Detailed description of the Rock and soils in the environmental .the recent impacts also mentioned what are the changes Use of soil and its impact and the

1. BY:R.D AKIL CHE ANAND

2. ROCKS:
The rocks are the solid mineral material forming part of
the surface of the earth and other similar planets.

3. ROCK TYPES:
There are 3 types of rocks.
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks

4. IGNEOUS ROCKS:
It is formed by solidification of molten magma.
They are also known as primary rocks or parent rocks.
Features are:
1) They are hard
2)Fossils are not there
3)For building they use it.

5. TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

6. INTRUSIVE ROCKS
When the magma cools down inside the earth’s crust it
forms intrusive rocks
The are 2 types:
1)Plutonic rocks
2) Hypabysal rocks
Since intrusive rocks consist of large crystals, they are
called as crystalline rocks.

7. EXTRUSIVE ROCKS:
When lava comes out from the interior of the earth on
its surface.
After reaching it, it will get solidified and form
extrusive rocks

8. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS:
They are formed by sediments derived and deposited of
various agents.
Their features:
1)They are having many layers
2)These are non-crystalline rocks
3)They contain fossils.

9. TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
TYPES OF
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
MECHANICAL
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
INORGANIC
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
ORGANIC
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS

10. ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS:
Formed by decomposition of dead plants and animals.

11. MECHANICAL SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS:
They are formed by the disintegration of igneous and
metamorphic rocks.

12. INORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS:
Formed by precipitation of minerals from water.

13. METARMORPHIC ROCKS:
When igneous and sedimentary rocks change to high
temperature and pressure, the original rock is formed.

14. TYPES OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS
THERMAL
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
DYNAMIC
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS

15. TYPES OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS EXPLAINATION:
Thermal metamorphic rocks:
Mainly caused by high temperature in rock is
called thermal metamorphic rocks.
Dynamic metamorphic rocks:
Mainly caused by high pressure in the rock is
called dynamic metamorphic rocks

16. CHARACTERSTICS OF
METARMORPHIC ROCKS
 Metamorphic rocks are mostly crystalline in nature.
 They consist of alternate hands of light and dark
minerals.

17. ROCKS ARE USED TO MAKE:
 Cement
 Chalk
 Fire
 Building materials
 Bath scrub
 Kerb stone
 Ornaments
 Roof materials
 Decorative materials
 Gold, diamond, sapphire, etc……

18. ROCK CYCLE:
MAGMA
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
METARMORHIC
ROCKS

19. SOIL:
The outer most layer of the earth is called soil.
They are the tiny pieces of rock particles

20. SOIL COMPOSITION:
Value of the matter present in the soil.

21. CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS:
They are classified by :
1)Formation
2)Color
3)Physical properties
4)Chemical properties

22. TYPES OF SOIL:
ALLUVIAL SOIL
BLACK SOIL
LATERATES
SOIL
MOUNTAIN
SOIL
RED SOIL
DESERT
SOIL

23. ALLUVIAL SOIL:
This is formed by the deposition of silt by the running
water.
They found on the river valleys, flood plains & coastal
regions.
Rice, jute, sugarcane, wheat, and other food crops are
cultivated here.

24. BLACK SOIL:
These are formed by the weathering of igneous rocks.
They are clayey in nature.
Cotton can be cultivated

25. RED SOIL:
These are formed by the weathering of metamorphic
rocks and crystalline rocks.
Iron –oxide makes the soil brown in color to red in
color.
These are not fertile
Millet can be cultivated.

26. LATERATES SOIL:
This is formed by leaching process.
Tea and coffee leaves can be cultivated.
The soil can be found in conditions of places where
alternative wet and dry climate is there.

27. MOUNTAIN SOIL:
These are found in the slopes of mountains.
These are acidic and thin also.

28. DESERT SOIL:
These soil is found in desert or hot regions.
These are porous & thin.
Can’t been used for agriculture.

29. SOIL EROSION:
Soil erosion is the removal or destruction of the top layer
by natural forces and human activities

30. LAYERS OF SOIL:

31. TYPES OF HORIZONS:
O-horizon: organic matters are dominated as a layer.
A-horizon: mixture of organic matter and mineral
matter.
E-horizon: it is leached by clay, iron & aluminum
oxide.
B-horizon: full of organic compounds and parent
material.
C-horizon: partially parent material joins together.
R-horizon: consist of unweathering part of bedrock.

32. USES OF SOIL:
Use of agriculture
Handicrafts
Construction
Natural purifier
Ecosystem

33. SOIL CONSERVATION:
Protecting the soil from natural disasters.
Soil conservation steps:
Afforestation
Controlled grazing
Construction of dams
Crop rotation
Strip farming
Contour ploughing
Wind break, etc…..