Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural cavity between the lung and chest wall. It can occur spontaneously due to blebs or underlying lung disease, or be caused by trauma or medical procedures. Symptoms range from none with a small pneumothorax to chest pain and difficulty breathing. Physical exam may reveal reduced breathing sounds and chest expansion on the affected side. Chest x-rays show a sharp lung edge and absence of markings between the lung and chest wall. Treatment depends on the type but generally involves inserting a chest tube for drainage or surgery to repair an open pneumothorax.

1. PNEUMOTHOR
AX
By
Dr.Abitha Thabassum.M.P.T MIAP

2. DEFNITION
Presence of air in the
pleural cavity is known
as Pneumothorax

3. ETIOLOGY
▪PRIMARY /SPONTANEOUS
PNEUMOTHORAX-Apical Subpleural blebs
▪SECONDARY SPONTANEOUS
PNEUMOTHORAX-patients with known lung disease
▪CATAMENIAL PNEUMOTHORAX
▪TRAUMATIC
▪IATROGENIC

4. CLINICAL FEATURES
▪Asymptomatic-small pneumothorax
▪Sudden onset chest pain and dyspnoea
1. PHYSICAL SIGNS
▪Cyanosis,rapid thready pulses,pulsus paradoxus
▪Dypnea,accesory muscles action,reduction in total
chest expansion,expansion reduced in affected
hemithorax,shift of trachea to opposite side

5. ▪Percussion note-Hyperresonant
▪Auscultation-Diminished to absent breath
sounds,Absence of adventitious sounds ,diminished
vocal resonance

6. RADIOLOGICAL
FINDINGS
▪Mediastinal shift
▪Sharp defined edge of the deflated lung
▪Complete transulancy snd absence of
bronchovascular markings in the area
between the edge of the lung and chest wall
▪Presence or absense of underkying lung
lesion

7. TYPES
▪Closed spontaneous pneumothorax-Communication
between pleura and lung seals off
▪Open spontaneous pneumothorax-communication
between bronchus and pleura does not seal off and remains
patent
▪Tension(valvular)pneumothorax-communication
between Pleura and lung persists—one way valve

9. TREATMENT
▪Closed pneumothorax-Reabsorption of
pneumothoraces;Administration of supplemental o2
▪Large pneumothorax-Evacuation od air –syringe and
needle-underwater seal system
▪Inserting a chest tube into the pleural cavity-Water seal
drainage system

10. ▪Open pneumothorax-Surgical closure-Cauterisation of
the opening
▪VATS
▪Open thoracotomy and direct closure of the fistula

11. ▪Tension pneumothorax treatment-
▪Acute medical emergency
▪Introducyion of wide bore plastic cannula-other end
underwater in bottle
▪Intercostal catheter-water seal drainage system

14. THANK YOU