This document summarizes two reviews on the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19. The first review identified 9 studies including 3 clinical trials of 150 patients that suggested chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can successfully treat COVID-19. It also found COVID-19 is less common in areas where malaria is more common. The second review discussed ongoing clinical trials of various potential drugs and therapeutic approaches to treat and prevent COVID-19, including remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids, though definitive results are still pending.

1. CORONAVIRUS

19. Review
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ESTUDOS PUBMED

20. • Review
• Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
• . 2020 Apr;24(8):4539-4547.
• doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202004_21038.
• Efficacy of chloroquine and
hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of
COVID-19
• S A Meo 1 , D C Klonoff, J Akram

21. • Results: For this study, we identified a total of 09 published articles:
03 clinical trials with sample size 150; 03 in vitro studies and 03
expert consensus reports. These studies were all suggestive that
chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can successfully treat COVID-
19 infections. We found that COVID-19 infections are highly
pandemic in countries where malaria is least pandemic and are
least pandemic in nations where malaria is highly pandemic.
• Conclusions: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have antiviral
characteristics in vitro. The findings support the hypothesis that
these drugs have efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. People are
currently using these drugs for malaria. It is reasonable, given the
hypothetical benefit of these two drugs, that they are now being
tested in clinical trials to assess their effectiveness to combat this
global health crisis.

23. • Review
• J Nepal Health Res Counc
• . 2020 Sep 7;18(2):151-158.
• doi: 10.33314/jnhrc.v18i2.2806.
• Safety and Efficacy of Different Therapeutic
Interventions on Prevention and Treatment of
COVID-19
• Pradip Gyanwali 1 , Sitasma Sharma 1 , Suman
Pant 1 , Pallavi Koirala 1 , Kriti Adhikari 1 , Janak
Koirala 1 , Meghnath Dhimal 1

24. • There are ongoing clinical trials on potential drugs such
as remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir,
chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids
tocilizumab, azithromycin, anakinra, etc. and other
therapeutic modalities like convalescent plasma
therapy. Likewise, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are
being developed and tested, including mRNA, non-
replicating viral vector, DNA, protein subunit candidate
vaccines, etc. Although some early-stage clinical trials
and studies on these drugs and vaccines have shown
positive results, definitive and conclusive results are
yet to be obtained.