introduction in biochem 1 BS nursing 1st year

1. THE CHEMISTRY OF
LIFE
Prof. Alma D. Politano
Bulacan State University

2. ⮚ Organic compounds – are carbon-containing
compounds except for carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, carbonates, cyanides, and bicarbonates
Inorganic Compounds – are compounds made of
minerals
Organic Compounds vs.
Inorganic Compounds

4. Property Organic Compound Inorganic Compound
Flammability Flammable Non-flammable
Melting point Low High
Boiling point Low High
Solubility Soluble in nonpolar liquids;
Insoluble in water
Insoluble in nonpolar liquids
Soluble in water
Kind of bond Covalent bond Ionic Bond
Kind of particles that
undergo reactions
Organic reactions usually take
place between molecules
Organic reactions usually
take place between ions
Structure Complex Simple
Components Generally, contain many
atoms
Contains relatively few
atoms
Table 1.1 Comparison Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds

5. Classes of Organic Compounds
⮚ Aliphatic compounds - Carbon atoms that may
join together to form continuous or branched
chains
⮚

6. Aromatic Compounds
⮚ These are compounds that form cyclic
structures or have a benzene-ring shape

7. Heterocyclic Compounds
⮚ They have ring structures also but contain some
other elements like oxygen and nitrogen.

9. Alicyclic Compounds
An alicyclic compound contains one or more all-
carbon rings which may be either saturated or
unsaturated, but do not have aromatic character.

11. Table 1.3 Some Members of the Alkane Series
Name Molecular Formula
Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Butane C4H10
Pentane C5H12
Hexane C6H14
Heptane C7H16
Octane C8H18
Nonane C9H20
Decane C10H22

12. IUPAC Rules in Naming
Organic Compounds
1. Pick out the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.
2. Identify that chain as the parent chain.
3. Pick out the alkyl group/groups attached to that chain.
4. Number the carbons in the chain starting at whichever end of the
chain will give the smallest number to the carbons to which the alkyl
groups are attached. The chain can be numbered in either direction,
from left to right, or from right to left.

13. 2-methylheptane
5. List the numbers and the names of the alkyl groups.
6. Use commas between numbers and a dash between a number
and a letter.
4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctane
5-ethyl-3-methyloctane

14. ⮚ Alkanes – are saturated compounds
consist of single bonds only.
Saturated Hydrocarbons

15. ⮚ Alkenes – are compounds with at
least one double bond.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

16. ⮚ Alkynes – are unsaturated hydrocarbons with
at least one triple bonds.

17. Alcohol

18. Types of Alcohol

19. Aldehyde

20. Ketones

21. Ether

22. Carboxylic Acid

23. Ester

24. Alkyl Halide

25. Amines