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JOINT COMBAT OUTPOST
QUICK REACTION TEST
Mr. Haran Levenberg
Project Lead
Joint Combat Outpost

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AGENDA
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM STATEMENT
TASK ORG
TIMELINE
MILESTONES
CHAPTER OUTLINE
TESTING
FINAL PRODUCT
SUMMARY

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Problem Statement
Joint Combat Outposts (JCOPs) used in Iraq to operationally
execute counterinsurgency doctrine expose deployed forces to
unacceptable risks from complex attacks with large VBIEDS and
small arms fire.
Mission
The mission of the JCOP QRT is to develop a chapter that will
solve a subset of protective construction issues to reduce the risk
of death and injury from attacks against combat outposts in OIF
and OEF operations.
JOINT COMBAT OUTPOST

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ARMY JOINT TEST AND EVALUATION
Mr. Haran
Levenberg
JCOP
Project
Lead
Mr. Ernie
Isensee
Director
JT&E
MAJ John
Wilson
Project
Operations
Officer
ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORTING JCOP
CENTCOM ATEC
JOINT STAFF
Contract Support Staff
ERDCJERRY LOVE
Contract Lead
DAVID COLTHARP
Analyst
LEWIS ECHOLS
Analyst
CAROL JOHNSON
Test Designer
EGLIN AF BASE
US Army Corps of
Engineers/Engineer R&D Center
(USACE/ERDC)
Title: Joint Combat Outpost (JCOP) QRT
Title: Joint Combat Outpost (JCOP) QRT
Lead-Service OTA: ATEC
Advocate Organization: CENTCOM, JCS
J34 Deputy Director for
Antiterrorism/Homeland Defense
Nominating Organization: Army Test and
Evaluation Command (ATEC)
Task Organization

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JCOP Timeline
Suspense for questionnaire April 30
Layout of chapter May 8
PMP complete May 30
JWAG May 27
Final Destructive Testing (Sims)
Final Test design review June 10
JWAG June 26
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Draft of JCOP chapter July 25
Destructive Test 2, July 30
JWAG September 10th
Staffing to J34 and CENTCOM Sept. 15th
Final JWAG Oct. 21st
Final Distribution to Field Nov. 30th
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= Milestone
= JWAG (Joint Warfare
Advisory Group)
APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV

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JCOP Chapter Outline
(Draft)
1. INTRO
2. JCOP RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
3. ANALYZE MISSION
4. SITE SELECTION
5. IDENTIFY and LIST JCOP VULNERABILITIES
6. ANALYZE and ASSESS THE THREAT
7. DEVELOP CONTROLS/ CONOPS
8. MITIGATE RISK-RISK REDUCTION
9. JCOP CHECKLIST FOR SUCCESS

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TESTINGTESTING

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• Vehicle Barrier data
•Department of State Certified Anti-Ram Vehicle Barriers
•U.K. Transportation Research Lab tests of soil bins and
concrete barriers
•USAF Force Protection Battle Lab tests of soil bins
•Manufacturer tests of soil bins
• Blast tests of Perimeter Walls
•Department of State (DOS) perimeter wall tests (data, reports)
•Army Engineer R&D Center (ERDC) tests of soil bin walls
(Hescos, Metalith, CBP)
•Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) test of soil bin wall (Metalith)
•U.K. test of soil bin wall
• Blast tests of building walls and retrofits/upgrades
•ERDC and AFRL test of polymer retrofits for masonry walls
•DOS tests of embassy wall retrofits
•Database program on blast tests of masonry wall response
(various agencies)
Example Existing Data

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Damage to buildings from truck bomb at COP Inman,
Mosul, 23 March 2008
Modeling Blast Effects

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Example Test Issue
• Can the perimeter wall and building upgrade
designs provide protection from a double
VBIED attack?
• MOE: Level of Protection for personnel inside
building
• Data – Building internal blast pressure
• Data – Building wall failure (Yes/No)
• Data – Building wall debris (mass, velocity, distribution)
• MOE: Level of Protection for exposed personnel
(external to building)
• Data – External blast overpressure
• Data – Debris from perimeter walls and dump truck
(mass, velocity, distribution)

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Test Concept
• OBJECTIVE: Evaluate design concepts for mitigating
the effects of a double vehicle bomb attack against a
JCOP
• TEST ARTICLES:
• Perimeter barrier wall system
• Blast upgrade system for building wall
• Conduct two sequenced static detonations of 4000 lb
(TNT EQ) in dump trucks

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Test Concept (cont.)
Double wall perimeter for stopping
double attack
Upgraded building for
blast protection
Retrofit Walls
Blast
ShieldsStandoff
5 ton dump truck with 4000
lbs pulls up to first wall and
detonates
Standoff
Second dump truck
attempts to ram second
wall and detonates

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5’-50’ 3’-5’
Outside
COP
Inside
COP
CONCEPT A – Low Wall/Low Wall
5’-50’ 3’-5’
Outside
COP
Inside
COP
CONCEPT C – High Wall/Low Wall
5’-50’
Outside
COP
Inside
COP
CONCEPT B – Low Wall/High Wall
5’-50’
9’-15’
Outside
COP
Inside
COP
CONCEPT D – High Wall/High Wall
9’-15’
9’-15’
3’-5’
Basic Concepts for Double Wall

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16’
60’
20’-30’
40’ - 50’
5’ 7’7’
Concept for testing two different
wall configurations with first
detonation

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First barrier
marks edge
of perimeter approach
zone and serves
as warning line
(Hescos, Metalith,
Jersey)
Second barrier
provides capability to stop
second vehicle attack
and seals approach around
crater (Hescos, Metalith, top
container may not be
desired or necessary)
4’
20’ – 30’
40’- 50’
7’
4.5’
9’
3.5’
(?)
~16’
Second barrier provides
stopping capability. Test
will provide data for
decision and placement
(Hescos, Metalith), top
container may not be
desired or necessary)
4’
12’
9’
First barrier
marks edge
of perimeter
approach
zone and stops
fragments from
truck
EXAMPLE
CONCEPT A
EXAMPLE
CONCEPT B
Concept for testing two different
wall configurations (cont)

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Charge
1
Charge
2
CraterfromCharge1
Site Layout
Free Field Pressure Gages
Internal Pressure Gages
Reaction Structure
for Masonry Walls
Reaction Structure
for masonry walls
Deflection Gages
Hard Mounted Accelerometers
FF1 FF2 FF4 FF5
FF3
Reflected Pressure Gages

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Masonry Wall Response
Wall Size: (h x w)
Bay 2 – 112” x 176”
176"
112"
136"
Std CMU block 7.625" x 7.625" x 15.625"
0.375
1.25
88 88
4.0625 16
0.375 1"
136”
192”
BAY 4
IPB
PC PE
DB AB
Hard Mounted Accelerometers
Internal Pressure Gages
Blast Pressure Gages
Deflection Gage
TYPICAL INSTRUMENTATION

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Definition: Levels of Protection
High – Minimal building damage, facility
immediately operable, only superficial injures
are likely
Medium – Minor building damage, could be
repaired, facility operable after cleanup and
repair, minor to moderate injuries, fatalities
unlikely
Low – Moderate building damage, facility
unusable, moderate to severe injuries,
fatalities unlikely
Very Low – Heavy building damage, facility
unusable, serious injuries, potential fatalities
Corresponding wall damage

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Modeling of Blast Effects of existing
COP using AT Planner Software
350 Foot Contour– Onset of wall
collapse for typical building
Truck bomb inside perimeter
Typical building, walls blown in,
partial collapse
Single perimeter wall

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Truck bomb outside perimeter
140 Foot Contour – Onset of wall
collapse for upgraded building
Double perimeter wall
Building with
protective upgrades,
moderate to heavy damage
Modeling of Blast Effects for upgraded COP using
AT Planner Software

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Example Data Collection
High-speed camera for measuring
perimeter wall debris velocity and distribution
Collection of mass and distribution of debris
310 fps
High-speed camera behind building wall
(inside test structure)
Time, msec
Pressure,psi
Impulse,psi-sec
Measurement P1-W2
0 30 60 90 120 150
-15 -0.06
0 0
15 0.06
30 0.12
45 0.18
60 0.24
75 0.3
Data from blast overpressure gauge

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Final Product
1. Test data to continue
improvement of force protection
initiatives.
2. Distribution of initial handbook
for theater
3. Incorporate as a chapter in JCOB
in future publications

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Summary
Develop and test optimized defensive TTP’s to reduce
the risk to forces occupying JCOPs.
The psychological benefit includes increased morale
for soldiers knowing that their location is safer than it
was previously.
The expected benefits to the warfighter are a
survivable combat outpost with protective construction
that reduces the risk of combat injuries and death.

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Questions