SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1. 12.a. Support developing countries to strengthen
their scientific and technological capacity to move
towards more sustainable patterns of consumption
and production
GITANJALI

2. INTRODUCTION
 Relation between production and consumption
 What the various ways we can establish patterns of sustainable production and
consumption in developing countries?
 Role of developed countries in helping to establish such patterns in developing
countries
 Role of Renewable energy and its generation in developing countries to advance
them towards a more sustainable model of functioning
 Indicator 12.a.1: Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing
countries (in watts-per-capita)
 Who will manage finances and execution?
 What is my role in this execution?

3. Relation between production and consumption
Consumption and production of material goods are thoroughly
interlinked and neither could exist without the other. Production
creates the goods for consumption, and consumption realizes or
actualizes production. Any factor that affects production may
directly or indirectly affect consumption. And thus consequently,
any innovation made in the interest of sustainable development
has to be in both the processes.

4. What the various ways we can establish patterns of sustainable
production and consumption in developing countries?
Sustainable
Production
Producing devices
which are
upgradableso to
reduce the
amount of
materials used
Using windmills
and solar panels to
produce electricity
instead of coal
Using discarded
Plastic to create
roads that are
more durable
rather than using
traditional
materials
Combining heat
and power
systems to create
an efficient
system for both
Sustainable
Consumption
Replacing plastic
with more bio-
degradable
substances such
as metals in things
such as straws
Switching off
appliances when
not in use to save
resources leading
to more efficient
usage
Not disposing our
waste in rivers
leading to water
pollution
Actively recycling
products and
using recycled
products

5. What the various ways we can establish patterns of sustainable
production and consumption in developing countries?
• A circular economy is one of the current sustainable economic models, in which
products and materials are designed in such a way that they can be reused,
remanufactured, recycled or recovered and thus maintained in the economy for as
long as possible, along with the resources of which they are made, and the generation
of waste, especially hazardous waste, is avoided or minimized, and greenhouse gas
emissions are prevented or reduced.
• Instead of just focusing on completely decarbonizing the major industrial
commodities behind plastics and cement, we can also consider safely capturing the
carbon emitted when these commodities are produced. Carbon capture and storage
(CCS) allows industry to capture carbon at its source, compress it, and move it to a
suitable permanent storage site. The technology not only has the potential to
significantly reduce greenhouse-gas emissions—it can also mean more money if the
CO2 can be used profitably to make other products.

6. • Countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean, which account for a majority
of the world’s unelectrified population, can use renewable solutions like solar
energy to bring energy quickly and inexpensively to millions. Innovative financing
plans can help make previously unaffordable solar home systems (SHSs) a smart
solution for communities that are too far from a reliable grid connection.
• Developing countries can use the heat generated at various industries as a form of
energy to produce other materials or recycle it to be to used in the same industry’s
machinery.
What the various ways we can establish patterns of sustainable
production and consumption in developing countries?

7. Role of developed countries in helping to establish such patterns
in developing countries
 Developed countries can support developing countries by sending in their
expert economists, scientists and leading industrialists to impart
knowledge to the industries and their workers in these developing
countries.
 Developed countries can provide infrastructural support to developing
countries, helping them to create renewable energy sources and power
plants, thereby also providing employment to the locals of that country
and consequently giving the developing country’s economy, a boost.
 The patents for such advanced and efficient power plants can be made
public in the interest of promoting greener energy generation.
Furthermore, developed countries can send in highly skilled personnel to
these developing countries in order to familiarize them with the
machinery.

8.  The developed countries can use the power of their voices to pass eco-friendly bills at
the international level and introduce trade practices that encourage more efficient
trade of goods so as to conserve energy. Moreover, developed nations can help to
improve the economy of developing countries by promoting free trade. This will
reduce barriers to international trade such as tariffs, import quotas and export
fees and will help to lift the developing countries out of poverty and promote good
consumer practices such as proper disposal of garbage and recyclables.
Sustainability
Research and
development
in the field of
renewable
energy
Proper
knowledge
World class
infrastructure

9. Role of Renewable energy and its generation in developing countries to
advance them towards a more sustainable model of functioning
The key objective behind installing renewable energy in developing
countries is to advance economic development, improve energy
security, improve access to energy, and create sustainable models of
consumption and production. Renewable energy sources can mitigate
the need for gas powered or coal powered equipment used in various
industries thereby reducing the total emissions of these industries,
helping them create more sustainable means for production in these
developing countries. Renewable sources of energy are already
responsible for the electricity generation in developed countries
where the new renewable electricity capacity is four times the
capacity of developing countries. This fact although appearing to be
negative, allows to understand the vast untapped potential of
renewable energy that developing countries have and can invest their
money in the near future.

10. On the Bright Side….
Developing countries as a whole have
been observed to be shifting to towards
renewable energy and have taken over
the mantle for the cause from the
developed countries as can be seen from
the graph provided.

11. Indicator 12.a.1: Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in
developing countries (in watts-per-capita)

12. On observing the above mentioned data, we see that regions such as eastern asia, western
africa and latin America have noticed the most significant amount of growth in installing
renewable energy-generating capacity over a period of last 5 years. This can majorly be
attributed to the foreign aid the countries in this region receive from powers such as the
European Union and various global trade organisations. The sub Saharan African countries
however, have not seen much growth and still have vast potential for renewable energy as this
part of africa receives the most amount of sunlight compared to any other part in the worl.
The energy generated here can be channelled to countries in close proximity and can also be
used to power future industries in the area. Countries in Oceania can benefit from micro dams
being constructed to create power for regional areas.
Such energy projects can help developing countries further the goals of renewable energy
generation and eliminate the need for traditional methods of energy generation.

13. Who will manage finances and execution?
The finances and the execution of these sustainable patterns of
production and consumption will be handled by the government and the
industries at the macro level. The government can put laws into action
that punish people and industries that generate excess waste and don’t
follow norms set by the government. The industries on the other hand
can invest into building better and eco-friendly infrastructure and
mobilise towards using more renewable energy sources as their primary
source of energy. The money management has to be done by both the
government and the industries and the government could even
incentivise the use of renewable energy sources. Developed countries
can also play their part by coming to the aid of these developing
countries by providing them with the necessary expertise and giving
them financial aid. The execution of such patterns has to be handled at
the micro level also by the state and district governments. The public
welfare departments at the local level can be empowered by these
governments and provided with better equipment to ensure proper
standards are met.

14. What is my role in this execution?
As a student of this subject and as an aspiring youth of my country, I find it to be my duty to
educate and inform my peers and the rest of the population on the importance of creating a
sustainable environment for all of us to function in. India being one of the top developing
countries in the world today also has the responsibility to set a precedent for all the other
developing countries. Keeping all this in mind, me and my fellow peers can do all the following
activities to contribute to the sustainable development goal of support developing countries to
strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns
of consumption and production:
• Disseminate information about sustainable practices in industries and educate people about
reducing emissions at the ground levels such as using more energy efficient ways to produce
electricity.
• Work with industry experts to create industry wide changes and hold seminars to educate the
young masses.
• Help bring Research and Development personnel from developed countries to work with local
facilities in order to introduce new technologies of sustainable growth in various sectors.

15. What is my role in this execution?
• Help industries shift towards renewable sources of energy.
• Create sustainable consumption habits at home such as saving electricity, using energy efficient
systems, using electric cars etc.
• Use renewable source of energy such as solar power to power electronics.
• Shifting to bicycles and electric powered scooters for traversing short distances.

16. THANKYOU!