pollution is hazardous for human civilization, and when talking about water, it's contamination and pollution is increasing at alarming rate. So by means of this ppt i tried to share some information of pollutation of ganga, it's effects, government's actions and schemes, and law involved in it. #water #law #share #gangapollutation

1. “Ganga pollution”
A threat to human
civilization

2. ❏ Ganga the largest river in India which now poses a significant threats to the human health and
the larger environment.
❏ The Ganges River Basin is a transboundary basin, it is shared amongst India, Nepal,
Bangladesh, and China.
❏ The river provides water to about 40% of India's population across 11 states.serving an
estimated population of 500 million people which is more than any other river in the world.
❏ Due to the large acreage of the basin, our report focuses on the Ganges River in Northern
India, between the highly polluted cities of Kanpur and Varanasi.
❏ To Hindus, the Ganges is sacred. The river is the embodiment of the Goddess, Ganga. The
water is believed to cleanse the soul and heal the body.
❏ People use the water to cleanse products, drink the water to help with illnesses and it is used
for rituals and ceremonies
Ganga–TheHistorical Background

3. BackgroundContInued
● India gained its independence from Great Britain on August 15, 1947.
● Congress adopted a policy of economic liberalization. After this shift from
an agricultural economy to an industrial one, the private sector expanded
electricity generation, chemical, coal, oil, and mining industries.
● This resulted in a population increase, a population shift to cities, and an
increase in waste production.
● Stockholm conference occurred which prompted India to develop
environmental policy.
● The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, became the
first legislation in India to address water pollution. The purpose of the act
is to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution, and for the
maintaining or restoring the quality of water in the country.

4. ★ Today, ganga is considered to the sixth most
polluted river in the world.
★ A number of initiatives have been undertaken to clean
the river but failed to deliver as desired results.
★ After getting elected, India's Prime minister Narendra
Modi affirmed to work in cleaning the river and
controlling pollution.
★ Besides water pollution, and land pollution along
the banks of ganga is also responsible for
contamination.
★ Their are 764 industiies in the main stem of ganga
out of which 398 are seriously polluting industries.
★ 2nd largest plastic polluting catchment in the world is
formed by ganga network with over 0.12 million
tonnes of plastic discharged into marine
ecosystems per year.
Pollution of theganga -

5. HUMAN WASTE RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS
INDUSTRIAL WASTE MUNICIPAL WASTE
Causes o
f
pollution in
ganga
riv
e
r

6. 5. Hazardous Toxins from Tanneries
Tanneries are responsible for the most harmful type of toxins, more than 790 times the accepted
standard of chromium is dumped into the river (nearly 1,125 tons) .
6. Lack of Affordable and Appropriate Technology
Without adequate and affordable treatment technologies, small-scale industries continue to
River Ganga with over a billion litres of toxic chemicals.
pollute the
7. Heavy Metals dumping in the River Ganga
Chromium
Arsenic
Mercury
8. Unforced Laws
according to the Water (Prevention and Control) Act (1947), those that repeatedly pollute our aquifers should
be punished with sizable fines and up to seven years of jail.
Other laws, including the Human Rights Act, the Forest Act, the Biodiversity Act and the Environmental Protection
Act, as they relate to the River Ganga, are similarly being violated and unenforced on a daily basis
Other Reasons behind the Pollution of Ganga

7. IllEffects of
polluted
gan
g
a river
Increase of mercury,
low oxygen level in
Ganga leads to death of
fishes
Ganges river dolphin
is listed as
endangered species
Ganges softshell
turtles species are
vulnerable
Presence of
excessive coliform
bacteria like E.Coli

8. Human Health Crisis
According to reports of the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP)
under the Indian Council of Medical Research, people living near ganga 56%
more prone to contracting certain cancers than those individuals residing
anywhere else in the world,
hazardous waste includes hydrochloric acid, mercury and other heavy metals,
bleaches, dyes, pesticides, and highly toxic compounds that accumulate in animal
and human tissue, leading to serious health complications, such as kidney
failure, brain damage, lung cancer and spontaneous abortions, as well as
result in undetected genetic mutations and deformities in future
generations.

9. GANGA ACTIONPLANASACLEAN UPEFFORT-
●The Ganges Action Plan (GAP) was launched
by Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of
India on June 1986
● GAP cove red 25 zones across various states (6
in Uttar Pradesh, 4 in Bihar and 15 in West
Bengal).
● Rs 862.59 Crores were spent.
●The GAP was the first river action plan
Launched in India and was taken by the ministry
of environment and forests in 1985.

10. Obje
ctive
sofGangaActionPlan-
The main objectives were
❖ To improve water quality by
interception, diversion and
treatment of domestic sewage
❖ To prevent toxic and industrial
chemical waste from identified
polluting units from entering
the river .

11. .
Othe
r Obje
ctive
s-
➔ Control of nonpoint
pollution from
1. agricultural runoff,
2. human defecation,
3. cattle wallowing and
4. Spilling of oil by launch
boats and small ships and
5.disposal of human
remains in the river.

12. ➔ Research and
development
to conserve
the biotic
diversity of the
river to
augment its
productivity.
Thesmoothcoatedotteris oneofthemanythreatenedspeciesin
ganga
Mahse
e
r inramganga rive
r Platanisteor rive
r ganga dolphin

13. .
➔ Development of sewage
treatment technology
such as up-flow
anaerobic sludge and
sewage treatment
through afforestation.
➔ Rehabilitation of soft
shell turtles for pollution
abatement

14. ➔ Resource recovery options such as methane production for
energy generation and aquaculture for revenue generation.
➔ To act as a trend setter for taking up similar action plans in
grossly polluted stretches in other rivers.
➔ The ultimate objective of the GAP is to have an approach of
integrated river basin management considering the various
dynamic interactions between abiotic and biotic ecosystem.

16. UnIonofIndIav/sMCMehta:(air—1988)
1. the pollution of the Ganga by In1985, activist-advocate M C Mehta filed awrit petition in the Supreme Court to
highlight industries and municipalities located on its banks.
2. the pollution of the Ganga by In 1985, activist-advocate M C Mehta filed a writ petition in the Supreme Court
to highlight industries and municipalities located on its banks. In a historic judgement in 1988, the court
ordered the closure of a number of polluting tanneries near Kanpur. Justice E S Venkataramiah, in his judgement,
observed:"Just like an industry which cannot pay minimum wages to its workers cannot be allowed to exist, a
tannery which cannot set up aprimary treatment plant cannot be permitted to continue to be in existence."
3. The Supreme Court issued several directives to the Kanpur Municipal Corporation to prevent and control
pollution
of theRiver Ganga at Kanpur
4. While making its order the Court observed that on account of failure of authorities to carry out these
statutory duties for several years,the water in the River Ganga at Kanpur had becomeso polluted that it could
no longer be used bythe people either for drinking or bathing.
5. The Court also expressed the view that "having regard to the need for protecting and improving the
environment whichis considered a fundamentalduty under the Constitution,it is the duty of the Central
Governmentto directall educationalinstitutions to teachat leastonehour a weeklessonsrelating to
the protection andimprovement of the naturalenvironment including forests,lakes,rivers, andwild life
in the first ten classes".

17. Namami Gange Programme’ - Namami Gange Programme is an Integrated Conservation
Mission, approved as ''Flagship Programme'' by the Union Government of India in June 2014
had aims of controlling p ollution,
with b udget outlay of Rs.20,000 cror e. The p rogam
conservation and rejuvenation of National River Ganga.
Main pillars of the Namami Gange Programme are:-
1. Sewerage Treatment Infrastructure
2. River-Front Development
3. River-Surface Cleaning
4. Bio-Diversity
5. Afforestation
6. Public Awareness
7. Industrial Effluent Monitoring

18. Other actions that can be taken:
1. Treatment Technology-
Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) must be mandatory for all industries if they are not effectively treating their
wastewater.
2. Reuse Treated Effluent
All industries should recycle and reuse their treated effluent to the maximum extent possible
3. Improved Water Quality Monitoring
The parameters for which the river water quality is monitored are often times dissolved oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen
demand (BOD), which is inadequate as an index to total pollution in the river, as it only accounts for decaying organic
matter. It serves as a poor indicator of the presence and effects of persistent toxins, including metals which are not
biodegradable.
4. Get the People Involved in a Transparent System
• Regular and consistent water quality monitoring and dissemination of this information must be made available
to the public consistently.
• Public and social participation in the process to monitor the policies and laws created need to be encouraged and
invited.
• Incentives, fair warning, capacity building and training for industries to use eco-friendly technologies that
reduce toxic discharge must be planned and organized.

19. .