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9/28/2008
1
54. Остри интоксикации с наркотични
аналгетици – морфин и аналози. Клинична
картина. Лечение
Доц. д-р М. Мичева дм
54.1.
Интоксикация с наркотични
аналгетици
• Представители
- опиати-морфин хидрохлорид, омнопон;
- производни – хероин, дионин, кодеин,
апоморфин;
- синтeтични производни – метадон лидол- синтeтични производни метадон, лидол
54.2.
9/28/2008
2
Характеристика
• Приемат се през устата и парентерално
• Биотрансформират се в черния дроб чрез
глюкурониране, сулфатиране, деметилиране
(кодеинът, етилморфинът, хероинът се
превръщат и в морфин)
• Елиминират се с урината, жлъчката, подлагат се
на ентерохепатален цикъл (глюкурониди).
• Преминават плацентарната бариера – увреждащо
действие върху развитието на плода
54.3.
Клинична картина
• Основен синдром – церебротоксичен –
нарушено съзнание миоза нарушенонарушено съзнание, миоза, нарушено
дишане с брадипнея и апнея
• Оток на белите дробове и на мозъка
• Хиперкинезия с миоклонични гърчове
Токсичността се засилва при болни с
хронична хипоксия, хронични сърдечни
заболявания, напреднала атеросклероза.
54.4.
9/28/2008
3
Лечение
• Антидотно лечение – Налоксон
• Интубация
• Дихателна реанимация
• Стомашна промивка (вкл. при парентерално
приемане), очистителни, умерена форсирана
диуреза, аналептици
Е• Екстракорпорално очистване
54.5.

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54 ostri intox_s_narcotic_analgetics-5

  • 1. 9/28/2008 1 54. Остри интоксикации с наркотични аналгетици – морфин и аналози. Клинична картина. Лечение Доц. д-р М. Мичева дм 54.1. Интоксикация с наркотични аналгетици • Представители - опиати-морфин хидрохлорид, омнопон; - производни – хероин, дионин, кодеин, апоморфин; - синтeтични производни – метадон лидол- синтeтични производни метадон, лидол 54.2.
  • 2. 9/28/2008 2 Характеристика • Приемат се през устата и парентерално • Биотрансформират се в черния дроб чрез глюкурониране, сулфатиране, деметилиране (кодеинът, етилморфинът, хероинът се превръщат и в морфин) • Елиминират се с урината, жлъчката, подлагат се на ентерохепатален цикъл (глюкурониди). • Преминават плацентарната бариера – увреждащо действие върху развитието на плода 54.3. Клинична картина • Основен синдром – церебротоксичен – нарушено съзнание миоза нарушенонарушено съзнание, миоза, нарушено дишане с брадипнея и апнея • Оток на белите дробове и на мозъка • Хиперкинезия с миоклонични гърчове Токсичността се засилва при болни с хронична хипоксия, хронични сърдечни заболявания, напреднала атеросклероза. 54.4.
  • 3. 9/28/2008 3 Лечение • Антидотно лечение – Налоксон • Интубация • Дихателна реанимация • Стомашна промивка (вкл. при парентерално приемане), очистителни, умерена форсирана диуреза, аналептици Е• Екстракорпорално очистване 54.5.