Viral warts
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Viral warts are benign lesions caused by infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). They are classified as cutaneous or mucosal warts depending on their location. Cutaneous warts have a hard keratinous surface that may be yellow or brown, with tiny red or black dots visible that are papillary capillaries. Viral warts are infectious and can cause complications like nail dystrophy from periungal warts or pain interfering with activities from plantar warts. Diagnosis involves examining the red or black dots that appear when a wart is pared down and cause pinpoint bleeding. Treatment options include electrosurgery, which leaves scarring, or topical treatments with salicylic acid
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Warts
Warts are common skin growths caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) that can develop anywhere on the body through direct skin contact. They most often appear as small, rough bumps on the hands and feet of children and young adults. While most warts resolve on their own within a few years, treatment options aim to remove or destroy warts and include cryotherapy, salicylic acid, imiquimod cream, laser removal, or homeopathic medicines depending on wart type and location.
Viral warts
Viral warts are benign lesions caused by infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). They are classified as cutaneous or mucosal warts depending on their location. Cutaneous warts have a hard keratinous surface that may be yellow or brown, with tiny red or black dots visible that are papillary capillaries. Viral warts are infectious and can cause complications like nail dystrophy from periungal warts or pain interfering with activities from plantar warts. Diagnosis involves examining the red or black dots that appear when a wart is pared down and cause pinpoint bleeding. Treatment options include electrosurgery, which leaves scarring, or topical treatments with salicylic acid
Common Dermatological Problems
This document provides information on the presentation, diagnosis, and management of various dermatological conditions. It discusses atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, varicose dermatitis, and other conditions. For each, it describes key characteristics, assessments to perform, treatment options including emollients, topical steroids, and oral medications. It also covers bacterial, fungal, and viral skin infections, infestations like scabies and lice, vascular and autoimmune conditions, precancers and skin cancers. Management involves identifying causative agents, using topical or oral antimicrobials, and considering referral for complex cases.
Warts
Warts are benign skin growths caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. They commonly appear on hands and feet. There are several types of warts including common, plantar, flat, and filiform warts which vary in appearance and location on the body. Warts can be diagnosed through visual examination and may require a biopsy for confirmation. Treatment options chosen by dermatologists depend on the patient and wart type, and may include salicylic acid, cryotherapy, laser therapy, or immunotherapy. While warts often resolve on their own in children, treatment aims to remove warts that are painful, numerous or spreading. Self-care involves over-the-counter salicylic acid while seeing
Viral infections.+pigmentation dis...pptx
Viral infections can cause skin lesions. Molluscum contagiosum and warts are two common viral skin diseases without systemic manifestations. Molluscum contagiosum appears as pink, dome-shaped papules that are contagious through direct skin contact. Warts are caused by HPV and can appear in different forms depending on the HPV strain. Treatment options for molluscum contagiosum and warts include topical medications, cryotherapy, curettage, and imiquimod cream.
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Warts
Warts are common skin growths caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) that can develop anywhere on the body through direct skin contact. They most often appear as small, rough bumps on the hands and feet of children and young adults. While most warts resolve on their own within a few years, treatment options aim to remove or destroy warts and include cryotherapy, salicylic acid, imiquimod cream, laser removal, or homeopathic medicines depending on wart type and location.
Viral warts
Viral warts are benign lesions caused by infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). They are classified as cutaneous or mucosal warts depending on their location. Cutaneous warts have a hard keratinous surface that may be yellow or brown, with tiny red or black dots visible that are papillary capillaries. Viral warts are infectious and can cause complications like nail dystrophy from periungal warts or pain interfering with activities from plantar warts. Diagnosis involves examining the red or black dots that appear when a wart is pared down and cause pinpoint bleeding. Treatment options include electrosurgery, which leaves scarring, or topical treatments with salicylic acid
Common Dermatological Problems
This document provides information on the presentation, diagnosis, and management of various dermatological conditions. It discusses atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, varicose dermatitis, and other conditions. For each, it describes key characteristics, assessments to perform, treatment options including emollients, topical steroids, and oral medications. It also covers bacterial, fungal, and viral skin infections, infestations like scabies and lice, vascular and autoimmune conditions, precancers and skin cancers. Management involves identifying causative agents, using topical or oral antimicrobials, and considering referral for complex cases.
Warts
Warts are benign skin growths caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. They commonly appear on hands and feet. There are several types of warts including common, plantar, flat, and filiform warts which vary in appearance and location on the body. Warts can be diagnosed through visual examination and may require a biopsy for confirmation. Treatment options chosen by dermatologists depend on the patient and wart type, and may include salicylic acid, cryotherapy, laser therapy, or immunotherapy. While warts often resolve on their own in children, treatment aims to remove warts that are painful, numerous or spreading. Self-care involves over-the-counter salicylic acid while seeing
Viral infections.+pigmentation dis...pptx
Viral infections can cause skin lesions. Molluscum contagiosum and warts are two common viral skin diseases without systemic manifestations. Molluscum contagiosum appears as pink, dome-shaped papules that are contagious through direct skin contact. Warts are caused by HPV and can appear in different forms depending on the HPV strain. Treatment options for molluscum contagiosum and warts include topical medications, cryotherapy, curettage, and imiquimod cream.
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This presentation includes all all Data related to scabies and pediculosis and will helpful who want to study about scabies and pediculosis and their respective types. One thing was kept in mind while making this presentation that all area regarding topic should cover
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This document discusses viral keratitis, specifically herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis. It describes that HSV is a common cause of corneal blindness. HSV can cause a variety of ocular manifestations including dendritic ulcers, geographic ulcers, neurotrophic keratitis, stromal keratitis, and endothelitis. Treatment involves topical antiviral medications like acyclovir. Recurrent infections may lead to complications such as stromal scarring.
Skin malignancy presentation.2023.pptx
#Skin malignancy is the most common malignancy in fair-skinned populations.
#Skin malignancies are either non-melanoma or melanoma.
#A persistent skin lesion that does not heal is highly suspicious for malignancy and should be examined by a health care provider.
# Early detection and treatment can often lead to a highly favourable prognosis.
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viral derm.pptx
Viral warts are common skin growths caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. There are over 100 subtypes of HPV that can cause warts. HPV enters the superficial layers of the epidermis and causes overgrowth of skin cells, forming the wart. Warts are transmitted through direct skin contact. They most often appear on hands and feet but can also affect mucous membranes. Warts are generally diagnosed based on their appearance and may be confirmed via biopsy. Treatment options include topical salicylic acid or cryotherapy to remove the warts.
Premalignant lesions of skin
This document summarizes several premalignant lesions of the skin. It discusses actinic keratosis, which are rough, scaly patches that occur in sun-exposed skin and have a 20% risk of developing into squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous horns, keratoacanthomas, Bowen's disease, extra mammary Paget's disease, giant congenital pigmented nevi, dysplastic nevi, oral leukoplakia, and Marjolin's ulcer are also outlined. Treatment options vary depending on the specific lesion but may include photodynamic therapy, cryosurgery, topical medications, and surgical excision. Complete removal of some lesions like giant congenital pigmented nevi is difficult
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This document discusses diseases of the vulva, including benign and malignant conditions. It describes several benign vulvar lumps such as Bartholin's cyst, skin inclusion cysts, and sebaceous cysts. It also discusses non-neoplastic epithelial disorders including lichen sclerosus and squamous cell hyperplasia. Precancerous conditions like vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia are explained. Lastly, it provides an overview of vulvar carcinoma, including risk factors, staging, and treatment approaches.
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- It is usually squamous cell carcinoma and presents as abnormal bleeding or discharge. Staging involves clinical exams and imaging. Late stages can spread to lymph nodes, lungs, liver and bone.
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Skin infections and infestations are commonly seen in primary care. They include bacterial infections like impetigo and cellulitis, fungal infections such as ringworm and candidiasis, viral infections including herpes and warts, and infestations like scabies and head lice. Treatment depends on the specific infection, but may involve topical or oral antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, or insecticide creams and solutions. Accurate diagnosis is important for effective management of skin infections and infestations.
dr_SHAHEEDATH_-_skin_infections_.ppt
Skin infections and infestations can be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or infestations. Common bacterial infections include impetigo, cellulitis, and folliculitis. Fungal infections such as ringworm and candidiasis are also frequent. Viral warts and molluscum contagiosum occur commonly. Infestations like scabies and head lice can spread rapidly among close contacts. Effective treatment depends on the specific causative organism and may involve topical or oral antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, or pesticides.
dr_SHAHEEDATH_-_skin_infections_.ppt
Skin infections and infestations can be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or infestations. Common bacterial infections include impetigo, cellulitis, and folliculitis. Fungal infections such as tinea corporis, tinea capitis, and candidiasis are also frequent. Viral warts and molluscum contagiosum are prevalent viral skin infections. Infestations like scabies and head lice are widespread problems. Effective treatment depends on the specific causative organism and may involve topical or oral antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, or pesticides.
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1. Scabies and pediculosis are parasitic infestations caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite and human lice respectively.
2. Scabies causes intense itching and skin lesions due to an allergic reaction to the mite and its burrows. Common signs include burrows, papules, and excoriations.
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This document discusses pre-malignant and malignant conditions of the vulva. It begins by describing vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), the pre-malignant condition where cellular changes are limited to the epithelium. VIN is graded based on the depth of atypical cells. Vulvar cancer most commonly presents as squamous cell carcinoma in older women. Risk factors include HPV infection, smoking, and immunosuppression. Examination may reveal irregular growths or ulcers. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Treatment options depend on the grade of the lesion and include local excision, laser ablation, or topical therapies. Follow up is important due to the risk of recurrence.
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This document discusses carcinoma of the cervix, including:
- It affects over 1,25,000 women in India annually. Risk factors include early sexual activity, multiple partners, HPV infection, and low socioeconomic status.
- It is usually squamous cell carcinoma and presents as abnormal bleeding or discharge. Staging involves clinical exams and imaging. Late stages can spread to lymph nodes, lungs, liver and bone.
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Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a cancer arising from dysplastic keratinocytes that have invaded the dermis. It can develop de novo or from preexisting lesions like actinic keratosis or Bowen's disease. SCC presents as rapidly growing, painful, hyperkeratotic plaques or nodules that are often ulcerated. Risk factors include sun exposure, fair skin, older age, radiation exposure, and immunosuppression. Diagnosis is made through biopsy and treatment involves surgical excision with margins or other options like radiation for advanced cases. Actinic keratosis is a precancerous scaling plaque caused by dysplastic keratinocytes due to sun exposure.
Skin tumors
Skin tumors can be benign or malignant. Seborrhoeic keratosis is a common benign epidermal tumor unrelated to sebaceous glands that usually arises after age 50 as multiple 'stuck-on' lesions on the face and trunk. Malignant skin tumors include basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Risk factors for these cancers include sun exposure. Accurate diagnosis and treatment is important given the risk of local invasion and metastasis for malignant skin tumors.
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Skin infections and infestations are commonly seen in primary care. They include bacterial infections like impetigo and cellulitis, fungal infections such as ringworm and candidiasis, viral infections including herpes and warts, and infestations like scabies and head lice. Treatment depends on the specific infection, but may involve topical or oral antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, or insecticide creams and solutions. Accurate diagnosis is important for effective management of skin infections and infestations.
dr_SHAHEEDATH_-_skin_infections_.ppt
Skin infections and infestations can be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or infestations. Common bacterial infections include impetigo, cellulitis, and folliculitis. Fungal infections such as ringworm and candidiasis are also frequent. Viral warts and molluscum contagiosum occur commonly. Infestations like scabies and head lice can spread rapidly among close contacts. Effective treatment depends on the specific causative organism and may involve topical or oral antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, or pesticides.
dr_SHAHEEDATH_-_skin_infections_.ppt
Skin infections and infestations can be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or infestations. Common bacterial infections include impetigo, cellulitis, and folliculitis. Fungal infections such as tinea corporis, tinea capitis, and candidiasis are also frequent. Viral warts and molluscum contagiosum are prevalent viral skin infections. Infestations like scabies and head lice are widespread problems. Effective treatment depends on the specific causative organism and may involve topical or oral antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, or pesticides.
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In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
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Viral warts
- 1. VIRAL WARTS By: D. Gangadhar 4th sem
- 2. What is a viral wart? • It’s a common benign lesion caused by infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • They are classified by site as being cutaneous or mucosal
- 3. Clinical features of viral warts • Cutaneous viral warts have hard keratinous surface • They may be yellow or brown • Tiny red or black dots visible in wart are Papillary capillaries
- 4. Complications of cutaneous viral warts • Viral warts are infectious to patient and others • Periungal warts can cause nail dystrophy and destruction • Pain due to plantar warts interferes with walking and sporting activities • In epidermodysplasia verruciformis the specific HPV types can cause squamous cell carcinoma
- 5. Diagnosis • Pinpoint red or black dots are revealed when wart is pared down. • Patent capillaries cause pinpoint bleeding • Tenderness is maximal with lateral pressure for a plantar wart, whereas a corn or callus is more tender with direct pressure • Skin biopsy is sometimes required to rule out squamous cell carcinoma
- 6. Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis for cutaneous viral wart can include: • Seborrhoeic keratosis • Squamous cell carcinoma • Plantar corn and callus
- 7. Treatment | Electrosurgery • Electrosurgery (curettage and cautery) has been used for large and resistant warts • Under local anaesthetic the growth is pared away and the base is burned • The wound heals in 2 weeks or longer. • This treatment leaves a permanent scar which can be painful to walk if located on pressure site • Recurrent wart in a scar is hard to treat
- 8. Treatment | Topical • Topical treatment includes pastes or patches containing salicylic acid, podophyllin, or similar compounds which work by removing the surface skin cells • Applied once daily to the wart. 70% of warts resolve within 12 weeks of daily applications
- 9. Outcome of Viral warts • No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts • In children even without treatment, 50% disappear within 6 months and 90% in 2 years • They are likely to recur in immunosuppressed patients and tobacco smokers • Vaccines against HPV are able to prevent anogenital warts
- 10. Thank you