University of Maryland Presentation from the 2012 Hydrogen Student Design Contest

1. University of Maryland Energy Research CenterUniversity of Maryland Energy Research Center
Combined Heat, Hydrogen, and
Power Plant Design for the
University of Maryland
UMD CHHP Design Team
represented by Jennie Moton, Daniel Spencer,
Richard Bourne, and Kyle Gluesenkamp
2011-2012 Hydrogen Student Design Contest
sponsored by the Department of Energy

2. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Hydrogen Education Foundation’s
2011-2012 Competitive Challenge
Challenged to design an innovative CHHP system for the University of
Maryland College Park campus, the student team developed and
addressed:
• Feedstock analysis
• Technical design
• Safety and code compliance
• Campus end-uses
• Cost, credits, revenue and savings
• Environmental analyses
• Business, marketing and public education plans
Required design specifics include:
• Characteristics of the resources available on-site and nearby
• Fuel conversion system
• CHHP system

3. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
UMD Campus Power Plant and Carbon FootPrint
• UMD has on campus a natural-gas-
fired combined cycle power plant that
produces up to 25.9 MWelec
• Intermediate pressure steam (900 kPa,
260 C) shipped around campus for
steam-turbine driven chillers
providing 13 MW of cooling as needed
• UMD Carbon Footprint (FY 2008)
based on “Carbon Footprint of the
University of Maryland College Park:
An updated inventory of greenhouse
gas emissions: 2002-2008”
– dominated by electric power demands
UMD combined cycle
power plant
Steam-driven chiller for
waste heat recovery
°

4. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
UMD Campus Power Plant and Carbon FootPrint
°

5. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
"Comes in dirty, goes out clean,
keeps the campus running green."
• Competition Objective: Design a Combined Heat,
Hydrogen and Power (CHHP) System for the Univ. of
Maryland (UMD) College Park campus using local
resources
• Inputs: Local waste resources
• Outputs:
– Electrical power from fuel cell
– Building heating from fuel cell exhaust
– Excess hydrogen from fuel cell exhaust

6. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
"Comes in dirty, goes out clean,
keeps the campus running green."

7. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
CHHP Sankey Diagram (Energy)

8. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Value Proposition for CHHP System at UMD
• Reduction of ~6,700 metric tonnes/yr landfill waste removal
• Steam: ~160 kg/hr at 900 kPa, 260◦C for on-campus cooling/heating
• Electric power: average 1.2 MWe to reduce external load
– offsets power purchased from the grid
• Hydrogen Fueling Station: 17.8 kg H2/hr
–approximately 250 kWe net power in PEMFC systems for UMD shuttles,
i.e., ~ 6 – 8 fuel cell powered buses

9. University of Maryland Energy Research CenterUniversity of Maryland Energy Research Center
Feedstock Waste Streams
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT
Power(MW)
Paper Plastic Total Power After Efficiencies
Combined monthly power from waste streams collected
from UMD campus and the City of College Park for ten
months out of the year 2011.

10. University of Maryland Energy Research CenterUniversity of Maryland Energy Research Center
8%
16%
34%
10%
15%
17%
Wood
Yard Waste
Paper
Rubber
Plastic
Food
Compost
83%
7%
10%
Paper
Plastics
HDPE
Feedstock Waste Streams

11. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Anode feed
supplemented with
pipeline NG as
needed to increase
H2 yield and meet
anode feed
requirements
Gasifier and Fuel Processing
5% H2
<0.002% CO
55% CO2
40% CH4
Cyclone
Electrostatic precipitator
Chiller (tar removal)
Acid gas removal
• Metal separator, shredder, feed to gasifier (Thermogenics Model # 106)
• O2 gasifying agent - high reaction rates and minimal syngas dilution
• Moving bed, refractory lined to enable high temp operation
Tgasifier = 900oC
Pgasifier = 1 bar
1 kg of waste (paper + plastic),
ratio ~3:1,
Energy content ~ 25 MJ/kgwaste
Oxygen
generator Gasifier
Syngas
Cleanup
Methanation
Rector
T = 400oC,
P = 30 bar
C(S) and
H2O
removal
DFC
0.944 kgsteam/kgwaste

12. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Anaerobic Digester
Heat
Exchanger
Biogas
Biogas
Clean
Up
* Commercial Designs Available from: Advanced Green Energy Solutions LLC , New Energy Solutions, Inc.
Waste
+
Water
Water
Particulates
H2S Removed
• Complete mix, mesophilic (32-35 ⁰C; 21-day retention; 1,520 m3 )
• Wastes Processed: food, stall waste, leaves, yard waste
• Amount of waste processed: 1.56 m3/hr
• Amount of biogas produced: 32.7 m3/hr
Liquid + Solid
Effluent

13. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
CHHP Sankey Diagram (Energy)

14. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Fuel Cell Energy 1.5 MW MCFC
• 1.5 MWelec Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) used as
power plant and H2 production
− Electric efficiency in simple-cycle configuration: 47%
− Net electrical output in plant: 1.4 MWe
− Fuel consumption: 308 standard m3/hr
− Average water consumption: 1.0 m3/hr
− Exhaust temperature: 370 +/- 30 ⁰C

15. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Heat Recovery System
• CHHP system utilizes 3 thermal loops:
1. A high pressure steam system provides supplemental steam
to the methanation reactor to increase CH4 production for
fuel cell anode
2. A medium pressure steam system provides steam to the
existing campus steam system for heating and heat
activated cooling
3. A hot water loop provides heat for the digester and other
process heating applications
• Condensate is collected from campus and water-gas shift
reactor

16. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Heat Recovery System

17. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
H2 Recovery, Compression, and Storage
• Water gas shift/heat exchanger reactor (WGS/HEX)
• Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) H2
Separation
• H2 compressed and stored in 1500 kg
cylindrical storage tanks at 34.5 MPa

18. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
• Waste streams converted to methane via gasification and digestion
• Methane is reformed to H2 in anode and utilized to produce electricity
• Excess H2 is recovered from the fuel cell anode exhaust
• Remaining thermal energy in exhaust is used to create steam for
cooling and heating
System Design
Organic
Waste
Inorganic
Waste
Campus
Power
Grid
Campus
Steam
System
Methanation
Reactor
Biogas
Cleanup
PSA Air
Separator
Gasifier
WGS
Reactor
H2
Compression
and Storage
Methane
Cleanup
PSA H2
Separator
Heat
Recovery
Steam
Generator
Anaerobic
Digester
Anode Cathode
MC Fuel Cell
H2
Fueling
Station
Air

19. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Siting Requirements for the CHHP Plant
• In close proximity to
existing water, electrical,
and steam line connections
• Satisfy safety and nuisance
requirements for storage of
waste and hydrogen
• Built near an easily
accessible road for the
campus shuttle system
• Publicity and promotion of
hydrogen and waste-to-
energy sustainability
concepts
Comcast
Center

20. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Environmental and Safety Analysis
• Avoided fuel consumption: 52,288 MW-hr/yr.
• Equivalent CO2 emissions reduction:
– 13,000 metric tonnes/yr
• Greater than 4% of 300,000 metric tonnes/yr for entire campus
and commuter operation (according to campus Carbon
Footprint Report)
• Safety/Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
• The UMD 2012 Design Criteria/Facility Standards Manual
–Includes NFPA, OSHA, COMAR (Code of Maryland
Regulation), and EPA standards

21. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Costs, Credits, Revenue, and Savings
Capital Expenses = 10.4M
- Gasifer = 2.3M
- Digester = 2.0M
- DFC 1500 = 3.4M
- BOP = 2.7M
Tax Credits = 3.6M + 0.5M/yr
+ Fed FC incentive ($3/kW) = 3.6M (one time)
+ Clean Energy Incentive ($0.0085/kWh) = 0.2M/yr
+ Production Tax Credit ($0.0011/kWh) = 0.27M/yr
Operating Expenses = 2.2M/yr
- Operation/maintenance = 0.7M
- Labor (operating/management) = 1.0M
- Insurance & contingency set-aside = 0.5M
Revenue = 0.9M/yr
+ Heat + Electricity + H2 = $0.9M/yr
UMD Campus savings from offset consumption = 1.4M/yr
+ Heat, Electricity, & diesel that are not generated or purchased

22. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Marketing and Education
• Internal student design competition
• Education and marketing activates
–Maryland Day Tours
–K-12 program on sustainable waste
management and energy
–Project-based learning; ENES232,
ENME489K, ENST
• Partnering with local technology
developers
–Test bed for waste processing, etc…
• Advertisement
–Location near the Comcast Center
with nationally broadcast sport events
–Buses as mobile advertising and
hubs of H2 educational facts

23. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Is CHHP feasible?
Technical/Economic Challenges and Future Studies
• Detailed assessment of available
waste resources
• Appropriate solution for
recyclable waste?
• Arrangement for times of low
resource input
• CHHP System upfront
cost/profitable waste
University’s Commitment to Sustainability
“I hope we will have some form of waste to energy on campus before I
retire, and hopefully we can use some of your design concepts.”
from Joan Kowal, Energy Facilities Manager at UMD
UMD Sustainability Report

24. University of Maryland Energy Research CenterUniversity of Maryland Energy Research Center
Electricity: 1.2MWe
Thermal Energy: 160 kg/hr
Hydrogen Fuel: 17.8 kg/hr
Transforming WASTE to ENERGY
From Waste To Energy And beyond…
Reduced CO2 Emissions:
13,000 metric tonnes/yr
Landfill waste
removed:
6,700 metric
tonnes/yr

25. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
University of Maryland Team Members
Jennie Moton Islam Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed Gomaa
Kyle Gluesenkamp Richard Bourne
Will Gibbons Diane Mcgahagan
Sahil Popli Chetali Gupta
James Daniel Spencer Andrew Taverner
Abdul Bari Jiaojie Tan
Pritham Prabhakher Dulany Wagner
Pruthvish Patel Meron Tesfaye
Uzair Ahmed Yiqing Wu
Rich Spadaccini Viviana Monje
Bracha Mandel Hannah Shockley
Rob Nisson Shariq Hashme
Jonathan Chung Jorge Prado
Brian Hoge Casey Smith
Prof. Greg Jackson (Faculty Advisor, Associate Director of UMERC)

26. University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the following , without their help
this project would have been impossible.
UMD Faculty and Staff
Dr. Greg Jackson
(faculty advisor)
Joan Kowal
Bill Guididas
Michael Dwyer
Dr. Stephanie Lansing
Sally DeLeon
Erika Laubach
Corporate Partners
World Hydrogen Energy
Conference & Sponsors
Thermogenics Inc.
Advanced Green Energy Solutions LLC
Clayton Industries
Applied Compression Systems
Pepco Energy Services
BioFerm Energy
TEMCo Industrial Power Supply
GDF Suez Energy NA
And special thanks to the City of College Park for their waste