1. SPELLING
-s / -ing

2. Present simple: when do we use -ES?
When the infinitive ends in...
-sh: wash - washes
-x: fix - fixes
-ch: teach - teaches
-ss: pass - passes

3. Present simple: when do we use -ES?
When the infinitive ends -Y:
If the Y is preceded by a consotant:
study - studies
If there’s a vowel before the -Y,
nothing changes: play - plays

4. Present simple: when do we use -ES?
Other verbs:
Do - does
Go - goes

5. Present continuous: the -ING form
If the infinitive finishes in Consonant +
vowel + consonant, and the vowel is
stressed, the final consonant is
doubled:
stop - stopping / put - putting
If that vowel is unstressed, the verb
doesn’t change:

6. Present continuous: the -ING form
If the infinitive ends in a single -E... this
vowel disappears:
dance - dancing, live - living
BUT: being, seeing, agreeing

7. Present continuous: the -ING form
Verbs ending in -IE:
lie - lying
die - dying
tie - tying