The history, use, and effects of painkillers.

1. Painkillers
Evan Holland

2. Early 1800s
Morphine was
extracted in its pure
form
1830
Codeine was
discovered
1839
First Opium War
1874
Heroin was discovered
1937
Methadone was
discovered
History

3. Orally
Most common method
Tablet/Pill
If crushed
- Disables controlled
release mechanism
- Can be snorted
Injection
Example: Heroin
Can also be administered
into IV in hospital
Instant effects
Risk of HIV (shared
needles)
Other
Rectum Suppositories
(inserted into the back
passage and dissolved)
Creams or Ointments
(applied to specific area)
Administration

4. Codeine - Cody, Captain Cody, Schoolboy
Morphine - Dreamer, Morph, Miss Emma
Oxycodone - Ox, Oxy, OC, Oxycontin
Hydrocodone - Norco, Hyrdo, Vic, Viko, Vikes, Watson-387, Codone
Propoxyphene - Juice, Dust, Dillies
Street Names

5. Schedule IIIN
Narcotics with a medical purpose
Lower potential for addiction/abuse
Example: Tylenol with Codeine
Schedule IIN
Narcotics with medical purpose
High potential for addiction/abuse
Examples: Morphine, Methadone, Oxycodone,
Hydrocodone
Classification

6. Hydrocodone and Oxycodone are
the most commonly abused
painkillers
They are often found in
combination with Tylenol or other
NSAIDs (aspirin or ibuprofen)
The NSAIDs can cause side effects
of their own such as ulcers
Chemicals

7. Physical - jerky/slow reactions, muscle spasms, nausea, diarrhea, heart damage,
infection, physiological dependence (withdrawal)
Mental/Emotional - confusion, dizziness, psychological dependence
Social - isolation, anger outbursts
Legal - fines, criminal record, arrest
Effects

8. Nervous
Interrupt signals
between nerves and
brain
Replace
neurotransmitters
Body stops
producing enough
neurotransmitters
Can’t fight pain
naturally and
become dependent
Cardiovascular
Large amounts
create irregular
heartbeat and
dangerously high
body temperature
Risks of seizures and
cardiovascular failure
Opiate painkillers
(morphine,
methadone, etc.)
create symptoms of
bloating, nausea, and
constipation and
make digestive
nerves more
sensitive
NSAIDs (aspirin) can
damage tissue
(bleeding, stomach
ulcers)
Painkillers suppress
the nervous system
This leads to slurred
speech and slower
breathing which can
lead to lack of
oxygen
Digestive Respiratory
Body Systems

9. Painkillers are medical drugs
They can be used after operations or
to treat pain when deemed necessary
by a doctor
They must be prescribed by a doctor
Even when used medically, there is still
a risk of addiction, so doctors limit the
amount of painkillers they prescribe
Medical

10. Alcohol and Painkillers:
- Share effects such as respiratory depression, drowsiness and
dizziness
- When combined, these effects amplify and can stop breathing
completely, cause a coma, or cause death.
Other Drugs and Painkillers
- When other drugs are combined with painkillers, it can create a lethal
cocktail of effects
- Example: anti-anxiety medicine and painkillers both slow down
breathing, so when they are combined, breathing can stop completely
Mixing
Painkillers can be very dangerous when mixed with
alcohol or other drugs.

11. Painkiller abuse can tear families apart and it never benefits society.
Painkillers are often a stepping stone into heroin because heroin satisfies
painkiller withdrawal symptoms and visa versa.
Painkillers create a burden on family members because of lack of income,
medical bills, and the amount of care needed for the abuser.
Painkillers hurt society because people on painkillers most often cannot
work and therefore cannot be contributing members of society.
Family and Society

12. GAME
You will be solving a crossword puzzle

13. Across:
4 The street name “Dreamer”
refers to what drug?
5 True or False? It is okay to
mix painkillers with alcohol.
6 True or False? Painkillers
can cause damage to the
nervous system.
7 Narcotics with a medical
purpose and a lower
potential for addiction or
Abuse.
Down:
1 Narcotic with a medical
purpose and
a high potential for addiction or
abuse.
2 Painkillers can be
administered via
injection, rectum, creams,ointments,
and _________.
3 Which came last? Morphine or
Methadone?

14. Across:
4 The street name “Dreamer”
refers to what drug?
5 True or False? It is okay to
mix painkillers with alcohol.
6 True or False? Painkillers
can cause damage to the
nervous system.
7 Narcotics with a medical
purpose and a lower
potential for addiction or
Abuse.
Down:
1 Narcotic with a medical
purpose and
a high potential for addiction or
abuse.
2 Painkillers can be
administered via
injection, rectum, creams, ointments,
and _________.
3 Which came last? Morphine
or