The document provides an overview of peer-to-peer networks, including their history, how they work, types of P2P networks, pros and cons, and examples. It discusses how P2P networks differ from client-server networks in that there is no central server and peers can both request and provide services directly to each other. Examples like torrents and past P2P applications like Napster and Kazaa are also summarized. The document is intended to introduce readers to the basic concepts of peer-to-peer networking.

1. Prepared by:
Khane Luqman
Hewa Omer
Hanan Siyamand
Amer Jabar
Supervised by Ass. Lecturer:
Omar Shirko
Peer to Peer Networks
Erbil Polytechnic University
College of engineering
Information System Engineering
2 DEC 2021

2. OUTLINE
Introduction
History
What is Peer to Peer Network
Why to Use P2P Network
How to Work Peer to Peer Network?
Peer to Peer Architecture
Applications of Peer to Peer Architecture
Types of Peer to Peer Network
P2P Networking Pros and Cons
P2P Network Safety Hints
P2P Network Example – Torrents
Peer-to-Peer
Client/Server
The Difference between Client/Server and Peer-to-Peer Network.

3. Introduction
The "peers" in a peer-to-peer network are
computer systems that are connected to each
other over the Internet.
Without the use of a central server, files can
be shared directly between systems on the
network.

4. In 1979, the world was introduced to the first P2P network in the form of Usenet, a system
that allowed users to post and exchange messages and news in a manner similar to today's
online forums and message boards; the only difference was that Usenet did not operate
under the control of a central server or administrator.
By 1999, the internet had become commonplace, and many businesses and households in
North America had internet connection (although the slow dial-up version!).
Now, 20 years later, P2P remains one of the most popular technologies for sharing files over
the internet- in both legal and illegal circumstances.
History

5. What is Peer to Peer Network
All "Peers" in a peer-to-peer network refer to all computers that are
connected to each other via the internet. Because there is no central
server in a peer-to-peer network, each user can exchange any type
of file with any other peer.

6. How Peer to Peer Networks Work?
When consumers want to download a file from the internet, they
must first open a web browser and navigate to the right website. In
this case, the website serves as the server, while the user's PC
serves as the client, receiving all files. This concept works as a
one-way road, moving downloaded data from point 1 (the
website) to point 2 (the user's PC system).

7. Peer to Peer Architecture
peer to peer (P2P) architecture is generally implemented over
computer networking architecture. Because each computer in
this network acts as an independent workstation and may save
all data on its own hard disk, P2P architecture is best suited
for small areas such as a house or a small office.

8. Types of Peer to Peer Network
Pure Peer to Peer Network
All peers play the role equally because this P2P network does not contain
centralized dedicated server.
Unstructured P2P Networks
All devices have to make same contribution, but due to lack of structure,
users can face some difficulties for searching rare content.
Structured P2P Networks
Structured peer to peer networks are more difficult to set up than
unstructured peer to peer networks, but they give consumers better access
to rare content on the network.
Hybrid Peer to Peer Network
Peer-to-peer hybrid Because it comprises one centralized peer that
performs all actions as a server, such as keeping all information about the
peers and responding to requests for that information

9. The client-server model structure is a centralized
network in which the server hosts, provides, and
maintains the majority of the client’s data and
services. In this network model, a central server is a
must and all the clients (computers) are connected
to the central server for retrieving data or using its
services.
Client/Server

10. In a peer to peer network, there is no specific
client or a server. A device can send and
receive data directly with each other. Each
node can either be a client or a server. It can
request or provide services accordingly. A
node is also called a peer.
Peer-to-Peer

11. o Services…
o Data Transmission….
o Prime Focus…
o Cost….
The Difference between Client/Server and
Peer-to-Peer Network.

12. Disadvantages
Scalability —challenging to add more peers to the network
Security – more vulnerable to malwares
DOS - each node can route traffic
Advantages
Low latency - faster response times
High bandwidth — many nodes
Low cost – no central server
Fault tolerance —no single point of failure
users govern their own data
P2P Networking Pros and Cons

13. Control what you share: be certain that you don't share everything on your
computer by accident
Install a good antivirus program: Even with good antivirus software, there's
no guarantee you'll detect every malware
Make sure your firewall is set up correctly for the P2P service: Set up
firewall rules and port forwarding to allow minimum of access required by
the P2P network.
P2P Network Safety Hints

14. Torrents are a type of file sharing that takes place through the internet. They use
the BitTorrent protocol to enable peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing
Used to distribute files to a large number of people at once
Torrents are accessed using a file with the .TORRENT extension
In Torrent, nodes act like servers that provide different portions of the file that the
user wants to download
Depending on who's currently sharing the file and which servers have the section
of the file that you need, torrent program will pick and choose which node to take
the file from
P2P Network Example - Torrents

15. Seed: Making files available to others. The seed count of a torrent refers to how many
individuals are sharing the entire file.
Peer: A peer is a person who has downloaded a file from a seeder but does not yet have
the entire file.
Leecher: A leecher is a person who downloads more than uploads.
Other P2P Networks
Napster: file sharing (music) by people all around the globe.
Kazaa: Same as Napster, also allowed sharing movies on larger scale.
P2P Network Example – Torrents - Terminologies

16. THANK YOU!

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