This document discusses the process of recording jaw relations for removable complete dentures. It covers the three main types of jaw relations - vertical, horizontal, and orientation. Vertical jaw relations establish the amount of jaw separation, horizontal jaw relations establish the front-to-back and side-to-side relations, and orientation jaw relations establish facial references. The document emphasizes the importance of correctly recording the centric relation, as this is the reproducible reference position used to develop occlusion. It describes several methods for recording centric relation, including the interocclusal check record method.

1. Treating Complete Edentulism with
Removable Complete Dentures
Jaw /
Maxillo-mandibular Relations Recording

2. Jaw Relation (MMR):
GPT 9:
Any “Spatial Relationship” of the mandible to
the maxillae; any one of the “Infinite
Relationships” of the mandible to the maxillae.
Classification of JRs:
1. Vertical Jaw Relations (VJR).
2. Horizontal Jaw Relations (HJRs).
3. Orientation Jaw Relation (OJR).

3. Classification of Jaw Relations:
Three Main Types:
Vertical Jaw Relations:
Establish the amount of jaw separation
allowable for use for dentures.

4. Classification of Jaw Relations:
Horizontal Jaw Relations:
Establish front- to-back & side-to-side
relations of one jaw to the other.

5. Classification of Jaw Relations:
Orientation Jaw Relations:
Establish the facial references with the
cranium.

6. Jaw Relations:
Consequences of Incorrect JRs:
Esthetics & phonetics problems.
Dislodgement of CDs.
Tissue Trauma.

7. Jaw Relations Recording:
Satisfactory final impressions, disinfected,
packaged and sent to the laboratory for the
fabrication of:
- Master Casts.
- Trial Denture Bases with Occlusion Rims.

8. Ideal occlusal record base: Check-list:
Strong and rigid.
Accurate & Stable on the cast and in mouth.
Smooth, rounded well polished borders.
Thickness of borders and palate must resemble
those of the finished dentures.
Contour of the denture borders defined by the
land area of the master cast.
Record base must not extend onto land area of
the cast.

9. Check-list (occlusal record base):
Palate be 1-2 mm thick and well adapted.
Retromolar pad area is covered .
Polished peripheries and palate .
No porosity or voids .
Flanges smooth and rounded .
Tissue surfaces well adapted .

15. Occlusal Plane:
Represents the mean of the curvature of
occlusal surfaces of teeth.

16. Occlusal Plane:
Factors affecting orientation of occlusal plane:
Esthetics:
- Height of occlusal plane (anterior).
- Camper’s line (posterior).
- Linea alba (recently edentulous pt).

17. Factors affecting the orientation of Occlusal
plane :
Functions:
- Relation of occlusal plane to lower lip &
tongue:
- Phonetics: Production of F, V, P, B sounds.
- Chewing: Plane is below the greatest
convexity of tongue.

18. Factors affecting the orientation of Occlusal plane :
Parallelism:
O.P is parallel to both ridges.
Anatomical factors
- Upper arch: No specific landmarks posteriorly.
- Lower arch: Corner of the mouth & Retromolar
pad).
- Anterior: Occlusal plane parallel to inter-
pupillary line.
- Posterior: Occlusal plane parallel to ala-tragus
line (Camper’s line).

20. Occlusal Plane:
Camper’s line: runs from inferior border of ala of
nose to superior border of tragus of the ear.

21. Occlusal Plane:
Linea alba: Hyperkeratinized zone at level of
occlusal interdigitation (landmark to verify
occlusal plane).

22. Level of occlusal plane:
Located at the midpoint of inter-arch distance.
Upper occlusal rim:
2mm below level of upper lip at rest.
Lower occlusal rim:
Anterior: At level of lower lip & angle of mouth.
Posterior: At 2/3 the height of retromolar pads.

24. Tentative occlusal plane needs adjustment even
after mounting in the articulator .
When parallel to the upper & lower alveolar
ridges, CDs will gain optimum stability.

25. Too high occlusal rim makes it hard to position
food on occlusal surface.

27. A little lower occlusal plane for subjects with
short lips.

28. A little higher occlusal plane for subjects with
long lips & in the elderly.

29. Lips & Cheeks Support:
Naso-labial angle of 90-deg is desirable
depending on the prominence of columella of
nose.
Philtrum should be neither too flat nor deep.
Naso-labial fold must appear normal.
Upper lip commissure angle neither too obtuse
or acute (120-deg angle is normal).

30. Incisive Papilla & Maxillary Incisors relations

31. Creation of buccal corridors with the upper rim – to create a more
natural and more aesthetic smile.

32. Occlusal surface of the upper rim should be parallel to
the smile line

33. Upper rim indicating dental landmarks.

34. Vertical Relations:
Vertical Dimensions:
The vertical measurement of the face
between any 2 points one located
above and the other below the
mouth in the facial midline.

35. Vertical Relations:
Vertical Dimensions:

36. Vertical Relations:
Vertical Dimensions:
Occlusal Vertical Dimension (OVD):
The vertical dimension of the face when the
teeth or occlusion rims are in contact in
centric occlusion.
Must be determined in the mouth before teeth
arrangement & must be maintained & used in
the articulator for establishing the occlusion.

37. Rest Vertical dimension (RVD):
Inter-occlusal distance (Freeway space):
The distance between occluding surfaces of
upper & lower teeth when the mandible is in
its physiologic rest position.

38. Both patients wearing CDs with teeth in occlusion.
Left: Facial appearance shows excessive OVD.
Right: Severely reduced OVD (FWS is approx 10mm.

40. Angular Cheilitis (Etiology):
Riboflavin deficiency, Overclosure from loss of
OVD, Oral skin bacteria and Fungi (Candida).

41. Insufficient VD.

42. Correct VD.

43. Excessive VD: Difficult to bring the lips together
(over-opening).

44. High & Low -Lip Lines

45. Horizontal Jaw Relations:
CR & CO.

46. Basic Horizontal Jaw Positions:
Centric Jaw Relation (CJR):
A retruded position of the mandible in relation
to maxilla, to transfer to an articulator.
Centric Occlusion is tooth determined position,
whereas CJR is jaw to jaw relation determined
by the condyles ocupying retruded position in
their fossae.

48. Centric Occlusion:
The relation of opposing occlusal surfaces of the
teeth providing the maximal intercuspation. The
occlusion of the teeth when the lower jaw is in
centric relation to the upper jaw.
Eccentric Occlusion :
Eccentric occlusion refers to contact of teeth
that occurs during movement of the mandible.

49. Horizontal Relations:
Significance of recording CR & Eccentric
Relations:
CR is a definite learned position.
Pt. can voluntarily & reflexly return to this
position.
CR can be recorded reproducibly & repeatedly.
CR is a reference position in recording JRs & a
starting point to develop occlusion.
Cr is a point of return.

50. CR Recording Methods:
Use a method that allows repeatability and
verification the CR record.
Inter-occlusal check record method.
Graphic methods.
Functional methods (chew-in method .

51. CR Recording Methods:
Primary requirements for CR recording:
Establish the OVD.
Exert equal vertical pressure while making the
CR record.
Avoid distortion of CR record until casts are
accurately mounted.

52. Methods of recording CR:
Inter-occlusal check record method;
Commonly used materials for making interocclusal
record are:
wax, impression compound, ZOE and impression
plaster.

59. Steps / procedures to follow when registering the
CR / Retruded position of the mandible for
patients:
1. Adjust the wax rims to establish lips and cheeks
support, occlusal planes and OVD / RVD.
2. Patient seated in the dental chair in a reclined
position with both rims in his/her mouth
3. Stabilize the patients’ head and lift the patients’
chin to slightly stretch the neck.
4. Gently position four fingers of each hand on the
lower border of the mandible.
5. Bring thumbs together to form a ”C” with each
hand.