Sociology for Law Students

1. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONCEPTS AND
VARIABLES
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2. ELEMENTS OF THEORY
• OBSERVATION
• FACT
• LAWS
• CONCEPTS
• VARIABLE

3. CONCEPTS
• AN ABSTRACTION BASED ON CHARACTERISTICS OF PERCEIVED REALITY.
• A LABEL WE PUT ON A PHENOMENON THAT ENABLES US TO LINK
SEPARATE OBSERVATIONS AND TO MAKE GENERALIZATIONS.
• CONCEPTS RANGE FROM ABSTACT TO CONCRETE.
• IT ALSO HELPS IN UNDERSTANDING THE CATEGORY AND DIVERSITY OF
PARTICULAR RELATED PRAGMATIC PHENOMENON.

4. • CONCEPTS RANGE FROM ABSTRACT TO CONCRETE.
• MORE ABSTRACT, LESS IT IS DIRECTLY OBSERVABLE AND MORE IT
NEEDS APPROPRIATE DEFINITION.
• MORE CONCRETE, EASIER TO COMMUNICATE THE EXACT CONTENT OF
THE CONCEPT.
• THE SUCCESS OF THE RESEARCH DEPENDS ON HOW CLEARLY WE
CONCEPTUALIZE AND HOW WELL OTHERS UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPTS WE
USE.

5. VARIABLES
THE FACTOR OR A CONTENT OF AN ISSUE WHICH SHOULD BE ABLE TO
MEASURE.
IT IS COMPLETELY BASED ON VALUES AND IT VARIES FROM INCIDENTS
TO INCIDENTS AND ISSUES TO ISSUES.

6. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
• an independent variable is a variable that affects the dependent variable and in
itself it is free of any effects from the dependent variable
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
• The dependent variable is the other main variable that is the effect of the
independent variable
EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE
• Extraneous variables are all those variables that can impact the dependent
variable other than the independent variable.

7. INTERVENING VARIABLE
• this variable is not always present but in the certain situation its intervention
plays an important role between the cause and effect relationship.

8. References
• https://readingcraze.com/
• http://methods.sagepub.com/
• http://polisci.usca.edu/
• https://www.asanet.org/sites/default/files/savvy/introtosociology
• https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/

9. THANK YOU