interior desigening

1. ELEMENTS OF INTERIOR DESIGN
1. LINES
There are three main types of lines:
• Horizontal
• Vertical
• Dynamic
For example, for a more earthy, secure, cozy and stable
feel, use horizontal lines. Vertical lines, on the other hand,
make spaces feel lofty and airy.
Horizontal Lines
For a more tranquil and peaceful feeling to a room, use
horizontal lines. They ground the space and make it feel
wider and more expansive.
Vertical Lines
Perpendicular to horizontal lines, verticals draws eyes
upward. For example, if a home boasts amazing tin ceiling

2. tiles, a good interior designer will incorporate vertical lines
that highlight that feature.
Dynamic Lines
These lines suggest movement and stimulation. Zigzag,
angular, and curved lines fall into this category,. Zigzag and
angular lines give energy and life to a room, while smooth
and curvy lines promote softness, smoothness and balance.
2. SPACE
 Space refers to the distance between and around
furniture and objects and their proportions within a
room. Obtaining the balance within a room just right

3. relies on using both 'positive' and 'negative' space
appropriately.
 Positive space is where the room’s objects – such as a
sofa and armchairs – are positioned, while negative
space refers to the gaps in between, and includes
circulation space for navigating through the room, as
well as the areas left open to prevent the room from
feeling cluttered.
 An appropriate balance between the two is vital for a
room to feel well laid-out. One with more negative
space will feel more spacious, larger and bigger, but
too much negative space can also make a room feel
under-furnished and impersonal. A room with too
much positive space taken up can feel crowded and
over-furnished.
3. FORM
 Form is shape, and that includes the shape of the room
itself along with the objects within it like furniture,
artwork and decorative accessories.

4.  These shapes might be geometric – those that have
precise lines and angles – or natural – not just the
irregular shapes of nature but curvaceous pieces.
 Key with these forms is balance and natural shapes
that brings softness to an interior in contrast to the
stronger geometrics.
Geometric form Natural form
4. PATTERN
 A pattern is a collection of lines and forms, making it
a part of the “line” family of elements along with form.
 Patterns accentuate a certain part of interior, be it the
ceiling, stairs, or walls. It can be accomplished with a
bold statement wallpaper or loud color pop on a wall.

5.  Patterns don’t have to be married to the walls. Used
anywhere from the grain in wood, to the picture
frames, drapes, pillows and more.
5. LIGHT
The majority of interiors make use of both natural
daylight and artificial illumination. The daylight can be
filtered with drapery and window coverings.

6. It can also be incorporated where it’s lacking with
techniques such as hanging mirrors, borrowing it from
other rooms and with a window treatment.
Artificial light comes from the room’s ambient or
background lighting - the accent lighting that draws
attention to objects or features, and the task lighting that
makes a kitchen safe for food preparation, an office desk
bright enough for working, or an area of a living space
comfortable for reading.
Dimmer switches allow changes of atmosphere to be
achieved with the lighting, while the choice of the light
fixtures and fittings themselves will contribute to the
room’s appearance.
Natural lighting

7. Types of artificial lighting
Task lighting
Mood lighting
Accent lighting

8. 6. COLOUR
 Colours in interior design connotate certain messages
and moods, as our brains have been wired to perceive
them in a certain way.
 Colour is important not just because it creates a mood
in a room, but because it has the power to make a
room feel larger, lighter, or cozier. It’s vital that the
color selected complements the room’s use with more
restful shades for bedrooms, for example, or energetic
hues in a home office.
 The hour of the day, and whether it’s seen in natural
light or artificial will affect a color’s properties, so
success in using it means considering this before
making a selection.
 Color is sometimes divided into two categories: warm
and cool tones. Warm tones, like red, orange and
yellow can energize a space and its occupants. Cool
tones such as blue, green and purple generally create
quiet, relaxing atmospheres.

9. 7. TEXTURE
• While most of the time texture is how something feels,
interior designers have to consider how textures
look and feel.. There are two types of textures — visual
and actual — and good designers can manipulate both
to create the desired effect.

10. Actual Texture
• This is how a material truly feels. For example, silk
feels smooth, whereas linen can be crisp and rough.
Leather, on the other hand, is also smooth but looks
completely different from silk.
Visual Texture
• Visual texture is how something appears to feel to
eyes. For example, stone wallpaper isn’t exactly the
same as actual stone, but it gives the illusion of stone,
which is more rustic and traditional than it is modern.