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1. Revendra SinghVerma College of Agriculture and Research Station
Bemetara
AN ASSIGNMENT
ON
SESSION - 2022-23
Botanical description of
Pigeon Pea
COURSE CODE - AGRO-5211
COURSE TITLE - Crop productionTechnology-1(Kharif Crops)
CREDIT - 2(1+1)
SubmittedTo-
Mr. Sanjeev Malaiya
(Assistant Professor) Submitted by-
Gajendra Kumar Sahu
B.Sc.Ag(Hons.) 2ndYear

2. Pigeon pea

3. INTRODUCTION
 Common Name: Pigeon Pea. Congo Pea,
 Red Gram,Arhar.
 Botanical Name: Cajanus cajan syn. Cajanus indicus
 Family: Fabaceae
 origin: India
 Chromosome number : 2n=22

4. IMPORTANCE
Uses:
 Food; seeds are 25% protein, can be eaten fresh or as split
dried peas, are used for dhal in India, contain 5 times more
Vitamin A and C than green peas. The leaves and young shoots
can be eaten cooked, they are fibrous and have a strong spicy
odour.
 Animal Fodder; an excellent feed for cattle, pigs and poultry.
 Green Manure; incorporate the plants as they flower.
 Mulch production; can be cut many times in a season.
 Alley cropping: provides nitrogen, habitat and soil stabilization.
 Windbreaks; suitable as a shelterbelt around vegetable.

5. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
 The major countries growing pigeon pea are India, Uganda,
Kenya, West Indies, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic in Caribban
region and Burma.
 In India, main region cultivated in Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh,
Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh.

6. ORIGIN
 Pigeon Pea Orginated In India As Is Made Likely Bythe
Presence Of Wilde Relatives, The Large diversity Of The
Gene Pool, Ample Linguitic Evidence, A Few Archaeological
Remains And Wide Home Consumption Usage.
 Some Authers Favour An African Origin.
 Australia With 15 Wild Species Of Which 13 Are Endemic, Is
Another Center Of Diversity

7. SPECIES
Cajanus species( Van Der Maesen, 1990) has 32
species:(belowing is 6 main species)
Species Synonym Most common
 Cajanus acutifolius acutifolia Rhynchosia
 C. albican Albicans Atylosia
 C. Cromaticus ----------------
 C. cajan C. idicus
 C. cajanifolius A.caranifolia
 C. cinereus A. cinerea

8. BOTANY
Root system
 Root system of pigeon pea consists of a central tap
root with numerous lateral and secondary
branches. The length of the lateral roots differs
with the variety; usually tall, upright varieties
produce longer and more deeply penetrating
roots, whereas spreading types produce shallower,
more spreading and deeper roots.

9. BOTA…..
Leaves
 Leaves are trifoliately compound: central
leaflet longer than lateral ones. The leaflets are
entire and densely silky on the lower surface,
Stipules are small; lamina hairy with the under
surface grayish due to dense hairs. The
intensity of the green color of the leaves differs
with the variety. The total length of the leaf. as
also the size, shape and texture of leaflets also
differ with the varieties.

10. BOTA……..
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is an axillary raceme often forming a
terminal panicle, The size of inflorescence varies in
different types. The flowers are distinctly
Papallionaceous. In the late maturing varieties the
flowers are usually grouped together at the ends of the
branches, but in early maturing varieties, the flowers
are produced at several points along the branches.
Usually flowers open at a time on the same
inflorescence, but the process of flowering continuous
in each plant almost up to the time of harvest. The
flowers are self pollinated, pollination takes place before
the flowers open. Cross fertilization may also occur to
some extent.

11. BOTA…………
Pods
The fruit of pigeon pea is a pod. These vary in length, width and
nature of markings. The length varieties from 5 to 10 centimeter, width
from 0.6 to 0.9 centimeter. The pods vary in color from green to dark
brown, In some types they are broad and pendant with their tips
pointing downwards while in others they are quiet erect. the seed with
in the pod may vary in number, but there are usually four to five in
each pod in late maturing varieties and two to three in early maturing
varieties.

12. Seeds
Seeds are differing in great deal in size. shape and color. Seeds
are round or lens shaped, the color of the seeds coat being
dirty white to silver white, light brown to chestnut brown.
dark mottled brown and pinkish black and the cotyledons
yellow colored.
BOTA…

13. Floral Characteristics

15.  Individual flower consist of acalyx with five sepals and coralla
with a standard petal, two wings petals, and a keel petals.
 There are 10 statements: 9 fused in a column and 1 free.
 One stigma was coverd of central 9 stamens in column.
Flower

18. ANTHESIS
• Flower start opening early in the morning in the summer
and by noon during winter,continuous opening throughout
the day. The lenght of time flowers remain open is
influenced by the weather.
pollination
 Stigma is receptive pollen before anthesis and pollination
can be done immediately after emasculation.
 Pollen in buds remained viable up to 42 hours at room
temperature (25-28°c, 50.6% humidity) and up to 11 days
in the refrigerator( 10° C, 37.5% humidity).

19. Selfing techniques
• Bagging of young bud
• Manual transfer of freshly collected pollen on stigmas of
flowers of the same plant
Crossing techniques
►Includes
▶Hand emasculation
▶Pollen collection
►Artificial pollination

20. Emasculation
 Removal of anthers from flower
 Use hand eliminate a half of bud
 Use forcep remove the anther in stamens

21. Pollen collection & pollination
 Collect pollen from the male parent during early morning.
 Pollinate on the stigma of emasculated flower
 Bag the pollinated flower to prevent out crossing

28. ThankYou!
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