“international health organizations and nursing organizations”

1. Reproductive System
SHAHINA BANO
Objectives
At the end of this session learner will be able to:
•Define Reproduction
•Define Reproductive System
•List the function of male reproductive system
•Categorize the male reproductive organs into Essential organs Accessory organs
•Location and structures involved in the male reproductive system
•Describe the structure and function of testis and accessory organs
Reproduction
•Reproduction is the process by which organism produce offspring by making germ cells called gametes.
•After the male (sperm cells) unites with females gametes (secondary oocytes) an event called
fertilization.
Reproduction
•The male and female reproductive organs can be grouped by function.
•The gonads testes in male and females produce gametes and secrete sex hormones.
Reproductive System
•The male and females reproductive organs work together to produce offspring.

2. •In addition, the female reproductive organs contribute to sustaining the growth of embryos and
fetuses.
Male Reproductive System
Functions of the Male Reproductive System
•The testes produce sperm and the male sex hormones testosterone.
•The ducts transport, store, and assist, in maturation of sperm.
•The accessory sex glands secrete most of the liquid portion of semen.
•The penis contains the urethra, a passageway for ejaculation of semen and excretion of urine.

3. Male Reproductive System
•The organs of the male reproductive system include the testes, a system of ducts (Including the
epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra)
•Accessory sex glands (Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands) and several supporting
structures including the scrotum and penis.
Organs of Male Reproductive System
•Testes
System of ductus
•Epididymis
•Ductus deferens
•Ejaculatory ducts
Accessory sex glands
•Seminal vesicles
•Prostate gland
•Bulbourethral glands
Supporting structures
•Penis
•Scrotum
Testes

4. •Paired oval glands
•Lies in scrotum
• 5cm long
•Weight 10-15g
•Tunica vaginalis partially covers the testes
• Internal to Tunica vaginalis is Tunica Albuginea.
•Tunica Albuginea is composed of dense irregular connective tissues.
•Tunica Albuginea forms septa.
•Septa divides the testes in lobules
Testes
•Lobules contains semniferous tubules
•semniferous tubules contains
•Spermatogenic cell Produce sperm
•Sertoli cells Supports spermatogenesis
•Space between semniferous tubules are Leyding cells or interstitial cells
•Leyding cells produces testosterone hormone
Testes

5. Scrotum
•It is supporting structure
•Consists of
•Loose skin
•Superficial fascia
•Septum is made of superficial fascia and muscle tissue called as dartos muscle
•Cremaster muscle, small band of skeletal muscle.
•Sperm production requires temperature about 2-3C below core body temperature.
Scrotum
•In response to cold weather cremaster muscle and dartos muscles contracts.
•Contraction of cremaster muscle moves the testes closer to the body.
•Exposure to warmth muscles relax.

6. Sperm
•Male germ cell
•Each day 300 million sperm complete the process of spermatogenesis.
•Normal range of sperm is 100-200 million
•It is about 60um long
•Once ejaculated, most sperm do not survive more than 48hrs within female reproductive system
•Major parts are head and tail
•Acrosome contains enzymes
•Protease
•Hyaluronidase
Sperm
Epididymis
•It is comma shaped
•4cm long
•Lies at posterior border of each testes.

7. •It is site of sperm maturation
•It helps propels sperm to ductus deferens
•It stores sperm
•Any stored sperm if not ejaculated that time are eventually reabsorbed
Ductus Deferens
•It is also known as Vas deferens
•It 45cm long
•Mucosa of Ductus deferens consists of
•Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
•Lamina propria
•Ductus deferens conveys sperm during sexual arousal from epididymis towards the urethra
•Any stored sperm if not ejaculated that time are eventually reabsorbed
Ejaculatory Ducts
•2 cm long
•It is formed by the union of duct from seminal vesicles and ampula of ducts deferens ends to urethra
• Urethra
•It is terminal duct of reproductive and urinary system
•It serve passageway for semen and urine
Accessory Sex glands
•The ducts of the male reproductive system store and transport sperm cells, but the accessory sex
glands secrete most of the liquid portion of semen.
•The accessary sex glands include the seminal vesicles, the prostate and the bulbourethral glands.

8. Seminal Vesicles
•Pouch like structures
•5cm long
•Secrete alkaline fluid contains fructose, prostaglandins, clotting proteins
• Alkaline nature helps to neutralize the acidic environment
Prostate gland
•Single gland
•It secretes milky, slightly acidic fluid, pH 6.5
•It contains
•Citric acid
•Pepsinogen
•Lysozyme
•Amylase
•Seminalplasmin is prostatic fluid
•Antibiotic
•Destroy bacteria
Bulbourethral glands
•Cowper’s gland
•Paired urethral glands
•Size of pea
• Located inferior to prostate gland

9. •Secretes mucous
Bulbourethral Glands
Semen
•It is mixture of sperm, seminal fluid, prostatic fluid, bulbourethral glands secretions.
•2.5.-5 mL each ejaculation
•PH 7.2-7.7
Penis
•It contains urethra
•Passageway of sperm and urine
•It is cylindrical shape
•It consists of body, glans penis, root

10. Reference
•Tortora J.G, Derkison, B. principle of Anatomy and physiology (11th Ed) USA john Willey & Sons, inc
Thank You