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The Next Cascadia Tsunami Preparedness is Key to Saving Lives
- 3. Source: bloomberg.com Japanese dock reaches Oregon shore
- 5. The Next Cascadia Tsunami Preparedness is Key to Saving Lives ESS 418 Frances Lin Professor Kate Huntington
- 6. Megathrust Earthquakes • world’s largest recorded earthquake • M8 or more • occur at major subduction zones • can cause deadly tsunami Source: ThinkQuest.org
- 7. Generation of a Tsunami 1. tectonic plates converge, resulting in… subducting underneath the other plate 2. two plates lock together… 3. tremendous amount of energy builds up until… overriding plate bounces back and lift the water 4. trigger tsunami When moving waves reach the shore… 1. 2. 3. 4. (Atwater, 2005., Sieh, 2006)
- 8. The 2011 Japanese tsunami aftermath Source: CRS Voices
- 9. H.K. Pushpa with her husband after the 2004 tsunami hit the Galle area of Sri Lanka. She lost her husband and her home… Source: Concordia University Magazine
- 10. Earthquake Tsunami – Major Cause of Deaths Sumatra-Andaman tsunamis in 2004 • western Indonesia • Dec. 26 • 280,000 deaths (Sieh, 2006) Tōhoku tsunami in 2011 • eastern Japan • Mar. 11 • 25,000 lives (Parker, 2012)
- 11. Cascadia Subduction Zone • along the Pacific Northwest region of North America and northern California… • extends 1100 km from northern Vancouver to northern California (USGS, 2013) (Hyndamn and Wang, 1995)
- 12. Lack of reoccurrence since 1700 • at least seven earthquakes • averaged 500-year interval – ranges from 300 to 700 • none since 1700 • now. do the math… Source: Wikipedia Great Earthquake Summary est. year interval (years) 1700 AD - 1310 AD 390 810 AD 500 400 AD 410 170 BC 570 600 BC 430 ? 2004 2011 1960 1964 2010 seconds finish my presentation week month year 10 years 50 years Not what if… but when… most recent 1700 (Clague, 1997)
- 13. Take Home • lessons… the 2011 Japanese tsunami • population densities • little time to escape • summer tourism Because the consequences… devastating and the lack of reoccurrence implies that… Pacific northwest region and northern California need to invest in additional funding for 1) public education campaigns and 2) evacuation structures Source: Boards.ie
- 14. 2011 Tōhoku tsunami • most prepared nation for seismic events • suffered severely (Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, 2011)
- 15. (Suppasri et al., 2012) seawall • built 3.5 m high • wave 8 m flood gates • built 8 m high • wave 15+ m many evacuation shelters inundated.. Japan failed to anticipate for a large-scale tsunami
- 16. Lessons… from Japan • seawalls • flood gates • evacuation shelters decision based on financial reasons could save more lives! Source: Channel4
- 17. Japan people are aware of tsunami several past events prepared… not enough 25,000 death US huh? low awareness (Davis, 2006) no major events working on it… ..... movie The Impossible (2012)
- 18. • major cities… not locate on the Cascadia subduction zone • still many people… in costal cities – Long Beach, CA – Seaside, OR • residence, local business, etc expose to the threat everyday high population densities Source: Economic Development Blog (Sieh, 2006)
- 19. why education? • wave could hit… < 30 minutes • need to be educated to head for high grounds as soon as the earthquake happens however, those along the coasts • no way to escape • miles away from safe zones • 5 connected bridges; 4 • vertical evacuation structures will solve the problem Source: DOGAMI evacuation map of Seaside, OR(Steel, 2013) 1 2 3 4 5
- 20. vertical evacuation structures allow people to evacuate vertically and are important for people • no access to high grounds • hard time… safe (Cascadia Region Earthquake Workshop, 2010) horizontal vertical
- 21. Why is it necessary? • hard time to make it to high ground safe – elderly – people with disabilities – kids Source: Heather on her travels blog Source: dailymail.co.uk Source: Swell Surf School
- 22. Sumatra-Andaman tsunami (2004) • 280,000 people died • popular travel destination • Christmas holiday Pacific Northwest region & Northern California • beach festivals • annual AVP Beach Volleyball Professional tour • … tired for Seattle weather summer time tourism Tumblr: passingloveletters Blogspot: photofashionista
- 23. • not only talking about your (teenaged, filled in the blank) friends • your parents • brother, sister or relatives, professors, TAs, or co-wokers • anyone you know • even if… you don’t know Source: gigwise.com
- 25. • results… devastating • highly probable… lack of reoccurrence • Japan’s lesson… preparedness can save lives • population densities • tourism • short time to react Pacific NW and Northern California need additional funding for 1) public awareness campaigns (education) and 2) evacuation structures URGENCY! Source: stuff.co.nz
- 26. educate yourself and others