1. p/ayoigk yojnana p/karo
TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
By
PROF. SATISHPRAKASH S. SHUKLA
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION,
GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, NAVRANGPURA, AHMEDABAD - 380009
2. ANy clo Ane ba¬ pirbXone iny&iàt krIne, Ane cošs piriS9itnu&
inmaR8 krIne, Svt&à cl ke clonI prt&à cl pr 9tI Asr tpasva ma4e je
s&=o0n krvama& Aave 2e tene p/ayoigk s&=o0n trIke AoX`vama& Aave 2e.
Aam, p/ayoigk s&=o0nma& Svt&à Ane prt&à cl vCcena kar8 Asr
s&b&0no A_yas krvama& Aave 2e.
p/ayoigk s&=o0n p³iäno A9R
MEANINIG OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH METHOD
SATISHPRAKASH
3. p/ayoigk yojnana p/kar (TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN)
p/ayoigk
yojna
pUvR p/ayoigk
pU8R p/ayoigk
A0R p/ayoigk
Aek jU9 VyiKt A_yas
Aek jU9 pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I
be jU9 iS9r yojna
be yadiC2k jU9 maà wär kso4I yojna
be yadiC2k jU9o, joDka& paào, maà wär kso4I yojna
be smkx jU9o, pUvR kso4I - wär kso4I yojna
solomn yadiC2k car jU9 yojna
Aavyivk yojna
ibn yadiC2k iny&iàt jU9
pUvR kso4I wär kso4I yojna
sm-airt / smtuilt yojna
Aek jU9 smy ›imk yojna be jU9 smy ›imk yojna SATISHPRAKASH
4. p/yognI y9a9Rtana s&d-Rma&, Aa sO9I nbXI yojna 2e. Aa yojnama& ka& to
iny&iàt jU9 hotu& j n9I, ka& iny&iàt jU9ne smkx bnavvama& Aa yojna
inQfX rhe 2e. bIju&, Aa yojnama& Ap/as&igk Ane piriS9itjNy clo pr
ibLkul iny&à8 mUkI =katu& n9I A9va to nhI&vt p/ma8ma& iny&à8 mUkI
=kay 2e. mavjt Ane pUvR kso4I t9a wär kso4I jeva pU8R p/ayoigk
yojnana t]voma&9I ke4la&k t]vo AavI yojnama& jova mXe 2e. te9I Aane pUvR
p/ayoigk yojna trIke AoX`vama& Aave 2e.
pUvR p/ayoigk s&=o0n yojna
(PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN)
SATISHPRAKASH
5. pUvR p/ayoigk yojnane nIce j8avel à8 pkarnI yojnaAoma& vhe&cI =kay 2e.
pUvR p/ayoigk s&=o0n yojna
(PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN)
SATISHPRAKASH
• Aek jU9 VyiKt A_yas yojna (One-Shot / One Group Case Study Design)
• Aek jU9 pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojna (One Group Pre test Post-Test Design)
• be jU9 iS9r yojna (Two Groups Static Design)
6. Aa yojnama&, p/yogktaR Aek j jU9nI ps&dgI kre 2e. pUvR kso4I AaPya ivna, jU9na&&
paàone mavjt Aapvama& Aave 2e. p2I, wär kso4I levama& Aave 2e. tema&
p/yogpaàoAe meXvela p/aPta&kone Aa0are srera= p/aPta&k meXvvama& Aave 2e. srera=
p/aPta&kne Aa0are ini¿ct krvama& Aave 2e ke, prt&à cl pr mavjtnI Asr 9; 2e ke
nhI&.
Aek jU9 VyiKt A_yas yojna
(One-Shot / One Group Case Study Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
Aa yojnane sa&keitk rIte Aa p/ma8e d=aRvI =kay.
E X T2
Jya& E Ae4le p/ayoigk jU9, X Ae4le mavjt (Svt&à cl) Ane T2 Ae4le wär kso4I.
7. Aek jU9 VyiKt A_yas yojnana fayda (Benefits of One-Shot Case Study Design)
Aek jU9 VyiKt A_yas yojna (One-Shot / One Group Case Study Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• Aek j v`t Ane Aek j jU9 ps&d krvama& Aave 2e, te9I ind=R ps&dgI ma4e `as
mhent krvI pDtI n9I.
• `Ub j zDp9I p/yog pU8R krI =kay 2e.
• p/yog drimyan `as shaykonI j£r pDtI n9I.
• ANy yojnaAo krta p/ma8ma& Ao2I `caRX 2e.
• Aa yojnama& s&kul Aa&kDa=aSàIy g8trI krvI pDtI n9I. te9I ANy yojnaAo
krta `Ub j srX 2e.
8. Aek jU9 VyiKt A_yas yojnanI myaRdaAo (Limitations of One-Shot Case Study Design)
Aek jU9 VyiKt A_yas yojna (One-Shot / One Group Case Study Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• Aa yojnama& wär kso4Ina p/aPta&konI ko; ANy p/aPta&ko sa9e tulna krvama& AavtI n9I.
te9I p/aPta&kone Aa0are Svt&à clnI AsrnI fKt 0ar8a krvama& Aave 2e.
• prt&à clna s&d-Rma& levayelI wär kso4Ina p/aPta&ko, Svt&à clnI Asr j8ave 2e tem
`atrI pUvRk khI =kay nhI&. kar8 ke, Aa yojnama& ANy clo A9va piriS9itjNy clone
iny&àt krvama& Aavta n9I. te9I prt&à cl pr Aa clonI Svt&à Ane Aa&tri›yaTmk Asr
p8 pDe 2e.
• Aa yojnama& p/yognI ko; p8 p/karnI y9a9Rta jaXvI =katI n9I.
• fKt VyiKt A_yasma& Aa yojna wpyogI bne 2e.
9. Aa yojnama& p8 p/yogktaR Aek j jU9nI ps&dgI kre 2e. mavjt Aapta phela jU9na&
paàonI pUvR kso4I levama& Aave 2e. mavjt AaPya p2I temnI wär kso4I levama&
Aave 2e. pUvR Ane wär kso4Ima& p/yogpaàoAe meXvela p/aPta&konI tulna krIne, prt&à
cl pr mavjtnI Asr tpasvma& Aave 2e. jo pUvR kso4I Ane wär kso4Ina srera=
p/aPta&ko vCce sa9Rk tfavt Aave to tarvvama& Aave 2e ke prt&à cl pr mavjtnI
Asr pDI 2e.
Aek jU9 pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojna
(One Group Pre-test Post Test Design) SATISHPRAKASH
Aa yojnane sa&keitk rIte Aa p/ma8e d=aRvI =kay.
T1 E X T2
Jya& E = p/ayoigk jU9, X = mavjt, T1 = wär kso4I, T2 = wär kso4I.
10. Aek jU9 pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojnana fayda (Benefits of One-Shot Case Study Design)
Aek jU9 pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojna (One Group Pre-test Post Test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• Aek jU9 VyiKt A_yas yojna krta v0u iv¼snIy yojna 2e.
• pUvR kso4I Ane wär kso4Ino wpyog 9to hova9I, prt&à clna s&d-Rma& p/yogpaàona&&
p/aPta&koma& Aavta ferfar A&ge `atrIpUvRk in8Ry l; =kay 2e.
• Aek j v`t Ane Aek j jU9 ps&d krvama& Aave 2e, te9I ind=R ps&dgI ma4e `as mhent krvI
pDtI n9I.
• pU8R p/ayoigk Ane A0R p/ayoigk yojnaAo krta v0u zDp9I p/yog pU8R krI =kay 2e.
• p/yog drimyan `as shaykonI j£r pDtI n9I.
• pU8R p/ayoigk Ane A0R p/ayoigk yojnaAo krta p/ma8ma& Ao2I `caRX yojna 2e.
• Aa yojnama& s&kul Aa&kDa=aSàIy g8trI krvI pDtI n9I. te9I Aa yojna pU8R p/ayoigk Ane
A0R p/ayoigk yojnaAo krta `Ub j srX 2e.
11. Aek jU9 pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojnanI myaRda (Limitations of Pre-Test Post-Test Design)
Aek jU9 pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojna (One Group Pre-test Post Test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• Aa yojnama& ANy clo A9va piriS9itjNy clone iny&àt krvama& Aavta n9I. te9I prt&à
cl pr Aa clonI Svt&à Ane Aa&tri›yaTmk Asr pDe 2e. pir8ame, prt&à clna s&d-Rma&
wär kso4I Ane pUvR kso4Ina p/aPta&ko vCce je tfavt Aave 2e, te fKt Svt&à clnI Asrne
kar8e 2e tem `atrI pUvRk khI =kay nhI&.
• Aa yojnama& p/yognI ko; p8 p/karnI y9a9Rta jaXvI =katI n9I.
12. Aa yojnama& p/yogktaR be jU9onI ps&dgI kre 2e. b¨e jU9o jem 2e tem j ps&d krvama& Aave 2e.
jU9onI ps&dgI krtI v`te p/yogktaR manI le 2e ke b¨e jU9 smkx 2e. pUvR kso4I AaPya vgr,
Aek jU9ne mavjt Aapvama& Aave 2e. Aa jU9ne p/ayoigk jU9 khe 2e. bIja jU9ne ko; mavjt
Aapvama& AavtI n9I. Aa jU9ne iny&iàt jU9 trIke AoX`vama& Aave 2e. kok v`t iny&iàt
jU9ne pr&pragt mavjt Aapvama& Aave 2e. mavjt AaPya p2I b¨e jU9onI wär kso4I levama&
Aave 2e. b¨e jU9na& paàoAe wär kso4Ima& meXvela srera= p/aPta&ko vCce tulna krIne, prt&à
cl pr mavjtnI Asr tpasvama& Aave 2e.
Aa yojnane sa&keitk rIte nIce j8aVya mujb d=aRvI =kay.
be jU9-iS9r yojna
(Two Groups Static Design) SATISHPRAKASH
Aa sa&keitk rjUAatma& ‘……….’ ja8ave 2e ke b¨e jU9one smkx bnaVya n9I.
E = p/ayoigk jU9 C = iny&i àt jU9
E X T2
…………
C - T2
13. be jU9-iS9r yojnana fayda (Benefits of Tow Group Static Design)
be jU9-iS9r yojna (Two Group-Static Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• Aek jU9 VyiKt A_yas Ane Aek jU9 pUvR kso4I wär kso4I yojna krta v0u iv¼snIy yojna
2e.
• p/ayoigk Ane iny&iàt jU9na& wär kso4Ina p/aPta&konI tulna 9tI hova9I prt&à clna
s&d-Rma& p/yogpaàona&& p/aPta&koma& Aavta ferfar A&ge `atrIpUvRk in8Ry l; =kay 2e.
• jeva 2e teva be jU9 ps&d kray 2e, te9I ind=R ps&dgI ma4e `as mhent krvI pDtI n9I.
• pU8R p/ayoigk Ane A0R p/ayoigk yojnaAo krta v0u zDp9I p/yog pU8R krI =kay 2e.
• pU8R p/ayoigk Ane A0R p/ayoigk yojnaAo krta p/ma8ma& Ao2I `caRX yojna 2e.
• Aa yojnama& `Ub s&kul Aa&kDa=aSàIy g8trI krvI pDtI n9I. te9I Aa yojna pU8R p/ayoigk
Ane A0R p/ayoigk yojnaAo krta `Ub j srX 2e.
14. be jU9-iS9r yojnanI myaRda (Limitations of Two Group-Static Design)
be jU9-iS9r yojna (Two Group-Static Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• Aa yojnama& ANy clo A9va piriS9itjNy clone iny&àt krvama& Aavta n9I. te9I prt&à
cl pr Aa clonI Svt&à Ane Aa&tri›yaTmk Asr pDe 2e. pir8ame prt&à clna s&d-Rma&
p/ayoigk Ane iny&iàt jU9na& wär kso4Ina p/aPta&ko vCce je tfavt Aave 2e, te fKt Svt&à
clnI Asrne kar8e 2e tem `atrI pUvRk khI =kay nhI&.
• Aa yojnama& p/yognI ko; p8 p/karnI y9a9Rta s&pU8R p8e jaXvI =katI n9I.
15. Je p/ayoigk yojnaAoma& p/yognI Aa&tirk Ane ba¬ y9a9Rta jaXvvano
pUrto p/yTn krvama& Aave 2e Ane Aa b¨e p/karnI y9a9Rta sMpU8Rp8e A9va
mhd A&=e jaXvI =kay 2e, tevI yojnaAone pU8R p/ayoigk yojnaAo khe 2e.
AavI yojnaAoma& jU9 bnavvanu& kam yadiC2kr8 µara krvama& Aave 2e. Kya
jU9ne mavjt AapvI t9a Kya jU9ne iny&iàt ra`vu& vgere jevI p/yog sa9e
s&kXayelI tmam Aav+yk babto yadiC2k rIte ini¿ct krvama& Aave 2e.
wpra&t p/yognI y9a9Rta jaXvva ma4e, Aa p/karnI yojnaAoma& p/yogna
pir8amone dUiqt krI =ke teva& Anek pirbXone iny&iàt krvama& Aave 2e. 2e.
pU8R p/ayoigk s&=o0n yojna
(TRUE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN) SATISHPRAKASH
16. pU8R payoigk yojnaAoma& nIce j8avelI yojnaAono smave= krvama& Aave 2e.
pU8R p/ayoigk s&=o0n yojna
(TRUE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN) SATISHPRAKASH
• be yadiC2k jU9 maà wär kso4I yojna (Two Randomized Groups, Only Post-
test Design)
• be yadiC2k jU9o, joDka& paào, maà wär kso4I yojna (Two Randomized Groups,
Matching Pair, Only Post-test Design)
• be smkx jU9o, pUvR kso4I - wär kso4I yojna (Two Equivalent Groups, Pre-test
Post-test Design)
• solomn yadiC2k car jU9 yojna (Solomon Four Randomised Groups Design)
• Aavyivk yojna (Factorial Design)
17. Aa yojnama& Aek j Vyapiv¼ma&9I yadic2k rIte ind=Rna& paàonI ps&dgI krvama&
Aave 2e. p/yog ma4e ind=R paàone yadiC2k rIte be jU9ma& vhe&cvama& Aave 2e. b¨e
jU9ma&9I yadiC2k rIte p/ayoigk Ane iny&iàt jU9 nšI krvama& Aave 2e. p/ayoigk
jU9ne mavjt Aapvama& Aave 2e. pr&tu iny&iàt jU9ne ka& to ko; mavjt Aapvama&
AavtI n9I A9va jenI prt&à cl pr Asr n pDe, tevI par&pirk mavjt Aapvama&
Aave 2e. mavjt AaPya bad b¨e jU9one wär kso4I Aapvama& Aave 2e. p2I b¨e
jU9onI wär kso4Ina srera= p/aPta&kone sr`avIne mavjtnI prt&à cl pr sa9Rk
Asr 9; 2e ke nhI& te cksvama& Aave 2e.
be yadiC2k jU9 maà wär kso4I yojna
(Two Randomized Groups, Only Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
18. Aa yojnane sa&keitk rIte nIce mujb rjU krI =kay.
be yadiC2k jU9 maà wär kso4I yojna (Two Randomized Groups, Only Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
ER X T2
CR - T2
ER = yadiC2k rIte vhe&cayela& paào 0ravtu& p/ayoigk jU9
X = mavjt (Treatment)
T2 = wär kso4I.
CR = yadiC2k rIte vhe&cayela& paào 0ravtu& iny&iàt jU9
19. be yadiC2k jU9 maà wär kso4I yojnana fayda
(Benefits of Two Randomized Groups, Only Post-test Design).
be yadiC2k jU9 maà wär kso4I yojna (Two Randomized Groups, Only Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• Aa yojnama& ind=RnI ps&dgI Ane ind=R paàon&I be jU9ma& vhe&c8I yadiC2k rIte 9ay 2e.
te9I b¨e jU9 sman bne 2e. pir8ame tmam ANy Ap/as&igk clonI b¨e jU9 pr sr`a
p/ma8ma& Asr pDe 2e. Aa rIte ANy clone iny&iàt krI =kay 2e.
• Aama& pUvRkso4Ino wpyog krvama& Aavto n9I, te9I pUvR kso4I Ane ANy clo vCcenI
Aa&tri›yanI, prt&à cl pr pDtI Asr nabud krI =kay 2e.
• pUvR kso4I n hova9I pirpKvnnI Asr 4aXI =kay 2e.
• b¨e jU9one juda juda idvse, p8 idvsna Aek j smye, sr`a smy ma4e Ane Aek j VyiKt µara
judI judI mavjt Aapvama& Aave to smkalIn 34naAonI Asr iny&iàt krI =kay 2e.
Continue………
20. …………Continue
be yadiC2k jU9 maà wär kso4I yojnana fayda
(Benefits of Two Randomized Groups, Only Post-test Design).
be yadiC2k jU9 maà wär kso4I yojna (Two Randomized Groups, Only Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• Aa yojna, jU9onI s&~yana s&d-Rma& lvicKta 0rave 2e. jo Aek sa9e be krta v0u mavjtnI
prt&à cl pr pDtI Asr tpasvI hoy, to yadiC2k rIte be krta& v0u jU9o bnavIne
p/ayoigk s&=o0n krI =kay 2e.
• Jyare pUvR kso4I wplB0 n hoy A9va pUvRkso4InI rcna n krI =katI hoy Tyare Aa yojna
sO9I v0u wpyogI bne 2e. jem ke Aekdm nva ivqynu& A)yapn krva ma4enI ßeQ5 p³iä k;
2e, te ja8va ma4e s&=o0n krvanu& hoy to pUvR kso4Ino wpyog n krI =kay.
• Je s&=o0nma& maà Avlokn µara j mavjtnI Asr tpasvanI hoy, tema& Aa yojnano
Aml krvo v0u ihtavh hoy 2e.
21. Aa rItma&, prt&à cl sa9e sI0o shs&b&0 0ravto, Svt&à cl isvayno, ko; Aek cl
ps&d krvama& Aave 2e. p2I A_yaspaàon&u Aa clna s&d-Rma& mapn krvama& Aave 2e. Aa
clna p/aPta&kone Aa0are A_yaspaàon&u juda& juda& sr`a& joDka& bnavvama& Aave 2e. Ae4le ke
sman p/aPta&k 0ravta& be-be paàon&u Aek joDku&, Aem tmam A_yaspaàona& joDka&
bnavvama& Aave 2e. jo Aekdm sman p/aPta&k 0ravta& be paào n mXe to, samaNy rIte je be
paàona& p/aPta&ko vCce Ao2ama& Ao2o tfavt hoy teva& paàona& joDka& bnavvama& Aave 2e.
drek joDkama&9I Aek paàne Aek jU9ma& Ane bIja paàne bIja jU9ma& mUkvama& Aave 2e. Aa
rIte be jU9 tEyar 9ya p2I b¨e jU9ma&9I Kya jU9ne k; mavjt AapvI te yadiC2k rIte nšI
krvama& Aave 2e.
be yadiC2k jU9o, joDka& paào, maà wär kso4I yojna
(Two Randomized Groups, Matching Pair, Only Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
22. Aa yojnane sa&keitk rIte nIce mujb rjU krI =kay.
be yadiC2k jU9o, joDka& paào, maà wär kso4I yojna
(Two Randomized Groups, Matching Pair, Only Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
ER X T2
sman joDka& (Matched Pair)
CR - T2
ER = yadiC2k rIte vhe&cayela& paào 0ravtu& p/ayoigk jU9
X = mavjt (Treatment)
T2 = wär kso4I.
CR = yadiC2k rIte vhe&cayela& paào 0ravtu& iny&iàt jU9
23. be yadiC2k jU9o, joDka& paào, maà wär kso4I yojnana fayda
(Benefits of Two Randomized Groups, Matching Pair, Only Post-test Design).
be yadiC2k jU9o, joDka& paào, maà wär kso4I yojna
(Two Randomized Groups, Matching Pair, Only Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• prt&à cl sa9e saro shs&b&0 0ravto ANy cl nšI krva ma4e -are kunehnI j£r pDe 2e. jo
ke ke4lak ivµanona mt mujb, prt&à cl sa9 je clna shs&b&0a&knu& mULy 0.5 ke tena krta
v0u Aave, te clne Aa0are be jU9ne smkx bnavva jo;Ae. pr&tu ko; clna s&d-Rma& AavI
maihtI srXta9I mXtI n9I. te ma4e s&=o0ke jate p/yTn krva pDe. jo Aavu& krvama& Aave, to
s&=o0nma&, smy, =iKt Ane na8a&no Vyy v0u 9ay 2e.
• prt&à cl sa9e sa9Rk shs&b&0 0ravta hoy teva, ke4la ANy clone Aa0are jU9one smkx
bnavva te ini¿ct krvanu& kam ji4l bne 2e.
Continue………
24. be yadiC2k jU9o, joDka& paào, maà wär kso4I yojnana fayda
(Benefits of Two Randomized Groups, Matching Pair, Only Post-test Design).
…………Continue
be yadiC2k jU9o, joDka& paào, maà wär kso4I yojna
(Two Randomized Groups, Matching Pair, Only Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• jo s&=o0nma& à8 ke te9I v0u smkx jU9onI Aav+yKta hoy, to Aa rIte jU9o bnavvanu& kam
`Ub ji4l bnI jay 2e.
• v0uma& v0u Asrkark clone )yanma& ra`Ine jU9o vCcenI smanta v0arvama& Aave to ind=Rnu&
kd nanu& 9tu& jay 2e, pr&tu ind=R ps&dgI pr pUvRg/honI Asr v0tI jay 2e. kar8 ke Aavu& krva
ma4e, s&=o0k jate in8Ry le 2e ke prt&à cl pr, Kya ANy clonI Asr pDI =ke 2e. tena Aava
in8Ryno ko; Aa&kDa=aSàIy Aa0ar hoto n9I. vXI, jo te Aana ma4e Aa&kDa=aSàIy Aa0aro
meXvvano p/yTn kre, to s&=o0nna& mu~y hetu9I ivcilt 9vanI s&-avana rhe 2e, Ane smy,
=iKt Ane na8a&no v0u Vyy 9ay 2e.
25. be yadiC2k jU9o, joDka& paào, maà wär kso4I yojnanI myaRdaAo
(Limitations of Two Randomized Groups, Matching Pair, Only Post-test Design).
be yadiC2k jU9o, joDka& paào, maà wär kso4I yojna
(Two Randomized Groups, Matching Pair, Only Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• prt&à cl sa9e saro shs&b&0 0ravto ANy cl nšI krva ma4e -are kunehnI j£r pDe 2e.
• prt&à cl sa9e sa9Rk shs&b&0 0ravta hoy teva, ke4la ANy clone Aa0are jU9one smkx
bnavva te ini¿ct krvanu& kam ji4l bne 2e.
• jo s&=o0nma& à8 ke te9I v0u smkx jU9onI Aav+yKta hoy, to Aa rIte jU9o bnavvanu& kam
`Ub ji4l bnI jay 2e.
• v0uma& v0u Asrkark clone )yanma& ra`Ine jU9o vCcenI smanta v0arvama& Aave to ind=Rnu&
kd nanu& 9tu& jay 2e, pr&tu ind=R ps&dgI pr pUvRg/honI Asr v0tI jay 2e.
26. Aa yojna ‘yadiC2k inymn jU9, pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojna’ trIke p8 AoX`ay 2e. jema&
Aek j Vyapiv¼ma&9I yadic2k rIte ind=Rna tmam paàonI ps&dgI krvama& Aave 2e. Tyar bad,
ind=R paàone yadiC2k rIte be jU9ma& vhe&cvama& Aave 2e. b¨e jU9ma&9I yadiC2k rIte p/ayoigk
Ane iny&iàt jU9o nšI krvama& Aave 2e. paàonI yadiC2k vhe&c8Ine kar8e prt&à cl pr Asr
krta 38a ba¬ t9a piriS9itjNy clone iny&iàt krI =kay 2e.
jU9onI rcna 9ya p2I, prt&à clnu& mapn kre tevI pUvR kso4I b¨e jU9one Aapvama& Aave 2e.
Tyarbad s&=o0k p/ayoigk jU9ne mavjt Aape 2e. iny&iàt jU9ne prp&ragt mavjt Aape 2e A9va
mavjt Aapto n9I. mavjt AaPya p2I b¨e jU9onI kso4I levama& Aave 2e. jene Aap8e wär
kso4I khIAe 2IAe.
be yadiC2k jU9o, pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojna
(Two Randomized Groups, Pre-Test - Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
27. Aa yojnane sa&keitk rIte nIce mujb rjU krI =kay.
be yadiC2k jU9o, pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojna
(Two Randomized Groups Pre-Test - Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
ER T1 X T2
CR T1 - T2
ER = yadiC2k rIte vhe&cayela& paào 0ravtu& p/ayoigk jU9
T1 = pUvR kso4I.
X = mavjt (Treatment)
T2 = wär kso4I.
CR = yadiC2k rIte vhe&cayela& paào 0ravtu& iny&iàt jU9
28. be yadiC2k jU9o, pUvR kso4I - wär kso4I yojnana fayda
(Benefits of Two Randomized Groups Pre-Test - Post-test Design).
be yadiC2k jU9o, pUvR kso4I - wär kso4I yojna
(Two Randomized Groups Pre-Test - Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• ind=RnI ps&dgI Ane be jU9oma& temnI vhe&c8I yadiC2k rIte 9tI hova9I, b¨e jU9o
mhdA&=e smkx bne 2e.
• pUvRkso4Ina wpyogne kar8e s&=o0kne A_yaspaào pr iny&à8 mUkvanI tk mXe 2e.
• Aa yojnama& 38a& ba¬ clone iny&iàt krI =kay 2e.
• Aa yojna shivcr8 p<9šr8 jevI `Ub j Asrkark Aa&kDa=aSàIy p³iäno
wpyog krvanI tk Aape 2e. je p/dä iv¿leq8 Ane A9R34nne `Ub j iv¼snIy
bnave 2e.
29. be yadiC2k jU9o, pUvR kso4I - wär kso4I yojnanI myaRdaAo
(Limitations of Two Randomized Groups Pre-Test - Post-test Design).
be yadiC2k jU9o, pUvR kso4I - wär kso4I yojna
(Two Randomized Groups Pre-Test - Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• Aa yojnama& pUvR kso4I Ane mavjt vCce 9tI Aa&tri›yane kar8e ba¬ y9a9Rta
jo`may 2e.
• mavjt Ane smkalIn 34naAo (History, Contemporary Events) vCce
9tI Aa&tri›yane kar8e ba¬ y9a9Rta jo`may 2e.
• mavjtnI p/iti›yaTmk Asr 4aXI =katI n9I.
• mavjt AapnarnI Asr p8 4aXI =katI n9I.
• 38a& piriS9itjNy clo iny&iàt krI =kata n9I.
30. Aa yojnana p/8eta ircaDR Ael. solomn hta. teAo A&g/ej mnovEãaink Ane p/ayoigk
s&=o0nktaR hta. Aa yojna mujb A_yaspaàone car jU9oma&, yadiC2k rIte,
vhe&cvama& Aave 2e. jema&9I be p/ayoigk jU9 Ane be iny&iàt jU9 hoy 2e. Aek p/ayoigk
jU9 Ane Aek iny&iàt jU9ne pUvRkso4I Ane wär kso4I b¨e Aapvama& Aave 2e. jyare
Aek p/ayoigk Ane Aek iny&iàt jU9ne fKt wär kso4I Aapvama& Aave 2e.
solomn yadiC2k car jU9 yojna
(The Randomized Solomon Four Groups Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
31. Aa yojnane sa&keitk rIte nIce mujb rjU krI =kay.
solomn yadiC2k car jU9 yojna
(The Randomized Solomon Four Groups Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
ER1 T1 X T2
CR1 T1 - T2
ER2 - X T2
CR2 - - T2
Jya&
ER1 = yadiC2k rIte vhe&cayela& paào 0ravtu& p/ayoigk jU9 ke jenI pUvR Ane wär b¨e kso4IAo levama& Aave 2e.
ER2 = yadiC2k rIte vhe&cayela& paào 0ravtu& Aevu& p/ayoigk jU9 ke jenI fKt wär kso4I levama& Aave 2e.
CR1 = yadiC2k rIte vhe&cayela& paào 0ravt&u iny&iàt jU9 ke jenI pUvR Ane wär b¨e kso4IAo levama& Aave 2e.
CR2 = yadiC2k rIte vhe&cayela& paào 0ravtu& Aevu& iny&iàt jU9 ke jenI fKt wär kso4I levama& Aave 2e.
X = mavjt (Treatment) T1 = pUvR kso4I. T2 = wär kso4I.
32. solomn yadiC2k car jU9 yojnana fayda
(Benefits of Solomon Four Groups Design).
solomn yadiC2k car jU9 yojna
(The Randomized Solomon Four Groups Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• p/ayoigk Ane iny&iàt jU9ne, pUvR kso4I sa9e Ane pUvR kso4I vgr Aem b¨e rIte
mavjt AapI =kay 2e. te9I pUvR kso4InI ANy clo sa9enI Aa&tri›yanI Asr
SpQ4 rIte ckasI =kay 2e.
• b¨e p/karna& p/ayoigk jU9ona&& pir8amo vCce sa9Rk tfavt n Aave, to s&=o0k
`aàIpUvRk khI =ke 2e ke, mavjtnI prt&à cl pr je Asr jova mXe 2e, te fKt
mavjtne kar8e j 2e bIja ko; ANy pirbXne kar8e nhI&.
33. solomn yadiC2k car jU9 yojnanI myaRdaAo
(Limitations of Solomon Four Groups Design).
solomn yadiC2k car jU9 yojna
(The Randomized Solomon Four Groups Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
• Aa yojna ma4e car jU9 tEyar krvanu& kam `Ub cIv4 magI le 2e.
• car jU9o bnavvana hova9I ANy yojnaAo krta v0u p/ayogpaào ps&d krva pDe
2e.
• smy Ane `cRnI d<iQ4Ae ANy p/ayoigk yojnaAo krta v0u `caRX yojna 2e.
• p/däna iv¿leq8 ma4e `Ub j s&kul Aa&kDa=aSàIy g8trIAo krvI pDe 2e. je, ibn
Anu-vI s&=o0ko ma4e mu+kel bne 2e.
• car jU9o pr p/yog krvano hova9I `Ub j ivi=Q4 pirS9itnu& inmaR8 krvu& pDe 2e.
34. Aa yojnana p/8eta Aar. Ae. if=r hta. prt&à cl pr, Aek krta v0u Svt&à clonI
Asr pDtI hoy, Tyare drek Svt&à clnI nIce j8aVya mujbnI Asro tpasva ma4e
Aavyivk yojnano wpyog krvama& Aave 2e.
• prt&à cl pr drek Svt&à clnI Svt&à Asr tpasva ma4e.
• Aek krta v0u Svt&à clonI prt&à cl pr 9tI s&yuKt Asr tpasva ma4e.
• be ke v0u Svt&à clo vCce 9tI Aa&tri›yanI prt&à cl pr 9tI Asr tpasva
ma4e.
Aavyivk yojna (Factorial Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
35. Aavyivk yojnana fayda (Advantages of Factorial Design)
• Aa yojnama&, prt&à cl pr, Aek sa9e Aek krta v0u Svt&à clonI mu~y Ane
Aa&tri›yaTmk Asr tpasI =kay 2e. te9I, je pir8amo Aek krta v0u p/yogo
krIne meXvay, te4la& j pir8amo, Aek j v`t p/yog krIne meXvI =kay 2e.
• Ko; Aek prt&à cl pr, Aek krta v0u clonI 9tI Asr Ao2a smyma& Ane
Ao2a `ceR tpasI =kay 2e.
• sO9I AgTynI babt to Ae 2e ke, Svt&à clonI judI judI kxaAo vCce 9tI
Aa&tri›yanI, prt&à cl pr 9tI Asr coKsa;pUvRk ckasI =kay 2e
Aavyivk yojna (Factorial Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
36. Aavyivk yojnanI myaRdaAo (Limitations of Factorial Design)
• Aavyivk yojnaAoma&, p/dänu& iv¿leq8 krva ma4e ivcr8 p<9šr8 jevI s&kul
Aa&kDa=aSàIy p/yuiKtAono wpyog krIne iv¼snIy pir8amo meXvI =kay 2e.
Aa&kDa=aSàna ja8kar s&=o0ko j AavI p/yuiKtAono wpyog krI =ke 2e. nva
Ane ibn Anu-vI s&=o0ko ma4e Aa yojnano wpyog krvo srX n9I hoto.
• Aa yojnama& jem jem Svt&à clonI s&~ya v0tI jay 2e tem tem p/dä iv¿leq8nI
p/i›ya s&kul bntI jay 2e.
Aavyivk yojna (Factorial Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
37. A0R p/ayoigk s&=o0n yojna
(QUASSI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN) SATISHPRAKASH
Aa yojnama& pUvR p/ayoigk yojnaAo krta v0u p/ma8ma& Ane pU8R p/ayoigk yojnaAo
krta Ao2a p/ma8ma& p/yognI Aa&tirk Ane ba¬ y9a9Rta jXvaay 2e, te9I Aane A0R
p/ayoigk yojna trIke AoX`vama& Aave 2e
A0R p/ayoigk yojnama& ba¬ clo Ane p/ayoigk piriS9itne s&pU8R rIte iny&iàt krI
=katI n9I. jo ke AavI yojnaAoma& s&=o0ke, Ainy&iàt clonI no&0 to ra`vI j pDe 2e
Ane potana s&=o0n Ahevalma& teno wLle` krvo pDe 2e. te wpra&t p/dänu& iv¿leq8 krtI
v`te p8, Aa babtnI no&0 levama& Aave 2e.
38. A0R p/ayoigk s&=o0n yojna
(QUASSI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN) SATISHPRAKASH
A0R p/ayoigk yojnaAoma& nIce j8avelI yojnaAono smave= krvama& Aave 2e.
• ibn yadiC2k iny&iàt jU9 – pUvR kso4I wär kso4I yojna (Non Randomized
Control Group, Pre-test Post-test Design)
• sm-airt yojna / smtuilt yojna (Counterbalanced Design)
• Aek jU9 smy ›imk yojna (One Group, Time series Design)
• be jU9 smy ›imk yojna (Two Groups, Time series Design)
39. ibn yadiC2k iny&iàt jU9– pUvR kso4I wär kso4I yojna
(Non Randomized Control Group, Pre-test Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
Aa yojnane ibn yadiC2k be jU9 yojna trIke p8 AoX`vama& Aave 2e.
Aa yojnama&, Aek j Vyapiv¼ma&9I kudrtI rIte tEyar 9yela& be jU9o ps&d krvama& Aave
2e.
jU9onI ps&dgI kyaR bad, prt&à clnu& mapn kre tevI, pUvR kso4I b¨e jU9one Aapvama&
Aave 2e. p2I s&=o0k, p/ayoigk jU9ne mavjt Aape 2e Ane iny&iàt jU9ne prp&ragt
mavjt Aape 2e A9va mavjt Aapto n9I. mavjt AaPya p2I, b¨e jU9onI kso4I
levama& Aave 2e. jene Aap8e wär kso4I khIAe 2IAe.
40. ibn yadiC2k iny&iàt jU9 – pUvR kso4I wär kso4I yojna
(Non Randomized Control Group, Pre-test Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
Aa yojnane sa&keitk rIte nIce mujb rjU krI =kay.
E T1 X T2
……..
C T1 - T2
Jya&
sa&keitk rjUAatma& ib&duAo (.……) d=aRve 2e ke, b¨e
jU9one smkx bnavaya& n9I.
E = p/ayoigk jU9 T1 = pUvR kso4I C = iny&iàt jU9
T2 = wär kso4I X = mavjt (Treatment)
41. ibn yadiC2k iny&iàt jU9 – pUvR kso4I wär kso4I yojna
(Non Randomized Control Group, Pre-test Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
ibn yadiC2k iny&iàt jU9 pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojnana fayda (Advantages of
Non Randomized Control Group, Pre-test Post-test Design).
• Jyare be jU9o ma4e A_yaspaàonI yadiC2k rIte ps&dgI n krI =kay Tyare Aa p/ayoigk yojna `Ub j
Asrkark rhe 2e.
• A_yaspaàonI ps&dgI ma4e Ao2o smy lage 2e.
• mo4a -age AavI yojna ma4e Aek j S9Xe p/ayoigk Ane iny&iàt jU9o mXI rhe 2e. te9I s&=o0n zDp9I pU8R
krI =kay 2e.
• p/yog ma4e kudrtI rIte tEyar jU9nI ps&dgI 9tI hova9I, p/yogpaàone Aevu& n9I lagtu& ke temne ko; ivi=Q4
mavjt Apa; rhI 2e. te9I, mavjtnI p/iti›yaTmk Asr pDtI n9I. Ae4le ke p/ayogpaào p/yog ma4e v0u
pDtI jag<it d=aRvta n9I. Continue………
42. ibn yadiC2k iny&iàt jU9 – pUvR kso4I wär kso4I yojna
(Non Randomized Control Group, Pre-test Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
ibn yadiC2k iny&iàt jU9 pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojnana fayda (Advantages of
Non Randomized Control Group, Pre-test Post-test Design).
…………Continue
• pUvRkso4Ina wpyogne kar8e s&=o0kne, A_yaspaào pr iny&à8 mUkvanI tk mXe 2e.
• Aa yojnama& 38a& ANy clone iny&iàt krI =kay 2e.
• Aa p³iäma& shivcr8 p<9šr8 jevI `Ub j Asrkark Aa&kDa=aSàIy p³iäno wpyog
krvanI tk mXe 2e. je p/dä ivleq8 Ane A9R34nne `Ub iv¼snIy bnave 2e.
43. ibn yadiC2k iny&iàt jU9 – pUvR kso4I wär kso4I yojna
(Non Randomized Control Group, Pre-test Post-test Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
ibn yadiC2k iny&iàt jU9 pUvR kso4I-wär kso4I yojnanI myaRdaAo (Limitations
of Non Randomized Control Group, Pre-test Post-test Design).
• pUvR kso4I Ane mavjt vCce 9tI Aa&tri›yane kar8e ba¬ y9a9Rta jo`may 2e.
• mavjt Ane smkalIn 34naAo (History, Contemporary Events) vCce 9tI
Aa&tri›yane kar8e ba¬ y9a9Rta jo`may 2e.
• jo b¨e jU9oma& mavjt Aapnar jUdI judI VyiKt hoy to mavjt AapnarnI Asr p8 4aXI
=katI n9I.
• Aa yojnama& A&k=aSàIy pragitnI myaRda 4aXI =katI n9I. jena kar8e p/yognI Aa&tirk
y9a9Rta jo`may 2e.
44. smtuilt / sm-airt yojna (Counter Balanced Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
Jyare yadiC2k rIte ind=RnI ps&dgI Ane vhe&c8I krvI =Ky n hoy Ane pUvR kso4Ino Aml n
krvano hoy, Tyare Aa yojna ps&d krI =kay 2e. jema& A_yaspaàona& kudrtI rIte tEyar 9yela be
ke v0u jU9o ps&d krvama& Aave 2e. tema&9I Aek p8 jU9ne SpQ4 rIte p/ayoigk ke iny&iàt jU9 trIke
AoX` ApatI n9I. pr&tu Svt&à clna s&d-Rma& ini¿ct krvama& AavelI tmam mavjt, ini¿ct
smy ma4e, drek jU9ne varafrtI Aapvama& Aave 2e. drek jU9ne je4la p/karnI mavjt Aapvama&
Aave 2e te4lI wär kso4IAo levama& Aave 2e.
Aa rIte p/yog ma4e je4lI mavjt nšI krvama& AavI hoy, te4la& jU9 tEyar krIne, drek jU9ne juda
juda smye varafrtI drek mavjt Aapvama& Aave 2e Ane drek mavjt p2I tmam jU9one sman wär
kso4I Aapvama& Aave 2e. jo ke drek mavjt p2I kso4Ino ivqyvStu bdlay 2e.
45. smtailt / sm-airt yojna (Counter Balanced Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
sm-airt yojnana fayda (Advantages of Counter Balanced Design)
• Jyare A_yaspaàonI yadiC2k rIte ps&dgI n krI =kay Tyare Aa p/ayoigk yojna `Ub j Asrkark
rhe 2e.
• A_yaspaàonI ps&dgI ma4e Ao2o smy lage 2e.
• p/yog ma4e kudrtI rIte tEyar jU9nI ps&dgI 9tI hova9I, p/yogpaàone Aevu& n9I lagtu& ke temne ko;
ivi=Q4 mavjt Apa; rhI 2e. te9I mavjtnI p/iti›yaTmk Asr pDtI n9I. Ae4le ke p/ayogpaào,
p/yog ma4e v0u pDtI jag<it d=aRvta n9I.
• drek jU9ne drek p/karnI mavjt mXe 2e, te9I mavjt Ane ANy clo vCcenI Aa&tri›yanI Asr prt&à
cl pr pDtI n9I.
• Aa yojnama& 38a& ba¬ clone iny&iàt krI =kay 2e.
• drek kso4Ina s&caln bad p8 tmam jU9o vCce tulna krI =kay 2e. Aa tmam tulnanI, A&itm
pir8amo sa9e tulna krIne pir8amo v0u iv¼snIy bnavI =kay 2e.
46. smtailt / sm-airt yojna (Counter Balanced Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
sm-airt yojnanI myaRda (Limitations of Counter Balanced Design)
• jo tmam jU9oma& mavjt Aapnar, jUdI judI VyiKt hoy to mavjt AapnarnI Asr
4aXI =katI n9I.
• Aa yojnama& A&k=aSàIy pragitnI myaRda 4aXI =katI n9I. jena kar8e p/yognI
Aa&tirk y9a9Rta jo`may 2e.
• Aek sman ki5nta 0ravta Aekmo ps&d krvanu& kam 9oDu& mu+kel bne 2e.
• sman ki5nta 0ravtI Aekm kso4IAonI rcna krvanu& kam p8 mu+kel bne 2e.
• Aa yojna samaNy krta v0u smy le 2e. te9I paào k&4aXo Anu-ve tevI =Kyta rhe
2e.
47. Aek jU9 smy ›imk yojna (One Group Time Series Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
Aa yojnama& mavjt AaPya phela, juda juda smye Aek j jU9nI Aek krta v0u v`t, pUvR kso4IAo levama&
Aave 2e. te rIte j mavjt AaPya p2I, p/yogpaàonI Aek krta v0u v`t, wär kso4IAo levama& Aave 2e.
Aam Aa yojnama& mavjt AaPya phela Ane p2I Anek v`t prt&à clnu& mapn krvama& Aave 2e.
Aa yojnama& mavjt AaPya phela, juda juda smye Aek j jU9nI Aek krta v0u v`t, pUvR kso4IAo levama&
Aave 2e. te rIte j mavjt AaPya p2I, p/yogpaàonI Aek krta v0u v`t, wär kso4IAo levama& Aave 2e.
Aam Aa yojnama& mavjt AaPya phela Ane p2I Anek v`t prt&à clnu& mapn krvama& Aave 2e.
Aa yojnane sa&keitk rIte nIce mujb d=aRvI =kay.
T1 T2 T3 T4 X T5 T6 T7 T8
Jya&
X = mavjt Ane T1, T2, T3 Ane T4 pUvR kso4IAo 2e, t9a T5, T6, T7 Ane T8 Ae wär kso4IAo 2e.
48. Aek jU9 smy ›imk yojna (One Group Time Series Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
Aek jU9 smy ›imk yojnana fayda (Advantages of One Group Time Series Design)
• Aa yojnama& Aek krta v0u v`t pUvR Ane wär kso4IAo levama& Aave 2e. te9I Aek v`t kso4I
levama& rhI jtI `amIAo dUr 9ay 2e.
• A_yaspaàonI ps&dgI ma4e Ao2o smy lage 2e.
• Jyare prt&à clnu mapn Avlokn µara krvama& Aave Tyare A9va smyna juda juda gaXama&
Sva-aivk rIte mXI rhe teva p/däno wpyog krvano hoy Tyare Aa yojna `Ub wpyogI 9ay 2e.
• vl8, Svs&kLpna, rs Ane Ai-p/ayo jeva, p/ma8ma& Ao2a iS9r cllx8ono A_yas krva
ma4e Aa yojnano Asrkark rIte wpyog krI =kay 2e.
• Aek ne Aek kso4I var&var l;nee pirpKvn Ane kso4InI Asr nabud krI =kay 2e.
• Aa&tirk y9a9Rta jaXvvama& Aa yojna `Ub wpyogI is³ 9ay 2e.
49. Aek jU9 smy ›imk yojna (One Group Time Series Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
Aek jU9 smy ›imk yojnanI myaRdaAo (Limitations of One Group Time Series Design)
• smkalIn 34naAonI Asr 4aXI =katI n9I.
• p/däna iv¿leq8 ma4e ivi=Q4 Ane s&kul Aa&kDa=aSàIy tkinkono wpyog krvo pDe 2e.
• var&var kso4I levama& Aave 2e. je9I pUvR kso4InI Anek clo sa9e 9tI Aa&tri›yanI
Asr prt&à cl pr pDe 2e.
• p/yognI ba¬ y9a9Rta jaXvI =katI n9I.
50. iny&iàt jU9 smy ›imk yojna
(Controlled Group Time Series Design) SATISHPRAKASH
Aa yojnama& p/ayoigk Ane iny&iàt, Aem be jU9onI ps&dgI krvama& Aave 2e. mavjt
AaPya phela p/ayoigk jU9nI, juda juda smye Aek krta v0u v`t pUvR kso4IAo levama&
Aave 2e. te rIte j mavjt AaPya p2I p/yogpaàonI, Aek krta v0u v`t wär kso4IAo
levama& Aave 2e. je4lI var p/ayoigk jU9ne pUvR Ane wär kso4IAo Aapvama& Aave 2e,
te4lI var iny&iàt jU9ne p8 pUvR Ane wär kso4I Aapvama& Aave 2e. jo ke iny&iàt jU9ne
ko; mavjt Aapvama& AavtI n9I. pUvR Ane wär kso4IAoma& b¨e jU9na de`avne
Aa0are, prt&à clna s&d-Rma& mavjt phela Ane p2I temna ivkasnI trahma& Aavela
ferfarnI tpas krvama& Aave 2e.
51. iny&iàt jU9 smy ›imk yojna (Controlled Group Time Series Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
Aa yojnane sa&keitk rIte nIce mujb d=aRvI =kay.
E T1 T2 T3 T4 X T5 T6 T7 T8
C T1 T2 T3 T4 - T5 T6 T7 T8
Jya&
E = p/ayoigk jU9 (Experimental Group)
C = iny&iàt jU9 (Controlled Group)
X = mavjt (Treatment)
T1, T2, T3 Ane T4 pUvR kso4IAo 2e, t9a T5, T6, T7 Ane T8 Ae wär kso4IAo 2e.
52. iny&iàt jU9 smy ›imk yojna (Controlled Group Time Series Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
iny&iàt jU9 smy ›imk yojnana fayda
(Advantages of Controlled Group Time Series Design)
• Aa yojnama& Aek krta v0u jU9 hova9I smkailn 34naAonI Asr iny&iàt 9ay
2e.
• prt&à clna, b¨e jU9ona mapnne kar8e Svt&à clnI prt&à cl prnI Asr
SpQ4p8e ja8I =kay 2e.
53. iny&iàt jU9 smy ›imk yojna (Controlled Group Time Series Design)
SATISHPRAKASH
iny&iàt jU9 smy ›imk yojnanI myaRdaAo
(Limitations of Controlled Group Time Series Design)
• ANy iny&iàt jU9 yojnaAo krta v0u smy le 2e.
• Anek v`t kso4IAo levanI hova9I s&=o0n kayR v0u s&kul bne 2e.
• p/däna iv¿leq8 ma4e ivi=Q4 Ane s&kul Aa&kDa=aSàIy tkinkono wpyog krvo pDe 2e.
54. REFERENCES
Shukla, Satishprakash, (2018) Research Methodology and
Statistics, Ahmedabad: SSS Publications
Shukla, Satishprakash, (2020) s&=o0n – pircy Ane p³iä=aSà,
Ahmedabad: Rishit Publications
PROF. SATISHPRAKASH S. SHUKLA
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION,
GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, NAVRANGPURA,
AHMEDABAD – 380009
E-MAIL: srrshukla@gmail.com
