Folk dances in the Philippines refer to dances created and performed by ordinary people, including ethnic dances from different cultural communities across the country like those in the Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, Sulu, and Mindanao. These dances also include rural or lowland Christian dances from groups like the Ilocano, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Pampango, Bicolano, Ilongo, and Waray. The document discusses the fundamental positions of the feet and arms in Philippine folk dances and emphasizes the importance of preserving folk dance as part of the country's culture and traditions. Students are then assigned to study a specific Philippine folk dance from Bicol.