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1. Mississippi
Intro
Author : Évelyne Langlois Année : 2019

2. River tourism in
Mississippi
Issues :
1- What are the main assets for the development of river
tourism in Mississippi ?
2- What are the factors that favor it ?
3- What are the challenges and the limits for the
development of this tourism ?

3. ‣ Geographic situation of the river
‣ The importance of the river in the organization of the
US territory
‣ The importance of the river in the US economy
‣ The contribution of river tourism to the Mississippi river
in the US economy
‣ The assets of the river tourism
‣ The different forms of river tourism
‣ The limits to the development of this tourism
Plan

4. Geographic Situation
‣ From Lake Itasca, Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico…
‣ Three major rivers : Missouri, Ohio and Arkansas.
‣ Length of 3780 km
‣ Only the Missouri is longer
‣ Mississippi & Missouri : 6800 km
‣ One of the most important rivers in the world
‣ One of the largest watershed in the world
‣ 31 states, 90 000 km
‣ The river is divided into two parts:
‣ The Upper Mississippi [Source – Ohio]
‣ The Lower Mississippi [Ohio – mouth]

5. ‣ 10 states for Mississippi - 866,219 km²
‣ 4 states for Missouri - 1,376,180 km2
‣ 3 for Arkansas - 490 601 km2
‣ 3 for Ohio - 490 601 km2
‣ Total : 3,238,000 km²
‣ 1/3 of the US territory
‣ ¼ of Americans (72 millions)
The Mighty Mississippi

7. ‣ Mississippi Valley Division + federal commission (1879)
‣ "The Mississippi River Parkway Commission" (PRGF - 1938) -
The Great River Road
‣ A huge challenge
‣ American Heritage Rivers
‣ Fundamental for the economy and American culture
A national heritage

8. ‣ Ability to navigate in shallow water
‣ Transport wood, coal, agricultural commodities
The flat-bottomed boats

9. ‣ The major non-manufacturing sector
‣ On the lower Mississippi (2019)
‣ 20 million+ tourists a year
‣ Almost 17 billion $
‣ 244 000 jobs in the region.
‣ Upper portion : $ 15 billion, 300,000 jobs.
‣ Jobs in a variety of industries
‣ A disparity between states
Tourism : Economical view

12. ‣ Recreational activities
‣ Famous ships with paddle wheels
‣ Individual river tourism – Houseboats
‣ Water sports (on the river and its lakes)
A variety of activities

13. Cruise tourism
‣ River cruising on the mythic Mississippi
‣ Different formulas
‣ Several stops are made for tourism and… consumption !
‣ Modern comfort
‣ Available on the lower Mississippi (Louisiana, Mississippi,
Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky) and on the upper Mississippi
(Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota)
‣ 13 days for about € 6,000 entry cab

14. Nautical Sports
‣ Many ports provide access to paddlers
‣ Three distinct sections for paddlers:
‣ The upper (narrow and winding)
‣ Downstream of Minneapolis / St. Paul (series of pools)
‣ Downstream of the last lock and dam Granite City, Illinois (wider)
‣ Water skiing on Lake Pepin
‣ Other water sports : windsurfing, rowing, kite surfing, stand-up-
paddle....

15. ‣ Between authentic decor and historic towns…
‣ Discovering culture and heritage of the heart of the US
‣ Essential places (Memphis, cotton plantations or Baton Rouge)
‣ Culinary specialties of each locality, with various influences: African, English, Irish,
Native American ... and French
‣ Southern Mississippi : Birthplace of Jazz
‣ Traditional atmosphere and authenticity
‣ In Mississippi, Natchez and Biloxi retained testimony earlier to the Civil War
‣ Louisiana, which owes to its French roots, original features, is the main tourist state
‣ A journey through the history of the USA : diversity of historical heritage (prehistoric
sites, forts, ships, plantations, French Quarter of New Orleans)
Diversity

16. ‣ A large continuous system of lakes and wetlands
‣ A very rich fauna and flora (260 fish species)
‣ The famous alligator of Mississippi is prosperous again.
‣ The landscapes vary with the typical bayous of New Orleans
to the South, passing by farms to colder climate and
continental to the North
‣ This great diversity of environments attracts tourists in
search of nature and discovery
Natural Environments

17. ‣ Natural reserves have been created
‣ Excursions are proposed by tour-operators in protected areas
on board of “swamp boats”, with many goals :
‣ Attract tourists eager of new discoveries
‣ Boost economically regions with no particular tourist
attraction
‣ Raise public awareness about the fragility of the natural
environment
Natural Environments

18. ‣ The many state parks and nature reserves of the Mississippi
Valley attract tourists and citizens
‣ 7 national parks along the river
‣ Many docking ports to allow boats to score and paddlers to put
their boats in the water
‣ The Great river Road attracts tourists and various opportunities
for a variety of recreational activities
‣ "Mississippi River Trail" offers nearly 5 000 kms of cycle lane and
footpaths.
River amenities

19. ‣ Tourism stimulates economic activities of the towns lying
nearby the river
‣ Tourism-dedicated infrastructures offer to tourists a variety
of activities (lodging [hotels, motels, bed and breakfast
inns, etc.) , restoration, recreation (golf, outdoor activities,
festivals, etc.)
‣ Travel agencies and tour operators that attract tourists
Effects of tourism

20. Difficulties and challenges :
‣ Wastewater discharge
‣ Pollution caused by hydrocarbons
‣ Pollution from agriculture
‣ Risk of industrial accidents
‣ Depletion of natural resources with deteriorated wildlife
‣ Exposure to natural hazards: cyclones, floods, cold and frost of the river
north in winter (limiting tourist period)
‣ Diseases in relations with swamps: histoplasmosis, river blindness
Tourism Limits

21. Natural Hazards

22. ‣ A struggle to contain a large river in its bed (floodplains)
‣ 1927, Great Flood : height of 10 m and a width of 30 km
‣ 1993 the United States experienced the most devastating and
costly flood
‣ Origin of floods : Human intervention
‣ During the floods, swept trees make the commercial shipping
dangerous , while pleasure boating is systematically prohibited
‣ Floods occur readily in the spring / early summer
Floods

23. ‣ Several climates
‣ Confluence of warm air and cold air masses: high risk of
tornadoes
‣ Southern United States : tropical to subtropical zone
‣ Hurricane Katrina (2005) : Mississippi (state), Louisiana,
Kentucky and other states
‣ Cyclones are responsible of the flood of the Mississippi
Storms & Cyclones

24. ‣ River’s environment has been transformed for navigation and economic
development
‣ The alluvial plain is intensively cultivated and tributaries of the river
‣ High concentrations of pesticides and herbicides
‣ Agglomerations and riverside industrial areas as a source of pollution.
‣ 1962 and 1963 industrial accidents : spill of 13 million liters of soybean
oil in the rivers of the Mississippi and Minnesota
‣ Pollution deteriorating the quality of the natural environment
‣ Impacts on tourism
Pollution : Agriculture & Industry

25. ‣ Portions of the river preserved by natural reserves
‣ The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area is a
national park
‣ Ecosystem of upper Mississippi protected by the Upper
Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge
‣ Since the adoption of the Clean Water Act in 1972, the waste
water discharges decreased downstream St. Louis
Natural Environment

26. ‣ A huge river
‣ A major heritage of the country
‣ Filling a very important role in the regional and national economy
‣ Tourism activities are almost vital to the economy of the regions it passes
through
‣ It has its natural attractions but also human amenities to attract tourists
‣ Its resources have been weakened by the intervention of man
‣ Tourism suffers from pollution as well as natural hazards
‣ It represents a major challenge for the country and its protection is a priority
Conclusion

27. Thanks for your attention
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