The antenna is a device that helps to send and receive signals to represent data. Germans invented the first antenna in 1888. This antenna was used for wireless communication. As time passed, different kinds of antennas were invented based on aperture, reflector, aperture, log periodic, and wire.

1. Dipole Antenna: Design, Working, Application, and Types
The antenna is a device that helps to send and receive signals to represent data.
Germans invented the first antenna in 1888. This antenna was used for wireless
communication. As time passed, different kinds of antennas were invented based
on aperture, reflector, aperture, log periodic, and wire.
In this blog, we will talk about a Dipole Antenna, its design, application, working,
and various types. We will also discuss many other things related to a dipole
antenna and how it works in different applications.

2. What is Dipole Antenna?
Dipole antenna is also known as dipole aerial or doublet. It is a kind of Radio
Frequency antenna containing 2 conductive elements namely rides or wires. It is an
antenna that generates a radiation pattern similar to an elementary electric dipole.
Dipole antennas are very common kinds of antennas used in various applications.
They are simple to use for everyone. The term dipole means “Two poles” and it
contains two similar elements like wire or rods. The length of a metal wire is about
half of the maximum wavelength. In the center of the dipole antenna, the
conductive materials are separated via an insulator known as an antenna section.
The RF voltage source is provided in the center of the antenna. Then the voltage
and current passing through these 2 conductive elements produce electromagnetic
or radio signals. These signals are then sent outside the antenna.
“The voltage in the center of the dipole antenna is minimum while the current is
maximum. On the other hand, the current is minimum and the voltage is maximum
at both ends of the antenna.”
Dipole Antenna Design
After discussing the dipole antenna in the above section, we will further discuss the
design of a dipole antenna. This antenna mainly includes 2 conductive elements
such as wires and rods. It may also contain a wire where the feeder at both the
center and radiating sections are on one side.
In a log periodic dipole antenna, the length of a metal wire is half of the highest
wavelength. The conductive element in a Military Dipole Antenna is divided in the
middle into 2 sections via an insulator known as an antenna section. These sections
are connected to a feeder or coaxial cable in the center of an antenna.
The radiating element length depends on various factors of an antenna such as feed
impedance, center operating frequency, and so on. In the case of a dipole antenna,
the length is the most important factor.

3. Dipole Antenna Transmitter
The dipole antenna produces the radio waves in the transmitter section. The
voltage at a particular frequency is provided to the antenna. The voltage will pass
through the various elements of the antenna and the current flow will produce
magnetic and electric waves.
In an antenna, the transmitter is the main element that is made with a conductor.
The conductor takes an electric current where the intensity of the current will
change into RF radiations that travel in space.
Dipole Antenna Receiver
In the receiver section of the dipole antenna, the electromagnetic waves passing
through the antenna will produce a little voltage. This voltage makes the antenna
a source of signal for the receiver’s input.
The receiver of a dipole antenna works opposite to that of a transmitter. It gets RF
radiation and converts in into electric currents in an electric circuit that is
connected to the antenna.
How Does the Dipole Antenna Work?
RF voltage source is applied to the center of the 2 sections of a dipole antenna. The
flow of voltage and current through the two conductive elements can produce
radio or electromagnetic waves that radiate outside the antenna.
Voltage is minimum and the current is maximum in the center of the dipole
antenna. Contrary to that, the voltage is maximum and current is minimum at both
the ends of the antenna.
Different Types of Dipole Antenna
The different Types of Dipole antenna depends on different factors. Let us have a
look at the various types of a dipole antenna:
1. Folded Dipole Antenna
Collection of a two-dipole antenna that is connected separately to make a thin wire
loop is called as a folded dipole antenna. This antenna is folded back and contains
2 half-wave dipoles where one dipole is continuous and the other is divided in the

4. middle of antenna. These dipoles are folded and connected in parallel at the two
ends.
The radiation pattern of a folded dipole antenna is similar to a normal dipole
except few things. This antenna has higher input impedance and bi-directional
directivity. Normally, a folded dipole antenna comes in 2 types namely two-wire
and three-wire.
2. FM Dipole Antenna
FM dipole antenna is easy to use and it is available at low cost. These antennas are
perfect in the roof space in an internal FM antenna. FM dipole antennas can be
used after using a temporary antenna. They are half-wave half dipole vertically
polarized antennas which are used often to offer better reception of VHF FM
broadcast. These dipole antennas are used for FM broadcasting where the
frequency ranges between 88 MHz and 108 MHz.
3. Fan Dipole Antenna
Fan dipole antenna is a multi-band wire antenna and has a simple design. It
contains numerous dipole antennas that share a similar coaxial feed line. Some
nearby elements in an antenna can interfere with each other and are tightly held.
Mechanical design of an antenna is not critical as it can be arranged as an inverted
V shape in a horizontal manner.
4. Half-wave dipole antenna
In this dipole antenna, the length of a dipole is half the wavelength at the operating
frequency. It has a simple resonance structure as compared to other antennas.
Half-wave dipole antenna has an operating frequency between 3 kHz and 300 GHz.
This antenna is lightweight and cost-effective.
Final Words
This is all about a dipole antenna, its design, working and various types. A Military
Coaxial Dipole Antenna is used in radio and telecommunications for transmitting
and receiving signals. These antennas are widely used in TV and radio receivers.