021 Dadar - Tirunelveli Tirunelveli Express Sun, Wed, Thu 04.55 Am 06 11035 Dadar – Mysore Sharavati Express Fri 04.55 Am 07 11005 Dadar - Puducherry Puducherry Express Mon, Tue, Sat 04.55 Am 08 51441 Satara – Kolhapur Passenger Daily 06.40 Am 09 16209 Ajmer – Mysore All Mysore Express Mon, Sat 08.10 Am 10 16505 Gandhidham – Bangalore GIMB SBC Bangalore Express Wed 08.10 Am 11 16507 Jodhpur – Bangalore JU SBC Bangalore Express Sun, Fri 08.10 Am 12 16531 Ajmer – Bangalore SBC Garib Nawaz Express Tue 08.10 Am 13 11040 Gondia – Kolhapur Maharashtra Express Daily 09.20 Am 14 12148 Nizamuddin – Kolhapur Nizamuddin Express Fri 01.10 Pm 15 01664 Habibganj - Dharwad Dharwad Express Sat 01.10 Pm 16 12782 Nizamuddin – Mysore Swarnajayani Express Tue 01.10 Pm 17 51409 Pune – Kolhapur Passenger Daily 03.56 Pm 18 11029 Mumbai – Kolhapur Koyna Express Daily 05.25 Pm 19 12780 Nizamuddin – Vasco Goa Express Daily 08.20 Pm 11040 Express Train Splits at Bhusawal >> Gondia = Gorakhpur Information by: updated In March 2020 Towards Pune
  • 8. No. Train No. Train Name Train Type Day Departure time 01 11098 Ernakulam – Pune Poorna Express Tue 00.13 Am 02 11024 Kolhapur – Mumbai Sahyadri Express Daily 01.22 Am 03 01663 Dharwad - Habibganj Habibganj Express Sun 06.05 Am 04 51410 Kolhapur – Pune Passenger Daily 07.58 Am 05 11030 Kolhapur – Mumbai Koyna Express Daily 10.42 Am 06 12147 Kolhapur – Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Express Tue 11.37 Am 07 12781 Mysore – Nizamuddin Swarnajayani Express Sat 11.37 Am 08 16210 Mysore – Ajmer Ajmer Express Wed, Fri 02.00 Pm 09 16506 Bangalore – Gandhidham Gandhidham Express Sun 02.00 Pm 10 16508 Bangalore - Jodhpur Jodhpur Express Tue, Thu 02.00 Pm 11 16532 Bangalore – Ajmer Garib Nawaz Express Sat 02.00 Pm 12 11039 Kolhapur - Gondia Maharashtra Express Daily 06.10 Pm 13 51442 Kolhapur – Satara Passenger Daily 08.16 Pm 14 11006 Puducherry - Dadar Chalukya Express Mon, Wed, Thu 10.10 Pm 15 11022 Tirunelveli - Dadar Chalukya Express Tue, Fri, Sat 10.10 Pm 16 11036 Mysore – Dadar Sharavati Express Sun 10.10 Pm 17 17317 Hubli - Dadar(From 1 Jul 2020) Dadar Express Daily 10.36 Pm 18 11012 Kolhapur - Mumbai Mahalaxmi Express Daily 11.05 Pm 19 12779 Vasco – Nizamuddin Goa Express Daily 11.37 Pm 11039 Express Train Splits at Bhusawal >> Kolhapur = Gorakhpur Information updated In March 2020 Karad has the Taswade MIDC in its vicinity which boasts many industries giving employment to people in the Satara District. Karad has the presence of Emerson Climate Technologies and Pidilite Industries Ltd. Karad is famous for its Jaggery and Cattle markets in entire Maharashtra. Jaggery of very high quality is manufactured and traded here. Such quality of jaggery is rarely available and is one of the best in the world. Chikki named after an Indian dessert is one of the special jaggery which is used as a key ingredient during the Indian festival of Makar Sankaranti. There is a big market yard where various commodities are traded and the geographical location of the city add to its benefit since it is known as the gateway to Konkan region from Western Maharashtra. Karad is well known for sugar production and is known as the sugar bowl of Maharashtra owing to the presence of many sugar factories in and around Karad. Economy
  • 9. High schools Holy Family Convent High School is amongst the most prominent English medium schools in the city. Tilak High School for boys and Kanya Prashala for girls are among the top Marathi/Semi-English medium schools. Sadguru Gadage Maharaj (SGM) Prathamik Shala, Vidyanagar, Karad. Shri Shivaji Vidyalaya, Karad. Shri Shivaji Vidyalaya, Masur. Shri Shivaji Vidyalaya, Karve. Maharashtra High School, Karad. Holy Family Convent High School, Vidyanagar, Karad. Adarsh Primary School, Karad. Deshbhakta Bhikoba Approx.aji Salunkhe Vidyalaya, Kival. Venutai English Medium School, Karad. Keshavrao Pawar English Medium School, Karad. Yashwant High School, Karad. Vithamata High School, Karad. Tilak High School, Karad. Kanya Prashala, Karad. Anandrao Chavan high School, Karad. Sant Tukaram High School, Karad. Saraswati Vidya Mandir, Karad. Palkar Highschool, Karad. S.M.S English Medium School, Karad. KCT's Krishna English Medium, Malkapur, Karad. Husen Kasam Danekari Anglo Urdu High School, Karad. Shaheen Urdu Medium School, Karad (Primary). Shaheen Urdu Medium School, Karad. Star English School, Karad. Rotary School, Malkapur, Karad. Kalyani English Medium School, Karad. Podar International School, Karad. Education
  • 10. Bachpan English Medium School, Karad. Anandrao Chavan Vidyalaya, Malkapur, Karad. Engineering colleges ligade-patil science jr college, karad. Government College of Engineering, Karad Government Polytechnic, Karad. are amongst the best engineering and polytechnic colleges in the state of Maharashtra. Central Government's Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, Karad (Coming soon). Government College of Engineering, Karad. Dr. Daulatrao Aher College of Engineering, Karad. Shri Santkrupa College of Engineering, Ghogaoan, Karad. Dadasaheb Mokashi College of Engineering, Karad. Architecture College Smt Premalatai Chavan College of Architecture, Karad. Arts, Science, and Commerce colleges Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad Venutai Chavan Art, Commerce college, Karad Sadguru Gadge Maharaj (SGM) Arts, Science, Commerce College, Karad Anandrao Chavan Arts, Science, Commerce College, Karad Shikshan Maharashi Bapuji Salunkhe Arts, Science, Commerce College, Karad Mahila Maha Vidyalaya Arts, Science, Commerce College, Karad KCT's Jr. College of Science Malkapur, Karad. Vithamata Vidyalaya and Junior College, Karad Polytechnic colleges Government Polytechnic, Karad Premalatai Chavan Polytechnic, Karad Doulatrao Aher Polytechnic, Karad Dadasaheb Mokashi Polytechnic, Sadashivgad, Karad Shivajirao Desai Polytechnic, Daulatnagar, Patan, Karad Shri SanShri Santtkrupa Polytechnic, Ghogaoan, Karad Ramrao Nikam Polytechnic, Indoli, Karad
  • 11. KIMS Karad Chatrapati Shahu Polytechnic, Atit Other colleges Government Pharmacy College, Karad Government Agriculture college, Karad Government ITI, Karad Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad Bharati Vidyapeeth Law College, Karad Yashavantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad Mahila College, Karad Late Advv. Dadasaheb Chavan College of Pharmacy, Masur Karad Vishwakarma-Dadasaheb Chavan Institute of Management & Research, Malwadi, Masur, Karad Ligade-Patil Junior College of Science, Vidyanagar, Karad IIJT Institute, Karad Sunbeam Institute (CDAC's authorized Center ) Shri Santkrupa Pharmacy College, Karad Dadasaheb Mokashi Food Managenant College, Karad •Jaywant International School, Wathar The city has a major hall for cultural activities and exhibitions: Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial - Town Hall. Cultural events of various organizations and gatherings of schools are also held here. Many theatre artists have been flashed at the National Level from this place. The "Venutai Chavan Hall" is used for classical concerts, conducting national and international seminars on topics like science, space, traditions, culture, spirituality, etc. Karad has a tradition of literature lovers. The prestigious 76th Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan was held at banks of Krishna river in Karad in 2003.[6] Culture Performing arts Literature Museums and historic areas
  • 12. In the honor of his contribution to building modern Maharashtra a small visiting museum is created in the residence of Late Shri Yashwantrao Chavan in Karad. An ancient well, named Naktya Rawalyachi Vihir is located near Krishna river in Karad which shows the well planned construction techniques followed during the ancient times. The late Yashwantrao Chavan Agricultural, Industrial and Cattle Show is mega regional Agricultural event of global standards held at Karad, by Krishi Uttpanna Bajar Samiti Karad since 2001. The event of around 500 exhibitors provides an excellent platform under one roof for showcasing the latest technology in agriculture, poultry and livestock, dairy, agro services and food processing and technology etc. 1. Wrestling: India's first individual Olympics medal winner Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav is from village Goleshwar-Karad. 2. Cricket: Shivaji Cricket Stadium is renowned for holding two Ranji Trophy matches. 3. Badminton: Indoor Badminton Court facility is available at Shivaji Stadium and Social Club Karad. Gopal Ganesh Agarkar (1856–1895), social reformer and newspaper editor born in Tembhu. Khashaba Jadhav (15 January 1926 – 14 August 1984) Born in a very poor farming family at Goleshwar Tal. Karad, the only individual Olympic Medal Winner for India until 2000. He won India's first individual Olympic medal by winning the Bronze medal on 23 July 1952, in the 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games for wrestling in bantamweight, which is the unbeaten record for India in wrestling until today. In 1993, Maharashtra State awarded him the Shiv Chhattrapati Award posthumously. In 2001, the Central Government also awarded him the Arjuna Award posthumously.[7] Yashwantrao Chavan (12 March 1913 – 25 November 1984), an eminent Congress party politician, hailed from Karad. He was the first Chief Minister of Maharashtra and also served as the defence minister, finance minister, home minister, foreign affairs minister, and as the Deputy Prime Minister of India and became the first and only person from Maharashtra to hold this political post. P.D. Patil : One of the most important person in Karad city, he is responsible for the futuristic development of Karad at his time. He is a record holder for most terms served as mayor in Karad for 45 years. He also envisioned and laid out the plans for advance sewage system, which became a corner-stone in urban development in 1960's and 1970's. Prithviraj Chavan: He was the 17th Chief Minister of Maharashtra. Chavan served as the Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs and Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions. Chavan was also General Secretary of the All-India Congress Committee (AICC), in-charge of many states, including Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Haryana, Gujarat, Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh. Shrinivas Vinayak Kulkarni: Noted Marathi Author. His books 'Doh', 'Sonyacha Pimpal', 'Panyache Pankh'and'Kordi Bhiksha' are considered milestones in Marathi literature. He has been awarded with Best literature awards by Govt of Maharashtra, Maharashtra Foundation (USA), Yashwantrao Chavan Karad Pratishthan etc. Yashwantrao Chavan Agricultural, Industrial and Cattle show Sports Notable people
  • 13. Shrinivas Vinayak Kulkarni ( (C) Shekhar Godbole) Prakash Narayan Sant: (mr: काश_नारायण_संत) Noted Marathi author. His character 'Lampan' is a notorious but sensitive and smart child residing in Belgaum among his relatives and neighbours speaking Marathi language of Kannada flavour. His books include 'Vanvas', 'Sharadasangeet', 'Zumbar', 'Pankha', 'Chandanyacha Rasta'. ● Shriniwas patil :-Shriniwas Patil (born 11 April 1941) is the Member of Lok Sabha from the Satara constituency in Maharashtra, India.[1] He is also the former Governor of Sikkim, India.[2] He was a member of the 13th and 14th Lok Sabha of India, from 1999 to 2009. He represented the Karad constituency of Maharashtra and is a member of the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP). He is a former Indian Administrative Service officer. He was elected as Member of Parliament for the third time by defeating former Member of Parliament Udayanraje Bhosale by over 87,000 votes in October 2019 Bypolls. 1. "Hindu Temple in Karad, India" (http://www.mygola.com/karad-d1011495/hindu-temple). Mygola.com. Retrieved 10 October 2017. 2. Ahir, D. C. (2003). Buddhist sites and shrines in India : history, art, and architecture (1. ed.). Delhi: Sri Satguru Publ. p. 197. ISBN 8170307740. 3. [Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. IV, p. 281, Sanskrit Transcript.] 4. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Karad (http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/16/Karad.html) 5. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http:// www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999). Census Commission of India. Archived from the original (http://www.censusindia.net/results/t own.php?stad=A&state5=999) on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008. 6. "मुथा यांचे 'मराठी सािह संमेलनाची िनवडणूक : एक द ऐवज' लवकरच" (https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/MAG-bhushan-deshmukh-artical-on-akhil-bhatiya- marathi-sahitya-sammelan-elaction-4487032-NOR.html). Divya Marathi (in Marathi). Retrieved 10 October 2019. 7. "Prominent Personalities" (http://www.satara.nic.in/htmldocs/prominet_personalities2.htm) District Satara.Web Slide Show Video About Karad (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2gubJqimsU) Facebook Page ( ???? ???? ) (https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100004085075006) Satara Goes Global (https://web.archive.org/web/20100504043234/http://insatara.in/) Satara district website (https://web.archive.org/web/20140516190446/http://satara.nic.in/) karaddiary (http://www.karaddary.com/) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karad&oldid=1013722682" This page was last edited on 23 March 2021, at 02:50. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. References External links