2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
1. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) CNOOC SES Ltd.
BAB IX
FASILITAS DAN OPERASI
SUMUR PROUKSI SEMBUR ALAM
2. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
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separator
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Tank
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Surface Production System
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Injection
3. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
• Well head
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Peralatan Produksi
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PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
BAB I
SUMUR PRODUKSI SEMBUR ALAM
X-mas Tree (Double Wing)
Tubing Head Spools
6. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
BAB 1
SUMUR PROUKSI SEMBUR ALAM
Untuk suatu lapangan migas dimana kondisi tekanan dan
temperatur cukup tinggi, maka baik peralatan dibawah
permukaan dan dipermukaan harus dirancang untuk tahan
pada kondisi tekanan dan temperatur tersebut. Khusus untuk
peralatan (fasilitas) produksi dipermukaan (surface facilities)
serta problematik yang sering terjadi pada peralatan tersebut
pada eksploitasi lapangan migas, akan dibahas menurut
kelompoknya sebagai berikut:
Fasilitas Produksi Sumur
Peralatan pada sumur gas adalah merupakan semua
peralatan yang ada pada sumur meliputi wellhead equipment,
christmast tree, surface choke serta manometer yang berupa
temperature gauge dan pressure gauge.
7. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
BAB 1
SUMUR PROUKSI SEMBUR ALAM
Wellhead Equipment
Fungsi dari wellhead adalah untuk mengontrol operasi
atau aktivitas dipermukaan sumur, yaitu menyekat
untuk mencegah kebocoran fluida formasi atau
tersembur di permukaan.
Secara periodik seorang operator harus melakukan
inspeksi di kepala sumur dan mencatat tekanan dan
temperatur alir sumur tersebut, serta memperhatikan
safety yang harus dilakukan terhadap keamanan kepala
sumur, terlebih lagi pada sumur gas.
8. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Deskripsi Peralatan
Serangkaian pipa produksi permukaan dan
asesorisnya dipasang di wellhead yang
bertujuan untuk :
• mengontrol laju produksi
• start-up dan shutdown
• memonitor reservoir
• melakukan work over
18. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Well Head : merupakan
peralatan kontrol di
permukaan yang terbuat
dari baja, membuat suatu
sistem seal atau penyekat
untuk menahan semburan
liar kebocoran cairan
sumur ke permukaan
yang tersusun atas casing
head dan tubing head.
20. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Nama Alat : Casing Head
Fungsi : Meredusir tekanan gas yang mungkin timbul diantara casing
string dan mengalirkan fluida diannulus (produksi).
Mekanisme : Casing head housing tipe SPA ini terdiri dari dua jenis yang
sesuai dengan cara yang diinginkan untuk menyusun/memasang casing yaitu
dengan box threat atau dengan seat for welding. Casing head housing
dilengkapi ulir dibagian dalam untuk sambungan dengan casing lainnya.
Letak : Terletak di atas casing.
22. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Nama Alat : Casing Hanger
Fungsi : Meredusir tekanan gas yang mungkin timbul diantara casing
string dan mengalirkan fluida diannulus (produksi)
Mekanisme : Casing hanger merupakan fitting (sambungan) tempat
menggantungkan casing. Diantara casing string pada casing head terdapat
seal untuk menahan fluida keluar. Casing hanger terletak diantara casing
string pada casing head.
Letak : Di well head
23. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Chritmas Tree Untuk Sumur Gas Bertekanan Tinggi
24. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Christ Mastree
Master Valve (Gambar 2) adalah suatu katup utama dioperasikan secara manual
yang dipasang paling bawah pada X-mas tree tersebut. Katup ini biasanya tetap
terbuka lebar dan hanya ditutup kalau diperlukan perbaikan peralatan valve dll
diatasnya atau sumur akan ditutup dalam waktu lama. Kadang-kadang bila perlu
dipasang satu master valve lagi dibawahnya (disebut lower master valve) yang
hanya dipakai kalau perlu pergantian di master valve atasnya. Untuk menutup
master valve maka valve-valve yang lain dialiran hilit tersebut harus sudah ditutup
terlebih dahulu.
Swab Valve : Katup ini dipasang di atas X-mas agar kalau dibuka maka tekanan
sumur bisa mencapai top adapter X-mas treenya. Top adapter ini dilengkapi
dengan hubungan ulir untuk bisa diberi needle valve yang kecil dengan pressure
gague. Selain itu disini bisa diambil sample atau venting bila perlu. Membuka
needle valve disini harus hati-hati karena mungkin akan ada tekanan tinggi.
Bagian top adapter ini juga disambungkan ke wireline rubricator bila dilakukan
wireline.
Wing Valve. Ini adalah katup yang biasa digunakan untuk buka tutup sumur. Katup
ini adalah katup yang paling akhir dioperasikan waktu membuka sumur tetapi yang
pertama kali ditutup kalau mau menutup sumur. Wingvalve perlu dibuka lambat-
lambat agar tak ada dorongan fluida dan gas masuk flowline. Selam produksi
wingfalfe selalu terbuka.
25. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
• Christmas Tree
Peralatan yang dipasang terdiri dari berbagai valve,
flange dan pipa-pipa.
Terdapat dua tipe christmas tree:
– Solid block, tipe ini memiliki sebuah central solid
unit dengan beberapa valve pada pre-constructed
body
– Conventional, tipe ini dibangun dari berbagai valve
tersendiri yang dirangkai secara utuh dari
komponen-komponen lain sehingga terbentuk
sebuah christmas tree
26. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Solid block chritmas tree
Conventional chritmas tree
Tipe christmas tree
27. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Christmas tree terdiri dari peralatan-peralatan:
• Tubing Master Valve
Jenis manual gate valve (valve induk) berfungsi untuk
mengatur aliran dari dasar sumur.
• Tubing Valve
Manual gate valve dioperasikan saat operasi wireline,
penutupan untuk waktu lama atau perbaikan di wellhead.
• Wing Valve
Manual gate valve dipergunakan untuk operasi tutu dan
buka sumur secara normal.
• Check valve
Fungsi : mencegah aliran balik dari flowline ke sumur.
29. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
• Swab Valve
Manual gate valve yang dibuka untuk membiarkan
tekanan fluida mencapai top adaptor untuk membaca
tekanan atau mengambil sampel.
• Top Adaptor
Peralatan yang terletak di puncak swab valve dgn
threaded connection untuk memperkecil ukuran
pemasangan needle valve.
Needle valve berfungsi untuk tempat pengambilan
sampel atau pembacaan tekanan wellhead.
30. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Gambar 3 Conventional Christmas Tree
Conventional Christmas Tree
31. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
• Safety Valve
Bekerja secara otomatis menutup bila tekanan
flowline > atau < tekanan yang telah diset.
Safety valve melindungi flowline bila tekanan
wellhead terlalu besar dan melindungi sumur jika
tekanan flowline terlalu kecil.
32. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
4 type safety valve :
– The Safomatic
Melepaskan bola baja ke dalam flowstream. Tekanan
minyak mendorong dan menahan bola pada suatu
tempat, ter-reset scr manual.
– The Manumatic
Digerakan scr pneumatic aktuator dikontrol dgn pilot
yang kontinu memonitor tekanan flowline. Gate
terbuka scr otomatis jika tekanan di flowline kembali normal.
– The Baker Submersibel
Berupa gate valve, dipasang di wellhead untuk flooding.
Sistem kerja manumatic valve, kecuali aktuator digerakan
dgn tekanan hidrolika.
– The Cameron Type FC
Digerakkan scr hidrolik dgn piston. Gate terbuka scr
otomatis jika tekanan flowline kembali normal. Auto/open
switch berhubungan untuk operasi manual.
33. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
• Storm Choke
– Digunakan untuk tubing safety valve, di pasang di
dalam tubing pada kedalaman 1000 meter (lihat
Gambar 4).
– Fungsi : menutup scr otomatis bila terjadi aliran
terlalu tinggi (wellhead atau pipe line di permukaan
meledak).
– Prinsip kerja (Gambar 5), di desain normally open.
– Membuka kembali storm choke : memberikan
tekanan tubing dari permukaan atau menggunakan
wireline dan menyeimbangkan prong ke bawah
string (tekanan di upstream dan downstream harus
seimbang)
36. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Choke
Suatu choke adalah regulator yang
akan mengatur aliran fluida dari sumur
laju aliran dapat ditentukan dengan
studi IPR disumur tsb dengan nodal
analysis.
Jenis-jenis choke:
• Multiple orifice
• Rotary
• Ajustable (dengan
changeable bean dari
tungsten alloy)
37. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
• Multiple Orifice Valve
– Mengandung choke dan dapat mengatur pembukaan
diameter tanpa menutup aliran dari sumur.
– Terdiri dari dua porcelain disc (back disc dan front
disc), didudukkan pada steel seat.
– Salah satu disc pada posisi statis sedangkan lainnya
dapat berputar (rotasi) sampai posisi tepat untuk
mengontrol aliran.
– Choke sangat riskan terhadap erosi, sehingga tidak
dipakai pada sumur yang memproduksi pasir.
40. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) Gambar Rotary Choke
• Rotary Chokes
Choke ini menggunakan piringan berindex dengan
enam ukuran bean. Ukuran tersebut dicocokkan
dengan range produksi disumurnya untuk isolasi
nanti dipakai blank bean. Choke semacam ini kurang
populer. Gambar menunjukkan suatu choke
semacam ini (Gambar 7).
41. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
AD. 3. Adjustable choke dengan bean yang bisa
ditukar dan positive choke.
Choke semacam ini menggunakan prinsip needle
valve dan terdiri dari master bean dengan bean yang
bisa menyempit atau melebar karena stem yang
digerakkan. Gambar 9 menunjukkan choke ini. Jenis
yang lain dimana beannya konstan disebut positive
choke dan paling awet serta digunakan dibanyak
sumur (Gambar 8). Jenis choke ini biasanya dibuat
dua dikiri kanan seperti gambar 2 sehingga bila mau
menukar choke maka aliran yang satu dibuka
kemudian yang ke choke yang mau diganti ditutup
dan nanti aliran dikembalikan ke choke baru lagi dst.
44. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
OPERASI RUTINE DI WELLHEAD
Kerja rutine yang harus dilakukan di wellhead :
•Membaca tekanan secara rutine
•Mencek injeksi kimia dan mengatur kalau perlu cek juga apakah
masih banyak reservoir zat kimia tersebut.
•Mengambil sample fluida seperlunya.
•Mencek keadaan peralatan di wellhead dan sekitarnya apakah ada
kebocoran dan kerusakan.
•Kalau ada safety valve (offshore) cek apakah masih baik tekanan
pneumatiknya.
•Mencek setting dari choke dan membandingkan dengan sebelumnya,
melaporkan perubahannya.
•Mencek dan mengatur pada gas lift well:
Tekanan gas lift injection kalau gas lift well
Tekanan gas
Laju gas
Gas cycle kalau intermittent
•Mempersiapkan peralatan dan memonitor pemeliharaan peralatan.
Dan sumur tsb.
•Mencek pagar di sumur tsb dan keamanan sumur tsb.
•Mengoperasikan katup untuk membuka atau menutup sumur.
45. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Membuka atau Menutup Sumur
Langkah-langkah untuk membuka sumur gas atau minyak adalah :
•Periksalah apakah semua pipa aliran ke hilir (flow line, manifold dll)
telah terbuka.
•Cek nomor sumur dengan control room
•Cek bahwa semua flow line dan well head dan semua vent dan drain
tertutup.
•Cek bahwa sistem pneumatic (kalau ada) bekerja dengan baik
•Kalau disitu terdapat injeksi kimia maka dapat bekerja baik
•Cek ukuran choke
•Cek dengan urutan berikut :
1.Wing valve tertutup
2.Master valve (S) terbuka
3.Pressure gauge ada di top X-Mas Tree, Swab valve terbuka
4.Flow line valve dan safety valve terbuka
•Catat beberapa tekanan di log sheet
•Hubungi control room bahwa sumur sudah siap untuk di buka, lambat-
lambat buka Wing valve, jangan menyebabkan surging fluida.
•Hubungi control room memberitahukan bahwa Wing valve sudah
terbuka.
•Start injeksi zat kimia dan atur laju injeksi ke laju yang direncanakan
•Biarkan sampai stabil, baca tekanan lagi dan dicatat.
46. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Menutup Sumur Minyak atau Gas
Sumur flowing atau gas lift atau pompa di tutup (shut in) untuk
perbaikan dan mungkin karena produksi harus dihentikan.
Selain itu juga perlu dilakukan pengukuran tekanan (pressure
build up) atau shut in head pressure (SHIP) pada tubing
produksinya. Hal ini yang dinanti akan dilaporkan ke Dept.
Exploitasi.
Menutup sumur sebentar untuk mengambil harga tekanan shut
in. Setelah memberitahu control operator bahwa sumur akan
segera di tutup dan menegaskan nomor sumur, operator akan
menutup wing valve dan menunggu stabilnya tekanan,
mencatat lalu meminta ijin control operator untuk membuka
kembali sumurnya. Buka wing valve lambat-lambat agar tidak
terjadi surging.
Untuk menutup semua dalam waktu lama bagi perbaikan di
sumur misalnya maka penutupan mungkin akan meliputi master
valve dan lain-lain.
47. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Flowline dan Manifold
Menghubungkan wellhead dengan stasiun pengumpul
Beberapa standar dalam pendesainan fasilitas produksi
minyak :
• ANSI B.31.1 – Power Piping
Berdasarkan penggunaan uap dan dipakai oleh US Cost Guard pada semua
rig.
• ANSI B.31.3 – Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery
Piping
Digunakan US Minera Management Service untuk offshore platform.
• ANSI B.31.4 – Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping
System
Digunakan untuk fasilitas produksi di darat.
• ANSI B.31.8 – Gas Transmition and Distribution Piping
System
Digunakan pada jaringan pipa fasilitas produksi di darat, transportasi dan
distribusi gas.
48. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Flow line
Stasion pengumpul
Menghubungkan antara wellhead dengan
stasion pengumpul
49. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Transfer Lines
Dari well head ke proses akan melalui flow line
dan trunk line menuju inlet header dari production
plant atau satellite. Trunk line ini akan dilewatkan
dengan di bawah permukaan tanah kalau
menyeberang jalan. Menaruh pipe line di
permukaan tanah menyebabkan karat dan
kerusakan lainnya sehingga operator harus
menginspeksi kalau hal ini terjadi.
50. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Flow Lines
Flow line mulai dari wing valve di well
head dan pada flow line ini dilengkapi
dengan isolation valve, check valve dan
sample connection.
51. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Ligatures
Titik dimana flow line bertemu dengan trunk line
disebut ligature, suatu valve manifold yang bisa
mengarahkan aliran ke beberapa trunk line atau
header. Misalnya gas bertekanan tinggi melalui
ligature untuk disampaikan ke beberapa trunk line
atau test header pada sistem gas. Dengan
membuka atau menutup valve disitu maka operator
dapat mengarahkan gas dari sumur ke sistem high
pressure (HP) atau medium pressure (MD) trunk
line atau ke plant test header. Untuk menghindarkan
aliran balik sering dipakai check valve.
52. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Manifold
Stasion pengumpul
Mengumpulkan fluida reservoir
yang dihasilkan dari beberapa
sumur sebelum dialirkan ke
stasion pengumpul utama
53. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
• Manifold
Bentuk pengumpulan fluida reservoir yang dihasilkan
oleh beberapa sumur yang tersebar di beberapa areal
sebelum dialirkan melalui flowline utama ke stasiun
pengumpul minyak
• Arrival Manifold
Fungsi : pengumpul fluida produksi dari berbagai
sumur yang selanjutnya dikirim ke unit pemisahan
untuk suatu treatment dan pengukuran tertentu. –
- selected separator
– test separator
– tankage
– burning pit
• Manifold dapat dibagi:
– test manifold
– production manifold.
56. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
MELINDUNGI PIPELINE TERHADAP
KARAT
External Corrosion
Kebanyakan transfer line dibuat dari carbon steel
yang bisa berkarat. Pipeline dipermukaan akan
terkena uap air dan hujan serta oksigen udara,
panas dan lain-lain. Dengan mencat pipeline dengan
bahan zinc based paint, setelah dibersihkan terlebih
dahulu, maka akan lebih awet asal tidak terjadi
“holiday” pada coating tersebut serta tidak tergores.
Pipeline yang ditanam dalam tanah dibungkus oleh
self-addeshive plastic tape sebelum ditempatkan
disitu.
57. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
MELINDUNGI PIPELINE TERHADAP
KARAT
Internal Corrosion
Untuk internal corrosion maka diperlukan injeksi inhibitor
kimiawi untuk bisa membentuk film di dinding dalam pipanya.
Proses ini disebut chemisorption. Laju injeksi inhibitor
tergantung pada fluida yang lewat, lajunya, tekanan,
temperature dan tingkat korosivenya. Untuk itu digunakan
beberapa tes coupon pada pipelinenya.
Suatu pipa besi dipermukaan tanah akan mempunyai potensial
listrik alamiah yang menyebabkan adanya arus aliran listrik dan
ini menyebabkan karat. Untuk mencegahnya maka arus ini
perlu dihentikan dengan isolasi (insulating joints atau broken
joints) ditaruh di well head dan pada plant manifold.
Pencegah karat lain adalah cathodict protection, dimana
diadakan arus buatan untuk menetralkan arus alamiah tersebut
dan untuk itu diberi sacrifice anode.
.
58. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Overpressure dan Rupture Protection
pada Transfer Line
Transfer line dilindungi terhadap pecah oleh karena
overpressure dengan rupture disc atau PSV yang
ditempatkan di plant inlet manifold. Kalau tekanan
berlebihan maka rupture disc pecah dan PSV
terbuka untuk mengalirkan tekanan ke sistem blow
down atau LP (Low Pressure) sistem.
Safety valve ditempatkan di well head atau transfer
line pada inlet manifold. SDV pada plant inlet
manifold akan otomatis tertutup pada low atau high
pressure yang terdeteksi di flow line/ trunk line. SDV
juga akan tertutup jika plants emergency shut down
(ESD) terjadi.
59. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Overpressure dan Rupture Protection
pada Transfer Line
Di bawah ini yang akan terjadi kalau kondisi operasi tidak
normal karena safety valve otomatis tertutup untuk mengisolasi
transfer line dari plan inlet manifold :
Low pressure di transfer line terbaca di pressure switch low
(PSL) di plant manifold di bagian hulu dari SDV. Low pressure
mungkin menunjukkan kebocoran di transfer line.
High pressure terlihat di flow line di tangkap oleh PSH
(Pressure Switch High) pada flow line.
Kalau terjadi kebakaran atau plants ESD
Gambar 10 memperlihatkan Skema dari Sistem Demikian.
Safety valve juga bisa ditutup oleh operator dari lokal operating
panel. Kalau penyebab tertutupnya safety valve sudah
dibenarkan, operator bisa me-reset dari lokal mini panel. Untuk
keselamatan kerja maka SDV harus dipelihara.
61. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Sistem Injeksi Kimia
Sistem Injeksi Kimia di flow line adalah untuk
menghambat karat. Sistem ini terdiri dari drum
reservoir zat kimia, pompa dan meter dan injection
point. Reservoir zat kimia diberi sight glass untuk
melihat berapa isinya. Injeksi diatur pada sistem
tersebut dengan mengatur kecepatan pompa.
Biasanya pompa bisa diatur dengan sistem
pneumatic. Banyak injeksi ini harus dimonitor setiap
kali agar tidak kurang atau kebanyakan. Kalau
sumur ditutup untuk waktu yang lama, maka pompa
ini harus dimatikan dan valve diisolasi.
62. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Packer : untuk menyekat annulus tubing dengan
casing pada zona produktif.
64. PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
Well Head : merupakan
peralatan kontrol di
permukaan yang terbuat
dari baja, membuat suatu
sistem seal atau penyekat
untuk menahan semburan
liar kebocoran cairan
sumur ke permukaan
yang tersusun atas casing
head dan tubing head.