NERA: Network of European Research Infrastructures for Earthquake Risk Assessment and Mitigation, Work Package 7: Development of a European Building Stock Inventory

1. Work Package 7
Development of a European Building
Stock Inventory
NERA Third Year Meeting, 11th -12th Nov 2013

2. NA6-JRA5
Building
Taxonomy &
Data concept
Update structural models
and fragility functions
based on field testing
Fragility
Manager
NA9
Web app to
capture building data
Capacity/Fragility:
Individual building
Timeindependent
hazard
Capacity/Fragility:
Building class
Timedependent
hazard
Urban scale
time-independent
risk assessment
Capacity/Fragility:
Individual building
(damaged)
Exposure:
Individual
building
&
Building
classes
Single building
time-independent
risk assessment
Single building
time- dependent
risk assessment
Urban scale
time-dependent
risk assessment
Capacity/Fragility:
Building class
(damaged)
NA7
European inventory
Tool
JRA4
Capacity of
damaged buildings
OpenQuake
JRA4
S te
tra gies a tools for R l T e E
nd
ea im arthqua R R duction
ke isk e
G nt a
ra gree e n° 2 8
m nt
82 62
Engine
EQvis
NA6-JRA5
Update structural models
and fragility functions
based on field testing
Database
R AKT- S
E
trategies and tools for R l T eE
ea im ArthquakeR
isK
SP-BELA

3. NA6-JRA5
Building
Taxonomy &
Data concept
Update structural models
and fragility functions
based on field testing
Fragility
Manager
NA9
Web app to
capture building data
Capacity/Fragility:
Individual building
Timeindependent
hazard
Capacity/Fragility:
Building class
Timedependent
hazard
Urban scale
time-independent
risk assessment
Capacity/Fragility:
Individual building
(damaged)
Exposure:
Individual
building
&
Building
classes
Single building
time-independent
risk assessment
Single building
time- dependent
risk assessment
Urban scale
time-dependent
risk assessment
Capacity/Fragility:
Building class
(damaged)
NA7
European inventory
Tool
JRA4
Capacity of
damaged buildings
OpenQuake
JRA4
S te
tra gies a tools for R l T e E
nd
ea im arthqua R R duction
ke isk e
G nt a
ra gree e n° 2 8
m nt
82 62
Engine
EQvis
NA6-JRA5
Update structural models
and fragility functions
based on field testing
Database
R AKT- S
E
trategies and tools for R l T eE
ea im ArthquakeR
isK
SP-BELA

4. Key Objectives
• Develop a European Building Database with the four levels of
resolution:
• Provide European input to the Global Exposure Database of the
Global Earthquake Model (GEM).

5. What have we done?
In the first 3 years we have:
• Identified large number of building inventory experts in Europe.
• Organised two workshops with aforementioned experts.
• Identified and collected data from national census and local
building surveys.
• Developed algorithms for estimating building count and area from
proxy data.
• Interacted with the Global Exposure Database to design the level
0/1/2/3 exposure data models (to which the NERA data will be
added) and templates and tools for collecting and uploading data.
• Produced Level 0/1 data for Europe.
• Developed and trialled methods for testing regional exposure data
using test bed data.

6. Workshops
• 23rd-24th May 2011 NERA/GEM Building Inventory Workshop
• 19th April 2012 Building Inventory Validation Meeting

7. What data do we need for Level 0/1?
Various types of data are needed per administrative area for
urban/rural areas:
• Total number of buildings
• List of common building typologies
• Building fraction per building typology
• Average floor area per building typology
• Average replacement cost per metre square (ideally per building
typology)
• Total number of dwellings
• Average number of dwellings per building (per building typology)
• Average number of people per dwelling
• Dwelling fraction per building typology
• Average dwelling floor area
• Average floor area per capita

8. What data do we need for Level 0/1?
Various types of data are needed per administrative area for
urban/rural areas:
• Total number of buildings
• List of common building typologies
• Building fraction per building typology
• Average floor area per building typology
• Average replacement cost per metre square (ideally per building
typology)
• Total number of dwellings
• Average number of dwellings per building (per building typology)
• Average number of people per dwelling
• Dwelling fraction per building typology
• Average dwelling floor area
• Average floor area per capita
Minimum requirements

9. Level 0/1 Database Schema

10. Various Levels of Resolution
Level 0 = Admin Level 0
Level 1 = Admin Level 1/2/3/4..

11. National Census Data
Number of buildings

12. National Census Data
Number of dwellings

13. National Census Data-Region Facts
Albania
Andorra
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Greenland
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Kosovo
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Number of
Buildings
598267
3641
1764455
1630267
3681826
2060745
2115886
1534526
214831
1258095
14916500
18204355
3071950
2702183
11226595
247680
352087
10383
511321
130091
Number of
Dwellings
1012400
3757409
3893638
5179638
1055000
3887076
2257515
431059
4756672
2748675
648258
2865568
32951565
39675564
5465167
23112
4064653
130019
1994845
29074722
412519
1035126
15463
1280171
169266
Average number of
dwellings per
building
1.69
Average number of
people
per building
4.68
2.13
2.39
1.41
4.47
5.77
2.48
1.88
3.54
2.03
2.25
1.79
3.02
2.28
2.21
2.18
1.78
4.77
3.64
6.03
4.24
4.49
2.49
1.59
3.88
1.06
2.59
1.67
2.81
1.49
2.50
1.30
2.40
5.08
6.14
3.51
5.97
3.61
Average number of
people
per dwelling
3.92
2.44
2.04
2.41
2.11
3.27
1.88
1.90
1.94
2.17
2.03
2.00
1.86
2.28
2.06
2.82
2.43
2.43
4.09
2.73
2.05
5.90
2.09
2.36
2.38
2.55

14. Population Density Layer
Gridded population datasets are available (e.g. LandScan; GRUMP;
Gallego, 2010), and can be further calibrated using local, up-to-date
population census collected for Europe.

15. Building Density Layer
Building Algorithms:
i) Disaggregate building count using population grid OR obtain
building count from dwelling info (one of 5 methods depending
on available info), and then disaggregate on grid using
population grid
ii) Estimate built area (with one of 3 methods, depending on
available info)
iii) Estimate replacement cost (from built area and average
replacement cost per metre squared)

16. Building/Dwelling Fractions
Building typologies
described using GEM
Building Taxonomy
v2.0 (Brzev et al 2012):

17. Need for Urban/Rural Distinction

18. Building/Dwelling Fractions
Building/Dwelling fractions: percentages of dwellings/buildings per
building typology in a specific administrative area (ideally divided
by urban and rural)
Sources of building/dwelling fractions:
• PAGER-STR, 2008
• JRC IMPRO-Building Project, 2008
• Census and Statistical data combined with available sources and
expert opinion
We are also developing urban/rural building fractions for countries
without good census data (e.g. Bosnia-Herzigovina, Croatia,
Montenegro, Serbia) using EU-Corine landuse data, Google Street
view, satellite data, feedback from EAEE members

19. Building/Dwelling Fractions
Dwelling fractions from PAGER-STR

20. Building/Dwelling Fractions
Building fractions from JRC IMPRO-Building Project

21. Building/Dwelling Fractions
Building/Dwelling fractions from Census and Statistical data
combined with available sources and expert opinion:
Example. Cyprus-Level 0, dwelling fractions, sources: Census 2011
and various information

22. Building/Dwelling Fractions
Example. Bulgaria-Level 0, building fractions, sources: Census 2011

23. Building/Dwelling Fractions
Example. Bulgaria-Level 1, building fractions, sources: Census 2011

24. Building/Dwelling Fractions
Work-in-progress. Bosnia: Aerial imagery, Google Street View

25. What do we have now for Level 0/1?
• Dwelling/building data for 45 European countries to allow a 30arc second grid of building count and area to be estimated.
• Level 0 building/dwelling fractions for 45 European countries
(building upon work from the PAGER project, JRC IMPROBuilding Project and Census data), to allow the above grid to be
disaggregated between different building typologies (described
with GEM building taxonomy v2.0).
• Level 1 building/dwelling fractions for 18 European countries
(e.g. Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Portugal,
Slovenia, Turkey) using census data and other sources to define
building typologies.

26. Level 2 Database Schema and Tools

27. Level 2 Data
Cyprus, Level 2 gridded data (EMME project)
Portugal, Level 2 gridded data (Vitor Silva)

28. Level 3 Database Schema and Tools
GEM Android and Windows Direct
Observation tools – data directly
imported to level 3 database
Scripts to be produced to port available
individual building data to level 3
database

29. Level 3 Data
Example. Visp, Switzerland (and possibly also Sion, Renens, Bulle, Prilly, Yverdon)
Fäh et al. (2012) “Coupled
seismogenic geohazards in alpine
regions
<http://dx.doi.org/10.4430/bgta0048
>“, Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed
Applicata, 53, December 2012.

30. Testing Regional Inventory Data
We have also produced a methodology to validate the building
inventory database to be developed for Europe.
Steps:
• Obtain detailed building-by-building ground truth data collected
in previous projects.
• Obtain at least 10 validation datasets or test-bed areas.
• Propose metrics for testing the inventory data (e.g. Chi-squared
test on distributions, modal building type, damage estimations).
• Apply to the PAGER global inventory database whilst the
European database is being developed.
• Apply to the NERA inventory (level 0 and 1) as it is developed.

31. Testing Regional Inventory Data
• 8 countries, 10 Test Bed Areas (TBAs).
• Lisbon, Grenoble, Vienna, Val D’Agri villages (Marsicovetere, Villa
d’Agri, Sarconi), Torre del Greco, Pylos, Thessaloniki, Bucharest,
Zeytinburnu

32. Testing Regional Inventory Data
Actual building
fractions
PAGER building
fractions

33. Deliverables
• D7.1) Identification of key players in European building inventory data
collection: Task 7.1 [month 6]
• D7.2) State-of-the-art knowledge of building inventory data in Europe:
Task 7.1 [month 12]
• D7.3) European building classification: Task 7.2 [month 24]
• D7.4) European building inventory database: Task 7.3 [month 30]
• D7.5) Census data collection and harmonisation for Europe: Task 7.4
[month 36]
• D7.6) Long-term sustainability plan for the building inventory database:
Task 7.6 [month 48]

34. Deliverables
• D7.1) Identification of key players in European building inventory data
collection: Task 7.1 [month 6] (v1)
• D7.2) State-of-the-art knowledge of building inventory data in Europe:
Task 7.1 [month 12] (v1 and v2)
• D7.3) European building classification: Task 7.2 [month 24] (v1, v2, v3)
• D7.4) European building inventory database: Task 7.3 [month 30] (v1)
• D7.5) Census data collection and harmonisation for Europe: Task 7.4
[month 36] (v1 – still needs to be uploaded to website, v2 expected)
• D7.6) Long-term sustainability plan for the building inventory database:
Task 7.6 [month 48]

35. Publications
Crowley, H., Ozcebe, S., Spence, R., Foulset-Piggott, R., Erdik, M., Alten,
K. “Development of a European Building Inventory Database.” (2012)
Proceedings of 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,
Lisbon, Portugal.
Spence, R., Foulser-Piggott, R., Pomonis, A., Crowley, H., Guéguen P.,
Masi, A., Chiauzzi, L., Zuccaro, G., Cacace,F., Zülfikar, C., Markus, M.,
Schaefer, D., Sousa, M.L., Kappos, A.J. (2012) “The European building
stock inventory: creating and validating a uniform database for
earthquake risk modelling.” Proceedings of 15th World Conference on
Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal.

36. Next Steps and Sustainability Plan
• Produce maps of European Level 0 and Level 1 data currently
inside the Global Exposure Database (EUCENTRE).
• Produce script for mapping data from building data collection
tool of NA9 to level 3 schema (EUCENTRE/VCE)
• Continue to developing building fractions for countries with
limited census data and update Deliverable 7.5 (CAR)
• Engage experts, in particular for reviewing building typologies
per country and dwelling/building fractions (CAR, KOERI, AIT)
• Test the database using validation test cases and across datasets
for countries where level 0/1/2/3 data is available (CAR)
• Review from wider community (final review workshop to be
organised in 2014 – in conjunction with 15ECEE in Istanbul?)
(KOERI?)
• Produce sustainability plan – Deliverable 7.6, likely to be
achieved through a collaboration between GEM and EFEHR

37. Thank you

38. Other Objectives
• To increase the representation of European structural engineers
within the activities of NERA (through workshops).
• To discuss the state-of-the-knowledge of buildings in Europe
and to identify where gaps exist.
• To discuss and share opinions on various aspects related to
developing a European Building Inventory Database: resolution
aspects, required building attributes, methods for developing
building inventories.
• To share the state of knowledge on the quality, composition and
availability of data related to buildings in Europe.
• To review the activities of the Risk Global Components of the
Global Earthquake Model and provide feedback, from a
European context.
• To investigate methods for testing building inventory data.