Antenna is used widely in the telecommunication field, military operations, and other applications. It gets an electromagnetic wave and converts it into electric signals. Some antennas receive electric signals and radiate them as electromagnetic waves. A simple radio antenna is a long straight rod. Many indoor TV antennas take the form of a dipole that is divided into 2 pieces and folded horizontally. Numerous outdoor TV antennas have more than one dipole with a central supporting rod. The different types of antenna designs include parabolic satellite dishes and circular loops of wire. Generally, the waves emitting at the antenna from a transmitter are the same in any shape of the antenna. Different patterns of dipoles help to concentrate the signals for easy detection. This effect can be increased by adding many unconnected dummy dipoles called reflectors and directors. These dipoles bounce the signals over the actual receiving dipoles. This is similar to boosting the signals and picking weaker signals better than a simple antenna. We will further discuss the working of different kinds of antennas and the science behind their working. We will also discuss the various types of antennas and their different properties. Important Features of Antennas An Antenna contains many important features such as: • Gain The gain of an antenna is a technical measurement and the amount at which the signals are boosted. Television will pick up a poor signal without an antenna plugged in. Metal cases and other components pick up some kinds of signals by default. You need to add a proper directional antenna to gain better signals. The gain of an antenna is often measured in decibels (DB). You will receive a better reception with a bigger gain. Outdoor antennas work more effectively than outdoor antennas. • Directionality Dipole is very directional and picks up incoming radio waves traveling at right angles to them. The telescopic antenna on an FM radio is less directional when the signals are strong. If the telescopic antenna is pointed straight upward, it will capture good signals from any direction. AM antenna in the radio is very directional. While using AM, you will need to swivel the radio until it picks up strong signals. Highly directional antennas give ample benefits such as reduction in interference from unwanted sources or signals. • Bandwidth The bandwidth of an antenna refers to the frequency range on which it works perfectly. Broader bandwidth gives a greater range of radio waves. Broad bandwidth will be more helpful in the case of television but not in other cases like satellite communications, telephones, or cell phones. Different Kinds of Antennas An antenna is a tool used for receiving and transmitting signals. It comes in various shapes, sizes, and features according to the needs of the customers. We will now discuss the different types of antennas and how they work. 1. Dipole Antenna Dipole antennas normally contain 2 similar conductive elements

1. How Does an Antenna Work?
Antenna is used widely in the telecommunication field, military
operations, and other applications. It gets an electromagnetic wave and
converts it into electric signals. Some antennas receive electric signals
and radiate them as electromagnetic waves. A simple radio antenna is a
long straight rod. Many indoor TV antennas take the form of a dipole that
is divided into 2 pieces and folded horizontally. Numerous outdoor TV
antennas have more than one dipole with a central supporting rod. The
different types of antenna designs include parabolic satellite dishes and
circular loops of wire.
Generally, the waves emitting at the antenna from a transmitter are the
same in any shape of the antenna. Different patterns of dipoles help to

2. concentrate the signals for easy detection. This effect can be increased
by adding many unconnected dummy dipoles called reflectors and
directors. These dipoles bounce the signals over the actual receiving
dipoles. This is similar to boosting the signals and picking weaker signals
better than a simple antenna. We will further discuss the working of
different kinds of antennas and the science behind their working. We will
also discuss the various types of antennas and their different properties.
Important Features of Antennas
An Antenna contains many important features such as:
 Gain
The gain of an antenna is a technical measurement and the amount at
which the signals are boosted. Television will pick up a poor signal
without an antenna plugged in. Metal cases and other components pick
up some kinds of signals by default. You need to add a proper directional
antenna to gain better signals.
The gain of an antenna is often measured in decibels (DB). You will
receive a better reception with a bigger gain. Outdoor antennas work
more effectively than outdoor antennas.
 Directionality
Dipole is very directional and picks up incoming radio waves traveling at
right angles to them. The telescopic antenna on an FM radio is less
directional when the signals are strong. If the telescopic antenna is
pointed straight upward, it will capture good signals from any direction.
AM antenna in the radio is very directional. While using AM, you will
need to swivel the radio until it picks up strong signals. Highly directional

3. antennas give ample benefits such as reduction in interference from
unwanted sources or signals.
 Bandwidth
The bandwidth of an antenna refers to the frequency range on which it
works perfectly. Broader bandwidth gives a greater range of radio waves.
Broad bandwidth will be more helpful in the case of television but not in
other cases like satellite communications, telephones, or cell phones.
Different Kinds of Antennas
An antenna is a tool used for receiving and transmitting signals. It comes
in various shapes, sizes, and features according to the needs of the
customers. We will now discuss the different types of antennas and how
they work.
1. Dipole Antenna
Dipole antennas normally contain 2 similar conductive elements like
rods or metal wires. This kind of antenna includes odd and even modes.
It contains a center-fed driven element to transmit and receive radio
frequency energy. It is the simplest type of antenna containing a straight
electric conductor made of metals like copper thereby making 2 poles.
The metal wire length is half of the highest wavelength in free space at
the frequency operation. The conductive materials in the center of an
antenna are divided through an insulator known as an antenna section.
The RF voltage source is normally given to the middle of the Dipole
Antenna. Voltage and current are then supplied via the 2 conductive
elements to produce radio or electromagnetic signals. These signals are
later radiated outside the dipole antenna. In the center of a dipole

4. antenna, the voltage is minimum and current is maximum whereas the
current is minimum and voltage is maximum at the two ends of an
antenna.
2. Grid Parabolic Antenna
Grid antenna is a kind of parabolic antenna. It normally contains a
reflector made from a grill of parallel wires or bars targeted in one
direction that acts as a polarizing filter and a reflector. These antennas
normally reflect linearly polarized radio waves with an electric field
parallel to the grill elements. The spacing of the grid elements is
frequently dependent and inversely proportional to the frequency.
Grid parabolic antenna has the highest weight ratio and strength. It is a
very efficient antenna in which gain figures approach the theoretical
maximum for the curved surface area. This antenna contains a full
Parabolic reflector for a smooth digital communication system.
3. Yagi Antenna
The Yagi antenna was discovered by 2 Japanese scientists Shintaro Uda
and Hidetsugu Yagi. It is a kind of directional antenna and is generally
used in point-to-point communication. Yagi antenna radiates signals in
one fixed direction. It includes a long transmission line with a single
driven element containing two rods connected on any one side of the
transmission lines.
This antenna contains a single reflector on one side of the transmission
line and several parasite elements that act as directors. In Yagi antennas,
the reflector is kept behind the driven element and is longer than the
driven element. On the other hand, the director is kept on the front of

5. the driven element and is shorter than the driven element. Normally,
Yagi antennas have one reflector and multiple directors.
4. Satellite dish antenna
Dish Antenna are popular these days. They contain 2 major components
namely parabolic shaped reflector and a low noise block down convertor.
Parabolic dish gets electromagnetic signals from the satellite and focuses
them on LNBF.
Final words
This is all about a High Gain Antenna with its working pattern, design and
features. The working of every kind of antenna is almost similar with
slight changes. These antennas are used in multiple applications from
satellite communication to telephone lines. Many antenna
manufacturers and dealers sell the different kinds of antennas online at
affordable rates.