this ppt is about the USA PRESS system

1. USA

2. T H E F I R S T S C I E N T I F I C R E S E A R C H E S
W E R E M A D E I N U S A I N 1 8 1 0 , T H E VA S T
I N V E S T I G AT I O N S S TA R T E D F R O M 6 0 - 7 0 T H
O F X X
F R E N K M O T T, M I C H A E L E M E RY, E D W I N
E M E RY, J . J O N S O N , U . R I W E R S ,
P. L A Z A R S F E L D , H . L A S S U E L , E S P E C I A L LY
F. S I B E R T, U . S H R A M M A N D T. P E T T E R S O N
( F R E E D O M O F W I L L , A U T H O R I TA R I A N ,
S O C I A L R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y A N D
TO TA L I TA R I A N ) W E R E FA M O U S
R E S E A R C H E R S .

3. 7 RULES
1.To serve democratic system
2. To discuss public issues
3. To enlighten society
4. To prevent violations of human
rights
5. To serve economic system
6.To implement reader`s interests of
entertainment
7.To ensure financial independence

4. FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRESS
In 1636 creation of Harvard college
In 1638 buying the first printing machine
(Steven Day –chronicle -- 1639)
The first newspaper «Public occurences»
(4 pages) was printed in 1690 (Benjamin
Harris) in Boston
Its first edition number consisted of these
issues: İndians` travel, kidnapping, old
man`s suicide, fire, increase in fever,
collision with French etc.

5. BENJAMIN HARRIS

6. THE SECOND AND THIRD PAPERS
In 1704 was printed the second newspaper
«The Boston News Letter» (Jon Campbell -
head of Boston Post) once a week – the
slogan was: it was printed with the
permission of the government. It was existed
72 years.
The third paper was «Boston Gazette» by
supporting William Broker (1719). Jon
Campbell criticized this paper.
The next paper «The America Weekly paper»

7. NEW PERIOD
From 1721 started new period in
Press with «The New England
Courant» (James Franklin)
Were printed three papers in Boston
and they were competing

8. XIX CENTURY
Development of Press in Philadelphia (Robert Uelsh-
«National Gazett»
Competitive situation
Increasing the number of daily papers (358)
Foundation of cheap papers and enlightenment inNyu-
York
1. «Sun» (1833)– Benjamin Day retail selling
2. «New-York Herald» (1841) by James Gordon Bannet.
He used interview and stock exchange news firstly(20000
60000). From 4 pages to 72
3. New-York Tribune (Horace Greely) – rivalry

9. THOMAS JEFFERSON
Thomas Jefferson: «If I were between
Press without government and
government without Press I would
choose the first»

10. JOURNALS
WESTERN MESSENGER
DAILY
BOSTON QUOTERLY REVIEW
DEMOCRATIC REVIEW
ANTLANTIC MOUNTHLY
LIBERATOR
EMANCIPATOR

11. THE MAIN NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINS IN XIX
WERE PRINTED PAPERS IN 25 LANGUAGES
THE MAIN PAPERS WERE:
NYU-YORK TIMES
NEW-YORK HERALD
NEW YORK WORLD
NEW-YORK MORNING CORNEL
WASHINGTON POST
WASHINGTON TIMES
CHICAGO NEWS
NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW
CENTURY
REVIEW OF REVIEW

12. YELLOW JOURNALISM
WAS FOUND AFTER COMPETITION BETWEEN WILLIAM
RANDOLPH HEARST`S (OWNER OF 38 PAPERS) «NEW
YORK MORNING CORNEL » AND JOSEPH PULITSER`S
«NEW YORK WORLD» (1883)
RICHARD FELTON AUTCOLT`S CARICATURE
PULITSER CHANGED THE FACE OF JOURNALISM:
İNVESTİGATİONS, GİVİNG NEWS AND ILLUSTRATIONS AT
THE SAME TIME, HUMOUR, SENSATIONS,
ADVERTISEMENT, SPORT NEWS, INFORMATIONS ABOUT
WOMEN…
THERE IS PULITSER AWARD FROM 1917

13. JOSEPH PULITSER

14. WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST
Was the owner of 38 newspapers and
magazins
Daily Examiner
Nyu York morning cornel
Was famous paper magnate in XX c.

16. MARK TWAIN
Samuel Clemens known by his pen name Mark Twain,
was an American writer, humorist, journalist,
entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Among his novels
are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel,
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), the latter often
called "The Great American Novel".

17. MUCKRAKERS (MUD SCATTERING)
AT THE END OF XIX CENTURY WAS
SPREAD WIDELY
LINCOLN STEFFENS
JOSEPH JEFFERSON
AIDA TARBELL
SAM ADAMS
DAVID GREGHAM

18. XX CENTURY
AT THE BEGINNING WERE PRINTED
AROUND 2000 PAPERS
ALSO 1200 PAPERS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES
(160 OF THEM DAILY)
WERE PRINTED PAPERS FOR NATIONAL
MINORITIES – DARK SKINNED – «CRİSİS»

19. «TİME» JOURNAL
WAS FOUNDED IN 1923 BY HENRY
LUCE AND BRIGHTON HEDDEN. IT
WAS THE FIRST NEWS JOURNAL
WERE PRINTED 11000 JOURNALS IN
90TH YEARS

21. RADIO AND TELEVISION
PERIODICAL RADIO PROGRAMS STARTED FROM 1920
ON 2 NOVEMBER HARRY DEVIDS LAUNCHED FIRST
COMMERCIAL RADIO STATION. FIRST NEWS WAS ABOUT
PRESIDENT ELECTIONS
THEN WERE CREATED CBS, ABC.
IN 1927 WERE 733 RADIOSTATIONS
FIRST TELEVISION SIGNAL BROADCASTED FROM 1927
THERE WERE FAMOUS 3 TV CORPORATIONS – NBC, CBS, ABC

22. WAS FOUNDED IN 1980 BY TED TURNER
IT IS THE FIRST TV CHANNEL WHICH HAS
24 HOURS OF BROADCASTING
SISTER CHANNELS: CNN
İNTERNATİONALS, CNN AİRPORT
NETWORK, CNN TURK, CNNCHILE, CNN
INDONESIA, CNN PHILLIPPINES ETC.

23. INFORMATION AGENCIES
WAS FOUNDED IN 1848 BY SOME
PUBLISHERS (1846). FROM 1852 IT GOT
FIRST INFORMATION VIA
TRANSATLANTIC CABEL
E.SCRIPPS CREATED UPI IN 1907

24. MEDIA HOLDINGS
TIME WARNER 1990
Time Inc. Warner Bros. Entertainment, Time Warner
Cable, CNN, HBO, TBS, Turner Broadcasting System, The CW Television
Network.
GANNET COMPANY -1906 (USA TODAY, USA WEEKEND, ALSO 23 TV
STATIONS)
COMCAST
RUPERT MURDOCH – NEWS CORPORATION – NEWYORK POST, WORLD
STREET JOURNAL
NEWS WORLD MEDIA

25. FEDERAL COURT OF BANKRUPTCY

26. THE MAIN NEWSPAPERS
USA TODAY
WALL STREET JOURNAL
NEW YORK TIMES
LOS ANGELES TIMES
CHICAGO TRIBUNE
WASHINGTON POST
NEW YORK POST
BOSTON GLOBE
THE DENVER POST
NEW YORL DAILY NEWS
THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC
SAN-FRANCISCO CHRONICLE
WASHINGTON TIMES (MUN SON MEN)