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‫هیموراژیک‬ ‫کانګو‬ ‫کریمین‬ ‫د‬
‫ناروغي‬ ‫تبي‬
‫کوونکی‬ ‫ترتیب‬:‫هللا‬ ‫صفت‬
CCHF‫ده؟‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ش‬‫څه‬
CCHF‫کانګو‬ ‫کریمین‬ ‫یعنی‬‫ر‬‫فیو‬ ‫یک‬‫ژ‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫هیمو‬
‫څ‬ ‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫د‬ ‫وسیله‬ ‫په‬ ‫کنو‬ ‫د‬ ‫چي‬ ‫ده‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬‫ز‬‫نو‬‫و‬‫ز‬‫ی‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫وایر‬ ‫یوه‬ ‫دا‬‫خه‬
‫انتقالیږي‬ ‫ته‬ ‫انسانانو‬.
‫ده‬ ‫ونکی‬‫ژ‬‫و‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫لپا‬ ‫دانسانانو‬ ‫غي‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دا‬
‫ی‬‫لر‬ ‫نه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫نښ‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ښکا‬ ‫کي‬‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫په‬ ‫غي‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دا‬
‫په‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دا‬۱۹۴۴‫په‬ ‫او‬ ‫کریمیا‬‫په‬۱۹۶۹‫کی‬ ‫هیواد‬ ‫کانګو‬ ‫په‬ ‫کي‬
‫شوه‬ ‫وپیژندل‬
‫له‬ ‫فیصدی‬‫دمړینی‬ ‫غۍ‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫ددی‬۱۰-۴۰‫ده‬ ‫ی‬‫ر‬‫پو‬
‫انتقالونکی‬‫غی‬‫و‬‫دنار‬ ‫او‬‫عامل‬
 Tick-borne virus (Nairo virus) the family
Bunya viridae
 Ixodid (hard) ticks, especially those of the
genus, Hyalomma, are both a reservoir and
a vector for the CCHF virus
‫ي‬‫و‬‫څار‬‫کیدونکې‬ ‫اخته‬‫غۍ‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دې‬‫په‬
‫غواګانی‬
‫ی‬‫ز‬‫و‬
‫میږی‬
‫آسونه‬
‫کیږ‬‫اخته‬‫غۍ‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دی‬ ‫په‬‫ممکن‬‫مرغ‬ ‫شتر‬‫خو‬ ‫دی‬ ‫مقاوم‬ ‫الوتونکی‬‫ی‬
‫خپریدنه‬ ‫افیایی‬‫ر‬‫جغ‬
‫افریقا‬
‫بالکان‬
‫ختیخ‬ ‫منځنی‬
‫ر‬‫نو‬‫آسیایی‬
‫هیوادو‬
‫کی‬‫افغانستان‬‫په‬ ‫ر‬‫فیو‬ ‫یک‬‫ژ‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫هیمو‬
‫انتقال‬
(1‫وسیله‬ ‫په‬‫دکنو‬ ‫ته‬‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬
(2‫وسیله‬ ‫په‬ ‫اتو‬‫ر‬‫دحش‬
(3‫ی‬‫الر‬‫له‬ ‫مایعاتو‬‫او‬ ‫وینی‬‫ملوثی‬‫د‬....
‫انتقال‬‫ته‬‫انسانانو‬
‫وسیله‬ ‫په‬ ‫چیچلو‬ ‫د‬ ‫کنو‬‫د‬
‫وسیله‬ ‫په‬ ‫لو‬‫ژ‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫کنو‬‫د‬ ‫باندی‬ ‫الس‬‫په‬
‫او‬‫ویني‬ ،‫مایعاتو‬،‫جسدونو‬ ‫د‬ ‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫شو‬‫و‬‫مړ‬‫امله‬‫له‬ ‫غۍ‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫د‬
‫امله‬ ‫له‬ ‫تماس‬ ‫د‬ ‫سره‬ ‫انساجو‬
‫و‬ ‫او‬ ‫اتو‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫اف‬‫د‬ ‫ۍ‬‫دهغو‬ ، ‫مستقیم‬‫سره‬ ‫انسانانو‬‫اخته‬‫غۍ‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫په‬‫ینی‬
‫امله‬ ‫له‬ ‫تماس‬ ‫د‬ ‫سره‬
‫قصاب‬‫او‬ ‫انو‬‫ر‬‫مالدا‬، ‫انو‬‫ر‬‫وترن‬ ‫د‬ ‫کي‬ ‫انسانو‬‫په‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دا‬ ‫یاتره‬‫ز‬‫منځ‬ ‫په‬ ‫انو‬
‫ی‬‫شو‬ ‫انتقال‬ ‫کی‬
‫امله‬‫له‬ ‫سامانونو‬ ‫ملوثو‬‫د‬ ‫او‬ ‫ناپاکي‬ ‫د‬ ‫کی‬ ‫غتونونو‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫په‬
‫ی‬ ‫نښ‬
‫د‬۱-۳‫حتی‬ ‫او‬۹‫ه‬‫ر‬‫دو‬ ‫تفریحی‬‫ځی‬‫ر‬‫و‬
‫اغ‬‫ر‬‫استف‬ ‫او‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫غاړ‬‫د‬ ، ‫ګنکسیت‬،‫د‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫،دعضالتو‬ ‫تبه‬ ‫ناڅاپی‬
‫حساسیت‬ ‫سره‬ ‫دملر‬ ‫او‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫سترګو‬ ‫او‬‫مال‬ ، ‫سر‬ ‫د‬
‫اسهال‬ ‫او‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ګیډی‬‫د‬
‫جگر‬ ‫د‬‫غټوالی‬‫ی‬‫ژ‬ ‫او‬‫الی‬‫و‬‫ړ‬
‫یاتوالی‬‫ز‬ ‫ضربان‬ ‫د‬‫ه‬‫ړ‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬‫غدو‬‫ی‬‫ملفاو‬ ‫د‬ ‫او‬‫پړسوب‬
‫د‬‫کی‬‫برخه‬ ‫په‬ ‫ی‬‫ز‬‫پو‬‫وی‬ ‫کی‬‫دماغ‬ ‫په‬ ، ‫داغونه‬‫وینی‬ ‫ی‬‫شو‬ ‫لخته‬ ‫د‬‫په‬ ، ‫نه‬
‫وینه‬ ‫کي‬ ‫اسهاالتو‬ ‫او‬ ‫اغ‬‫ر‬‫استف‬
‫مړینه‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ونۍ‬‫دویمه‬ ‫په‬
‫دی؟‬‫مخ‬‫سره‬ ‫ګواښ‬ ‫دی‬ ‫له‬‫یات‬‫ز‬‫افغانان‬‫ولی‬
‫ن‬‫نشتو‬ ‫ی‬‫پوهاو‬ ‫عامه‬‫د‬
‫ن‬‫نشتو‬ ‫یا‬ ‫کمبود‬ ‫وسایلو‬ ‫د‬ ‫جدوالی‬ ‫د‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫د‬
‫استمال‬‫نه‬ ‫وسایلو‬ ‫محافظتی‬ ‫د‬
‫ساتل‬ ‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫د‬ ‫کی‬‫ونو‬‫ر‬‫کو‬‫په‬
‫ن‬‫نشتو‬ ‫ۍ‬‫اتیژ‬‫ر‬‫ست‬ ‫د‬ ‫لو‬‫ړ‬‫و‬‫ملنځه‬ ‫د‬ ‫غیو‬‫و‬‫نار‬‫ز‬‫نو‬‫و‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬
‫ن‬‫نشتو‬ ‫نو‬‫و‬‫اتوار‬‫ر‬‫الب‬ ‫حیوانی‬ ‫او‬ ‫قرنطین‬‫د‬
‫قصابخانی‬ ‫ی‬‫معیار‬ ‫غیر‬
‫پولي‬‫ی‬ ‫خالص‬ ‫دافغانستان‬ ‫او‬
‫تشخیص‬
CCHF virus infection can be diagnosed by several different
laboratory tests:
 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ;
 antigen detection;
 serum neutralization;
 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay;
and
 virus isolation by cell culture.
Treatment
 General supportive care with treatment of
symptoms is the main approach to managing
CCHF in people.
 The antiviral drug ribavirin has been used to
treat CCHF infection with apparent benefit.
Both oral and intravenous formulations seem to
be effective.
 Vaccine is not available for both animal and
human
‫خلک‬ ‫الندي‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫د‬
، ‫ان‬‫ر‬‫مالدا‬
‫قصابان‬
‫ان‬‫ر‬‫وترن‬
‫مندان‬‫ر‬‫کا‬ ‫صحی‬
‫پخونکې‬
‫نکي‬‫و‬‫کارکو‬ ‫اتوار‬‫ر‬‫دالب‬ ‫او‬
‫ښتنی‬‫ر‬‫سپا‬!
‫ی‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ل‬‫ونیو‬ ‫کی‬ ‫سر‬‫په‬‫ز‬‫نو‬‫و‬‫دز‬ ‫باید‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دا‬
‫ش‬‫ه‬‫ړ‬‫جو‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ادا‬‫یوه‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫لپا‬ ‫کنترول‬‫د‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫ددی‬ ‫باید‬ ‫کی‬ ‫هیواد‬‫په‬‫ی‬
‫ه‬‫ړ‬‫جو‬ ‫ی‬‫اتیژ‬‫ر‬‫ست‬ ‫مشخصه‬ ‫باید‬‫موخه‬‫په‬ ‫کنترول‬‫د‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫ددی‬‫ی‬ ‫ش‬
‫ی‬ ‫وش‬ ‫کمپائنونه‬ ‫ی‬‫پوهاو‬ ‫عامه‬‫د‬ ‫باید‬ ‫کی‬ ‫سیمو‬ ‫الندی‬‫خطر‬ ‫د‬
‫ی‬ ‫ش‬‫ل‬‫ز‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫باید‬ ‫مندان‬‫ر‬‫کا‬ ‫انسانی‬ ‫او‬ ‫حیوانی‬ ‫یج‬‫و‬‫تر‬ ‫د‬
‫ی‬ ‫ش‬‫ل‬‫ز‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫هکله‬‫په‬ ‫غي‬‫و‬‫نار‬‫ددی‬ ‫باید‬ ‫قصابان‬
‫ړ‬‫جو‬ ‫برخی‬ ‫ی‬‫ځانګړ‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫ددی‬ ‫باید‬ ‫کی‬ ‫غتونونو‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫والیتی‬ ‫په‬‫ی‬ ‫ش‬‫ی‬
‫ی‬ ‫ش‬ ‫اصالح‬ ‫باید‬ ‫طویلی‬
‫ج‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫لپا‬‫معاینی‬ ‫د‬ ‫کنی‬ ‫او‬‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫د‬ ‫باید‬ ‫نه‬‫و‬‫اتوار‬‫ر‬‫الب‬ ‫ی‬‫ځانګړ‬ ‫او‬‫ی‬ ‫ش‬‫ړ‬‫و‬
‫مننه‬ ‫نړۍ‬ ‫مو‬ ‫پاملرني‬ ‫له‬

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CCHF in Afghanistan

  • 1.
  • 2. ‫هیموراژیک‬ ‫کانګو‬ ‫کریمین‬ ‫د‬ ‫ناروغي‬ ‫تبي‬ ‫کوونکی‬ ‫ترتیب‬:‫هللا‬ ‫صفت‬
  • 3. CCHF‫ده؟‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ش‬‫څه‬ CCHF‫کانګو‬ ‫کریمین‬ ‫یعنی‬‫ر‬‫فیو‬ ‫یک‬‫ژ‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫هیمو‬ ‫څ‬ ‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫د‬ ‫وسیله‬ ‫په‬ ‫کنو‬ ‫د‬ ‫چي‬ ‫ده‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬‫ز‬‫نو‬‫و‬‫ز‬‫ی‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫وایر‬ ‫یوه‬ ‫دا‬‫خه‬ ‫انتقالیږي‬ ‫ته‬ ‫انسانانو‬. ‫ده‬ ‫ونکی‬‫ژ‬‫و‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫لپا‬ ‫دانسانانو‬ ‫غي‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ی‬‫لر‬ ‫نه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫نښ‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ښکا‬ ‫کي‬‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫په‬ ‫غي‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دا‬ ‫په‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دا‬۱۹۴۴‫په‬ ‫او‬ ‫کریمیا‬‫په‬۱۹۶۹‫کی‬ ‫هیواد‬ ‫کانګو‬ ‫په‬ ‫کي‬ ‫شوه‬ ‫وپیژندل‬ ‫له‬ ‫فیصدی‬‫دمړینی‬ ‫غۍ‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫ددی‬۱۰-۴۰‫ده‬ ‫ی‬‫ر‬‫پو‬
  • 4. ‫انتقالونکی‬‫غی‬‫و‬‫دنار‬ ‫او‬‫عامل‬  Tick-borne virus (Nairo virus) the family Bunya viridae  Ixodid (hard) ticks, especially those of the genus, Hyalomma, are both a reservoir and a vector for the CCHF virus
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. ‫انتقال‬ (1‫وسیله‬ ‫په‬‫دکنو‬ ‫ته‬‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ (2‫وسیله‬ ‫په‬ ‫اتو‬‫ر‬‫دحش‬ (3‫ی‬‫الر‬‫له‬ ‫مایعاتو‬‫او‬ ‫وینی‬‫ملوثی‬‫د‬....
  • 11.
  • 12. ‫انتقال‬‫ته‬‫انسانانو‬ ‫وسیله‬ ‫په‬ ‫چیچلو‬ ‫د‬ ‫کنو‬‫د‬ ‫وسیله‬ ‫په‬ ‫لو‬‫ژ‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫کنو‬‫د‬ ‫باندی‬ ‫الس‬‫په‬ ‫او‬‫ویني‬ ،‫مایعاتو‬،‫جسدونو‬ ‫د‬ ‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫شو‬‫و‬‫مړ‬‫امله‬‫له‬ ‫غۍ‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫د‬ ‫امله‬ ‫له‬ ‫تماس‬ ‫د‬ ‫سره‬ ‫انساجو‬ ‫و‬ ‫او‬ ‫اتو‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫اف‬‫د‬ ‫ۍ‬‫دهغو‬ ، ‫مستقیم‬‫سره‬ ‫انسانانو‬‫اخته‬‫غۍ‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫په‬‫ینی‬ ‫امله‬ ‫له‬ ‫تماس‬ ‫د‬ ‫سره‬ ‫قصاب‬‫او‬ ‫انو‬‫ر‬‫مالدا‬، ‫انو‬‫ر‬‫وترن‬ ‫د‬ ‫کي‬ ‫انسانو‬‫په‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دا‬ ‫یاتره‬‫ز‬‫منځ‬ ‫په‬ ‫انو‬ ‫ی‬‫شو‬ ‫انتقال‬ ‫کی‬ ‫امله‬‫له‬ ‫سامانونو‬ ‫ملوثو‬‫د‬ ‫او‬ ‫ناپاکي‬ ‫د‬ ‫کی‬ ‫غتونونو‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫په‬
  • 13. ‫ی‬ ‫نښ‬ ‫د‬۱-۳‫حتی‬ ‫او‬۹‫ه‬‫ر‬‫دو‬ ‫تفریحی‬‫ځی‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫اغ‬‫ر‬‫استف‬ ‫او‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫غاړ‬‫د‬ ، ‫ګنکسیت‬،‫د‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫،دعضالتو‬ ‫تبه‬ ‫ناڅاپی‬ ‫حساسیت‬ ‫سره‬ ‫دملر‬ ‫او‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫سترګو‬ ‫او‬‫مال‬ ، ‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ‫اسهال‬ ‫او‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ګیډی‬‫د‬ ‫جگر‬ ‫د‬‫غټوالی‬‫ی‬‫ژ‬ ‫او‬‫الی‬‫و‬‫ړ‬ ‫یاتوالی‬‫ز‬ ‫ضربان‬ ‫د‬‫ه‬‫ړ‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬‫غدو‬‫ی‬‫ملفاو‬ ‫د‬ ‫او‬‫پړسوب‬ ‫د‬‫کی‬‫برخه‬ ‫په‬ ‫ی‬‫ز‬‫پو‬‫وی‬ ‫کی‬‫دماغ‬ ‫په‬ ، ‫داغونه‬‫وینی‬ ‫ی‬‫شو‬ ‫لخته‬ ‫د‬‫په‬ ، ‫نه‬ ‫وینه‬ ‫کي‬ ‫اسهاالتو‬ ‫او‬ ‫اغ‬‫ر‬‫استف‬ ‫مړینه‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ونۍ‬‫دویمه‬ ‫په‬
  • 14. ‫دی؟‬‫مخ‬‫سره‬ ‫ګواښ‬ ‫دی‬ ‫له‬‫یات‬‫ز‬‫افغانان‬‫ولی‬ ‫ن‬‫نشتو‬ ‫ی‬‫پوهاو‬ ‫عامه‬‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫نشتو‬ ‫یا‬ ‫کمبود‬ ‫وسایلو‬ ‫د‬ ‫جدوالی‬ ‫د‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫د‬ ‫استمال‬‫نه‬ ‫وسایلو‬ ‫محافظتی‬ ‫د‬ ‫ساتل‬ ‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫د‬ ‫کی‬‫ونو‬‫ر‬‫کو‬‫په‬ ‫ن‬‫نشتو‬ ‫ۍ‬‫اتیژ‬‫ر‬‫ست‬ ‫د‬ ‫لو‬‫ړ‬‫و‬‫ملنځه‬ ‫د‬ ‫غیو‬‫و‬‫نار‬‫ز‬‫نو‬‫و‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫نشتو‬ ‫نو‬‫و‬‫اتوار‬‫ر‬‫الب‬ ‫حیوانی‬ ‫او‬ ‫قرنطین‬‫د‬ ‫قصابخانی‬ ‫ی‬‫معیار‬ ‫غیر‬ ‫پولي‬‫ی‬ ‫خالص‬ ‫دافغانستان‬ ‫او‬
  • 15. ‫تشخیص‬ CCHF virus infection can be diagnosed by several different laboratory tests:  enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ;  antigen detection;  serum neutralization;  reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay; and  virus isolation by cell culture.
  • 16. Treatment  General supportive care with treatment of symptoms is the main approach to managing CCHF in people.  The antiviral drug ribavirin has been used to treat CCHF infection with apparent benefit. Both oral and intravenous formulations seem to be effective.  Vaccine is not available for both animal and human
  • 17. ‫خلک‬ ‫الندي‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫ان‬‫ر‬‫مالدا‬ ‫قصابان‬ ‫ان‬‫ر‬‫وترن‬ ‫مندان‬‫ر‬‫کا‬ ‫صحی‬ ‫پخونکې‬ ‫نکي‬‫و‬‫کارکو‬ ‫اتوار‬‫ر‬‫دالب‬ ‫او‬
  • 18. ‫ښتنی‬‫ر‬‫سپا‬! ‫ی‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ل‬‫ونیو‬ ‫کی‬ ‫سر‬‫په‬‫ز‬‫نو‬‫و‬‫دز‬ ‫باید‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ش‬‫ه‬‫ړ‬‫جو‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ادا‬‫یوه‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫لپا‬ ‫کنترول‬‫د‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫ددی‬ ‫باید‬ ‫کی‬ ‫هیواد‬‫په‬‫ی‬ ‫ه‬‫ړ‬‫جو‬ ‫ی‬‫اتیژ‬‫ر‬‫ست‬ ‫مشخصه‬ ‫باید‬‫موخه‬‫په‬ ‫کنترول‬‫د‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫ددی‬‫ی‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وش‬ ‫کمپائنونه‬ ‫ی‬‫پوهاو‬ ‫عامه‬‫د‬ ‫باید‬ ‫کی‬ ‫سیمو‬ ‫الندی‬‫خطر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ش‬‫ل‬‫ز‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫باید‬ ‫مندان‬‫ر‬‫کا‬ ‫انسانی‬ ‫او‬ ‫حیوانی‬ ‫یج‬‫و‬‫تر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ش‬‫ل‬‫ز‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫هکله‬‫په‬ ‫غي‬‫و‬‫نار‬‫ددی‬ ‫باید‬ ‫قصابان‬ ‫ړ‬‫جو‬ ‫برخی‬ ‫ی‬‫ځانګړ‬ ‫غی‬‫و‬‫نار‬ ‫ددی‬ ‫باید‬ ‫کی‬ ‫غتونونو‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫والیتی‬ ‫په‬‫ی‬ ‫ش‬‫ی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ش‬ ‫اصالح‬ ‫باید‬ ‫طویلی‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫لپا‬‫معاینی‬ ‫د‬ ‫کنی‬ ‫او‬‫یو‬‫و‬‫څار‬ ‫د‬ ‫باید‬ ‫نه‬‫و‬‫اتوار‬‫ر‬‫الب‬ ‫ی‬‫ځانګړ‬ ‫او‬‫ی‬ ‫ش‬‫ړ‬‫و‬
  • 19. ‫مننه‬ ‫نړۍ‬ ‫مو‬ ‫پاملرني‬ ‫له‬