The document discusses the pros and cons of traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles, and solar vehicles. Traditional fuel vehicles rely on gasoline which harms the environment through emissions, poses health risks from exposure, and contributes to dependency on fossil fuels controlled by foreign nations. Electric vehicles eliminate these issues but have drawbacks like high battery costs, long charging times, and lack of widespread charging infrastructure. Solar vehicles, which are powered entirely by solar panels, provide a solution with no emissions, fuel costs, or reliance on non-renewable resources, but have constraints around battery storage capacity limiting range.

1. SOLAR
VEHICLES
GOKUL JAYAN

2. TRADITIONAL FUEL VEHICLES
In the late 19th century, Nicolaus created the first internal engine. This engine used
gasoline(petrol) to power the vehicle more than 100 years ago. The engine has changed little
since then according to Market Watch, but many changes have occurred in the world of gasoline.
Gasoline use has major implications for the environment, health, dependency on fossil fuels.

3. CONS OF FUEL VEHICLES
• Environment
Despite recent efforts to improve fuel efficiency and reduce toxic emissions
in cars, emissions have continued to increase steadily in the past two
decades. When gasoline combusts it releases the end products of carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, which may contribute to
climate change. Even the infusion of 10% ethanol into gasoline has not
rectified the emission problem, according to Alpha Online, especially since
the conversion from ethanol to corn actually requires the use of fossil fuels.
• Health
Gasoline exposure can occur from filling your tank, from a gas leak in your
engine, or from general spills and accidents. Gasoline can contaminate
drinking water or nearby soil if you have a well system or soil near your
driveway. High levels of gasoline chemicals taken in from day-to-day
exposure like benzene may cause cancer, according to the Illinois
Department of Public Health. The long-term effects of occasional contact
with gasoline are not as widely known, but inhalation of the fumes can lead
to dizziness, headaches, confusion and breathing difficulties.

4. CONS OF FUEL VEHICLES
• Fossil Fuels Dependency
Earth is running low on fossil fuels. Even though the estimates of geologists
and oil companies predict that there is a limited amount of oil remaining,
their estimates may still be large exaggerations according to Common
Dreams. Since gasoline may run out in the next century, it is imperative to
begin making changes in the world fuel type. Other inexhaustible resources,
do not depend on fossil fuels may or may not be the answer, but coming up
with a solution prior to running out of gasoline is a must.
• Oil Politics
Currently, the Middle East holds an extreme degree of authority in the world
due to the world's dependency on the oil deposits found in that region. Other
world leaders have an inordinately large amount of control as well because
of oil, including Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Venezuela's Hugo
Chavez, according to Market Watch. If a new domestic power source for
cars could be created and harvested, these foreign leaders and nations would
not have such a stranglehold on the rest of the world due to oil.

5. ELECTRIC VEHICLES
An Electric Vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-
combustion engine . Simply, an electric car is a car which is propelled by one or more electric
motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. Such a vehicle is seen as a possible
replacement for current-generation automobile. Charging an electric car can be done at a variety
of charging stations; these charging stations can be installed in both houses and public areas.

6. PROS OF EV
• It is a solution for rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc.
• Cheaper to run: Owners of an EV have the advantage of much lower running costs. The electricity to
charge an EV works out around a third as much per kilo meter as buying petrol for the same vehicle
• Reduced harmful exhaust emissions is good news for our health. Better air quality will lead to less
health problems and costs caused by air pollution.
• EVs are also quieter than petrol/diesel vehicles, which means less noise pollution.
• Electric cars can travel only less distance .On average they have a shorter range than gas-powered cars
• Fully recharging the battery of can take up to 8 hours, and even fast charging stations take 30 minutes to
charge to 80 percent capacity.
• The battery packs within an electric car are expensive and may need to be replaced more than once over
the lifetime of the car. All electric vehicles are also more expensive than gas-powered cars
• Charging stations are less in number in developing countries like India.
CONS OF EV

7. SOLAR VEHICLES
Solar Vehicles are the key to significantly reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and electricity
and is the natural evolution of our energy infrastructure. Powering your vehicle with solar energy
provides substantial savings over purchasing gas and electricity. A solar vehicle or solar electric
vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy. which
has solar panels mounted on the rooftop of the vehicle. Usually, photovoltaic (PV) cells contained
in solar panels convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy. The term "solar vehicle"
usually implies that solar energy is used to power all or part of a vehicle's propulsion. The PV
panels on the vehicle would generate electricity to charge the batteries in the vehicle. The average
commuter will be saving about $2,000 per year in fuel costs by switching to a solar vehicle.

8. WORKING
The photons of sunlight strike the photovoltaic cells and excite the electrons. This allows an
electron flow that creates an electric current in the process. This electrical current is then used as
a “fuel” to run the vehicle.

9. SOLAR BUSES
Solar buses are the most famous among solar vehicles. The traditional fuel buses create more air
pollution than any other gasoline vehicles. So, solar bus is a remarkable invention which provide
mankind fresh air to breathe.

10. CONS OF SOLAR VEHICLES
• No Emission Of Gases: Travel without contributing air pollution to the environment.
• Preservation Of Natural Resources: Do not need any kind of fuel or oil changes, and
therefore their dependence on petroleum products is small, maybe just for lubrication of
the wheels or replacement of the parts using plastic.
• No Fuel Costs: Always the energy from the sun is unlimited and free and also as the
technology is evolving very fast, the prices of solar panels are declining, and it will come
to a time when the panels will be very affordable, and almost everyone will be able to
afford one.
• Comfortable While Driving: Since they’ve electric motors, which are relatively smaller
than that of the gas engine, and usually, they do operate without causing any noise or
vibrations. Provide faster turning and stopping since they are light in weight
• Renewable, Clean Energy Source: Since solar energy is a renewable source, the sunlight
that you use today will still be there tomorrow, and also the sun will continue to shine
billions of years to come.