biology-genetics-protein synthesis

1. FatmaEhab &
Lojain Ashraf
Protein Synthesis

2. Functions of
protien
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02 03
04
Protein
composition
Types of RNA
Transcription
05 06
…………. …………

3. Uses of Proteins

4. • Proteins are composed of amino acids – there are 20
different amino acids.
• Different proteins are made by combining
these 20 amino acids in different
combinations

5. Three Main Types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) - Carries copies of instructions
for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA
to the rest of the cell (serve as “messenger”)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – Makes up the major part of
ribosomes, which is where proteins are made.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) - Transfers amino acids to
ribosomes during protein synthesis

6.  DNA → RNA
2 Steps to Make a Protein:
1. Transcription 2. Translation
 RNA → Protein
(Chain of amino
acids)

7. Transcription
01

8. Step 1: Initiation
• It occurs when the enzyme RNA
polymerase binds to a region of a gene
called the promoter. The enzyme is now
ready to make a strand of mRNA with a
complementary sequence of bases.
Transcription steps

9. Step 2: Elongation
• Elongation is the addition of
nucleotides to the mRNA strand. RNA
polymerase builds the mRNA
molecule, using complementary base
pairs.

10. Step 3: Termination
it is the ending of transcriptionand
occurs when RNA polymerase crosses
a stop (termination) sequence in the
gene. The mRNA strand is complete, and
it detaches from DNA.

11. • Transcription = DNA  RNA
• Takes place in the nucleus.
• Two enzymes help:
1. Helicase - separates DNA helix
2. RNA polymerase – brings RNA nucleotides over to be synthesized
into mRNA
• Template strand: the side of DNA that will be used to create an
mRNA strand

12. • The genetic code is read three letters at a time, called “codons”
on the mRNA strand.
• Each codon will have a special amino acid that matches it!

13. MARS
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place
JUPITER
It’s a gas giant and the
biggest planet
CELL THEORY IN
A NUTSHELL
VENUS
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

14. OBSERVATIONS AND
INFERENCES
MARS
Mars is a cold
place full of iron
oxide dust
MERCURY
Mercury is a
little larger than
the Moon
JUPITER
Jupiter is the
biggest planet in
the Solar System
VENUS
Venus is the
second planet
from the Sun

15. Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS
MERCURY VENUS
Venus has a beautiful
name, but is hot
MARS
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
JUPITER
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
SATURN
Saturn is a gas giant
and has rings
NEPTUNE
It is the farthest
planet from the Sun

16. You can enter a subtitle
here if you need it
BIOTIC
FACTORS
02

17. AWESOME
WORDS

18. —SOMEONE FAMOUS
 Transcription = DNA  RNA
 Takes place in the nucleus.
 Two enzymes help:
1. Helicase - separates DNA helix
2. RNA polymerase – brings RNA nucleotides over to
be synthesized into mRNA
 Template strand: the side of DNA that will be
used to create an mRNA strand

19. A PICTURE IS WORTH
A THOUSAND WORDS

20. 7,498,300
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention

21. 386,000 km
is the distance of the
Earth to the Moon
9h 55m 23s
is the total of Jupiter’s
rotation period
333,000,000
times of earths is the
Sun’s mass in total

22. HERE ARE SOME PERCENTAGES
MERCURY
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
VENUS
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
25% 75%

23. THIS IS A MAP
MERCURY
It is the closest
planet to the Sun
01
VENUS
Venus has a
beautiful name
02

24. A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS WELL
MARS
Despite being
red, Mars is a
cold place
MERCURY
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun
SATURN
Saturn is the
ringed one and a
gas giant
VENUS
Venus has a
beautiful name,
but is hot
2023
2015 2017 2020

25. USE A GRAPH TO SHOW YOUR DATA
MERCURY
Mercury is the closest
planet to Sun
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful
name, but is hot
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste
the new one here. For more info, click here

26. WHAT IS SCIENCE?
MARS
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
SATURN
Saturn is the ringed
one and a gas giant
MERCURY
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful
name, but is hot

27. THIS IS A TABLE
MASS DIAMETER
SURFACE
GRAVITY
MERCURY 0.06 0.38 0.38
MARS 0.11 0.53 0.38
SATURN 95.2 9.4 1.16

28. OTHER GRAPH
20/100
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
NEPTUNE
80/100
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
MERCURY
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here

29. MORE PERCENTAGES
MERCURY
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful
name, but is very hot
MARS
Despite being red, Mars
is a very cold place
56%
33%
75%

30. POPULATION SAMPLING
MARS
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
full of iron oxide dust
JUPITER
It is a gas giant, and
also the biggest one
in the Solar System
VENUS
It has a beautiful
name and is the
second planet
01 02 03

31. BIOLOGY EXERCISE
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a little
bit larger than our satellite, the Moon

32. EXERCISE 1
When a group of similar cells work together, it is called:
A Nucleus
B Tissue
C Vesicle
D Cell Membrane

33. EXERCISE 2
_______ stores and transports materials like nutrients
A Cytoplasm
B Nucleus
C Vesicle
D Organelles

34. EXERCISE 3
_______ covers and protects tissue underneath it
A
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
B Homeostasis
C Epithelial Tissue
D
Golgi
body/apparatus

35. BIOSCIENCE EXPERTS
AMAZING ANNA
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
BRILLIANT BRODY
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place

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