Comprehensive overview of the FPAT-Test preparation-points for doctors as well as GD personnel.

1. Annex-11-1 PRE-DEPLOYMENT TRAINING FOR PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
S/N Topic Sp - Objective Detail
1. The United
Nations HQ
1. Role and functions of the
UN
2. Structure and organization
of UN HQ
3. Structure and organization
of DPKO, its planning and
administrative processes
1-UNO is inter-governmental organization established in 24 Oct 1945. It
was conceived over existing league of nations to prevent next conflict
after WW-II and to promote international co-operation.
2- It consists of 6 organs :-
a) G/Assembly Ban Ki-moon is president since 2007.
b) Security Council to decide resolution for peace & security
P/memb- US/UK/USSR/China/France
c) ECOSOC
d) Secretariat
e) International court of Justice
f) UN Trusteeship Council
Agencies :- World bank / WHO / World Food Organization /
UNESCO / UNICEF
Objective :-
a) Maintain international peace & Security.
b) Protect & promote Human Rights.
c) Promote Sustainable Development.
d) Protect Environment.
e) Deliver Humanitarian Aid in case of Famine / Disaster and
Armed Conflict.
Finance by :- Assessed & Voluntary contribution of member states.
2. Peacekeepin
g Operations
(PKO)
1. Peacekeeping Mandate
2. Types of peacekeeping
operations
3. Problems encountered in
peacekeeping operations
4. Key players: UN agencies,
NGOs and Governmental
agencies
What is Peacekeeping :- Helping countries torn by conflict to create
condition for lasting peace with use of minimum force.
Types of Peacekeeping ops :-
1. Peace Keeping and
2. Peace Enforcement
Tasks / Problem encounter now a days :-
a) Maintain peace & Security.
b) Facilitate political process.
c) Protect civilian.
d) Assist in disarmament / Demobilization & Re-integration of
former Combatants.
e) Support in Election process.
f) Protect & Promote Human Rights / Child abuse / Women
Harassment / Sexual exploatation.
g) Assist in resting Rule of Law.
3. Field
Missions
1. Structure and organization
of field missions, including
civilian and military
components
2. Key Appointment Holders
1.MILOB –military observer.
2.CIVPOL/UNPOL –civil police/UN-police.
3.TROOPS –Military Contgt Members.
4.STAFF (I) –UN international Staff and UN Volunteers.
5.STAFF (L) –UN local Contracted Staff
6.Others –Non UN Staff, Family Members, Local Population,
Refugees & NGOs.
 Key Appointment Holders
4. The MSD
and MSU
1. Structure and organization
of MSD and MSU
2. Roles and functions of
MSD and MSU
MSD – Promulgate medical support & healthcare policies. Headed
by Director MSD.
MSU – Executive arm of UN for planning, co-coordinating and
monitoring medical support in the field. Headed by Chief,

2. MSU, DPKO.
5. Medical
Support for
PKO
1. Medical support planning
2. Organization of medical
support
3. Levels of medical support
4. Roles of key medical
appointment holders:
FMedO, SMedO, Medical
Unit Commander
Principle:-
1.High Standard Healthcare
2.Timely acess
3.Unbreached medicare during Evacuation
4.Preservation of UN infrastructure in Cost-effective way.
Considerable Factors:-
1.Troops strength
2.Type of operation:- Observer mission / Peace-enforcement.
3.Standard of Local Medical Infrastructure.
4.Geographical factors [Land-distance/Air-distance/Climate]
5.Medical threat assessment:- DNCIR[Disease & Non-combat Inj
rate](<1.3% of deployed & out of it 10% hospitalized) / CCR
[Combat Casualty Rate] may be WIA-wounded in action, KIA-
killed in action, MIA-missing in action & CSC-combat-stress
casualty.
Medical Support Plan:-
Mission Concept => Medical Consideration =>
A. Health threat
i. [Vaccination (6)]
1. Yellow Fever
2. Hepatitis A
3. Hepatitis B
4. Meningitis
5. Typhoid
6. TT &
ii. Disease Prophylaxis [Malaria]
B. Local Infrastructure
1. Medical deployment – OPD/Emergency/Evacuation
2. Logistic plan – Man power
1. Primary Mission
2. Secondary position (FMT)
3. Evacuation Mission
C. Mission Operational Factors (Casualty Evacuation Plan)
Level of Medical Support:-
LEVEL STR MO COVER OPD INDR/
Day
X-Ray/De
ntal/Lab
Consu
mable
I -Beni 11 2 700 20 5x2 60
II -Goma (Army) 35 6 1000 40 20x7 10/10/20 60
III -Kinsasa 90 16 5000 60 50x30 20/20/40 60
IV-Pritoria (SA)
Apointt Duties
FMedO 1.Adviser to Force Cdr
2.Supervise med support plan of mission.
3.Guide about preventive measures, hygiene
sanitation, waste disposal
4.Set treatment & evacuation policies within the
mission.
5.Coordinates medical matters with other UN bodies,
Govt & Non-govt organization within the mission.
6.Data collection & reporting.
SMedO 1. Provide primary healthcare to a peacekeeping force

3. upto 20 pts/day.
2. Conduct entry med-examination for Pkps.
3. Perform minor surgical procedure under local
anesthesia.
4. Perform emergency resuscitation procedures such
as ABC/shock.
5. Triage, stabilize and evacuate a casualty to the nest
level.
6. Inpatient upto 5 pts for 2 days.
7. Vaccination & other prophylaxis required in mission
area.
8. Maintain clinical laboratory with basic field
diagnostic facility.
Maintain the capability to split into separate FMT to
provide medical support simultaneously in two
locations.
6. Health Care
Policies and
Procedures
1. UN Medical standards and
policies
2. Entitlement to medical
care, compensation and
reimbursement for medical
expenses
 Form MS-2 =>used for Entry Med Exam
 Compensation claim =>to be submitted within 4 months to
i. FMedO – Kinshasa
ii. ABCC – UN HQ [Advisory Board on Comp Claim]
iii. MSD – UN HQ
 UNP-2 Designation of beneficiary form. To be signed & kept in
mission office for future use by NOK/TCC.
 Disability assessed by a disability-board comprising
FMedO/SMedO/Treating doctor.
7. Tropical
Medicine
Common infectious diseases
encountered in PKO
Diseases of tropical region (Hot humid climate due to consistent
rain between the tropic lines230
N/S) that are spread by fly &
vectors are called tropical diseases. eg.
1. Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) [T-cruzi – Bugs]
2. Dengue [RNA flavivirus -> Ades mosquito ->Man]
3. Helminthiasis
4. Sleeping Sickness (African Trypanosomiasis) [T.brucci –TsyTsy
fly]
5. Kalazar (Leishmaniasis) [L.donovani ->Sand fly ->man]
6. Leprosy (hansen’s Disease) by Mycoplasma lepri ->man
7. Filariasis (Nematodes)
8. Malaria (plasmodium ->Anopheles mosquito ->man
9. Schistosomiasis
10. Yellow Fever [Flavi virus ->Ades aegypti ->Monkey/Human]
11. Ebola [bats ->human]
8. Preventive
Medicine
1. Immunization policy
2. Disease prophylaxis and
vector control
3. HIV/ AIDS and sexually
transmitted diseases
4. Food and water hygiene
and sanitation
5. Prevention of accidents
6. Stress Management
7. Health Education
1. Mandatory Initial Vaccination ->Yellow Fever/DPT/Polio/
Typhoid
2. Booster -> Hepatitis B/A & Meningitis
3. Malaria Prevention eg Mefloquin/Doxy, Fogging/DDT spray/Net
impregnation
4. HIV ->condoms
9. Medical
Survey
Conduct of medical technical
survey / reconnaissance
10. Casualty
Treatment
and
Evacuation
1. Triage, treatment and
holding policy
2. Casevac, Medevac and
Medical repatriation
1st
<2hrs Red
Immediate
2nd
<6 hrs Yellow
Urgent
3rd
<Hold Green
Delayed
4th
Dead
Black

4. 3. NOTICAS
4. Mass casualty and
disaster preparedness
1. AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION
2. RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCY
3. SHOCK
4.SEVERE TRAUMA
1. VISCERAL INJURY
2. CLOSED CHEST
WITHOUT ASPHYXIA
3. MAJOR LIMB INJURY &
TRAUMA
4. CLOSED HEAD INJURY
5. OPEN EYE INJURY
6. MODERATE BURN
1. SIMPLE CLOSED
FRACTURE
2. SOFT TISSUE
INJURY
3.MAXILLO-FACIAL
INJURY
1.BRAIN
STEM
DEATH
2.TERMINAL
ILLNESS
Casevac Form 7 < 1hr -For evacuation from site of injury to level-1
-Form sent to MSD/DAM & MSU/DPKO
Medevac Form 7.1 < 4hrs -For In-theatre or Out-theatre shift
-Form sent to PMMS/DPKO, MSU/DPKO &
MSD/DAM
Medical
Repatriation
Form 7.1 If RTD (Return to Duty) not possible then
Repatriated
NOTICAS Form 7.2 Immediat
ely
If serious injury/disability/death
1. Unit comdr inform to Mission HQ->UNHQ
2. For death info NHQ -> NOK
3. NHQ comply to Mission HQ about no-2
(info to NOK)
4. CAO respond for Staff(L/I)
NOTICAS prepared individually now by CMPO (Chief Military
Personnel Officer) taking casualty personal data, description of
incidence & Circumstance and after authorized to do so by CAO,
submitted to
1. Situation Centre DPKO
2. PMSS/FALD/DPKO (Personnel Mgt & Support System)
3. MSU/FALD/DPKO
4. MAO/CPU/FALD/DPKO
11. Humanitaria
n Assistance
1. Principles of disaster
medicine
2. Initial assessment and
planning
3. Program objectives and
strategy
4. Program evaluation
To manage multiple casualties with insufficient resources.
To establish First Aid Post, Ops Centre.
Search & Rescue->Triage->Triage tags
Basic Life Support/Resuscitation.
Identifying the dead.
12. Medical
Logistics
1. Categories of medical
logistics support
2. UN Catalog of Medical
Items for PKO
3. Sustainment and
reimbursement
arrangements for
troop-contributing countries
4. Medical logistics
management
5. Requisition procedure for
medical items
6. Blood and blood products.
Medical documentation
13. Medical
Records and
Reporting
1. Medical confidentiality
2. Concepts of medical
epidemiology and health
statistics
3. UN medical reporting
ILLNESS
INJURY
DEATH
CASUALTY
REPORT
MSA-1A (ANNEX 9-1)
(Casualty Incidence Report) for all
cases of Serious Accident / Disease
needing Medvac/Hospitalization by
FMedO to MSU
IMMEDIATE
(within 24
hrs) of
incidence
MSA-1B (ANNEX 9-2)
Casualty Individual Report for each
case by FMedO to MSU
< 2 WEEKS
LOCATION
ORGANISATION
CAPABILITY OF
MED UNIT
MEDICAL
FACILITY
REPORT
MSA-2 (ANNEX 9-3) EVERY 3
MONTHS
MEDICAL
SUMMARY
MEDICAL
TREATMEN
T REPORT
MSA 3-A (ANNEX 9-4)
PER CAPITA
MONTHLY
MSA 3-B (ANNEX 9-5)
PER DIAG
MONTHLY
14. Medical SOP
for Mission
1. Developing Medical SOP
2. Sample of Medical SOP
for PKO

5. 15. Medical
Training
1. Training requirements
2. Techniques of medical
instruction
3. Health education
programs
16. International
Humanitaria
n Law
1. Aspects of International
Humanitarian Law and
their implications to PKO
2. Geneva Convention and
its Protocols
3. Privileges and Immunities
of UN peacekeepers
17. Security
Issues
1. Basic and essential field
security measures
2. Mine awareness
18. Personal
Skills
1. Good public relations,
liaison and negotiation
skills
2. Working with interpreters
3. Dealing with media
Annex-11-2 FIRST AID TRAINING FOR PEACEKEEPERS
1. Cardio-Pulmonary
Resuscitation
1. Positioning of
unconscious
individual
2. .Mouth-to-
mouth.
resuscitation
3. Use of Venti-
mask
4. Cardiac or
chest
compression
Head back => chin up => 2/15 M2M breathing/chest compression
=> defibrillate => IV line in Anticubital/Sub-clavian/Int-jugular =>
100% 02 =>Intubation within 30 sec => NaHCO3 if Acidosis <7.15 =>
Calcium if tetani (Less Ca)
2. Control of Hemorrhage 1. Importance of
universal
precautions
2. Pressure
dressing and
bandaging
3. Preventing
further bleeding
If shocked even after >2 L of crystalloid or class III/IV shock ->
FFP + Packed RBC + Platelets
3. Wound Dressing Dressing common
wounds in various
parts of body
4. Fracture
Immobilization
1. Immobilization
techniques
2. Handling
casualties with
neck injuries
5. Casualty Transport
and Evacuation
1. Preparing
casualty for
transport
2. Casualty
transport by
stretcher
3. Improvised
techniques for
transporting
casualty
6. Communications and
Reporting
1. Reporting
procedure for
accidents
2. Activating
procedure for
ambulances and
air evacuation
S/No
Headings Description
1. UN Core value a)Integrity.

6. b)Respect for diversity.
c) Professionalism.
2. UN Code of Conduct 1.UN police officers must perform their duties with the interest solely of
the UN in mind, acting so as to recognize the needs and interest of the
host country and its people, and acting with strict impartiality,
integrity, independence and tact in all their dealings.
2.They must not abuse or exploit members of the local population, in
particular, women and children.
3.Neither solicit nor accept any material reward, honor or gift from any
source other than the organization.
4.Treat UN property, especially vehicle and communications equipment,
with care and must not trade, sell or use such property for personal
benefit.
5.Abide by these guidelines, standard operating procedures, UN rules,
regulations and other issuances.
1. UN Policies of sexual
exploitation & abuse
policies and on sexual
& gender based
violence.
Sexual exploitation means any actual or attempted abuse of a position
of vulnerability, deferential power, or trust, for sexual purposes,
including, but not limited to, profiting monetarily, socially and politically
from the sexual exploitation of another. Similarly the term sexual abuse
means the actual or threatened physical intrusion of a sexual nature,
whether, whether by force or under unequal or coercive conditions.
a)Sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious
misconduct and are therefore ground for disciplinary measures,
including summary dismissal.
b)Sexual activity with children (Person under the age of 18) is prohibited
regardless of the age of majority or age of consent locally.
c) Exchange of money, employment, goods or services for sex, including
sexual favors or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative
behavior, is prohibited.
d)Sexual relationship between UN staff and beneficiaries of assistance,
since they are based on inherent unequal power dynamics, undermine
the credibility and integrity of the work of the UN and are strongly
discouraged.
e)Where a UN staff member develops concern or suspicions regarding
sexual exploitation or sexual abuse by a fellow worker, whether in the
same agency or not and whether or not within the UN system, he/she
must report such concerns via established reporting mechanism.
f) UN staffs are obliged to create and maintain an environment that
prevents sexual exploitation and abuse.
2. Human Rights standard
& guidelines.
THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL
DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of
achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every
individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration
constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote
respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures,
national and international, to secure their universal and effective
recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States
themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
Article 1.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They
are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one
another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2.
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this

7. Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin,
property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made
on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the
country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be
independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of
sovereignty.
Article 3.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave
trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment.
Article 6.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before
the law.
Article 7.
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination
to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against
any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any
incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8.
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent
national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him
by the constitution or by law.
Article 9.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10.
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and
obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
Article 11.
(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be
presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at
which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any
act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national
or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a
heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time
the penal offence was committed.
Article 12.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy,
family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and
reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against
such interference or attacks.
Article 13.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence
within the borders of each state.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own,
and to return to his country.
Article 14.
(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries
asylum from persecution.
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely
arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes
and principles of the United Nations.
Article 15.
(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the

8. right to change his nationality.
Article 16.
(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race,
nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family.
They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at
its dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of
the intending spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and
is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17.
(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in
association with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article 18.
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion;
this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom,
either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to
manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and
observance.
Article 19.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right
includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek,
receive and impart information and ideas through any media and
regardless of frontiers.
Article 20.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and
association.
(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21.
(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his
country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his
country.
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of
government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine
elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be
held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Article 22.
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and
is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-
operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of
each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for
his dignity and the free development of his personality.
Article 23.
(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to
just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against
unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for
equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable
remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of
human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of
social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the
protection of his interests.
Article 24.
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable
limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Article 25.
(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the

9. health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food,
clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and
the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability,
widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond
his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and
assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy
the same social protection.
Article 26.
(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at
least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education
shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be
made generally available and higher education shall be equally
accessible to all on the basis of merit.
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human
personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and
friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further
the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall
be given to their children.
Article 27.
(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the
community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and
its benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material
interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of
which he is the author.
Article 28.
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the
rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29.
(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and
full development of his personality is possible.
(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be
subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the
purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and
freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality,
public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to
the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30.
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any
State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform
any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set
forth herein
3. Guidelines on gender
equality & child
protection.
A.Research conducted in the region suggests that gender-biased sex
selection occurs in a diverse range of countries that have three
elements in common: a strong preference for male offspring, declining
fertility rates, and access to modern ultrasound technologies.
B.The training course teaches them how to prevent and report violations
against children, how to interact with other child protection actors,
and raises awareness about their own behavior towards children. It is
our aim that 100,000 peacekeepers are trained to become a protective
force for children.
4. Mandate of the PKO Although each UN peacekeeping operations is different, there is a

10. considerable degree of consistency in the types of mandated tasks
assigned by the Security Council. Depending on their mandate,
peacekeeping operations may be required to:
 Deploy to prevent the outbreak of conflict or the spill-over of conflict
across borders;
 Stabilize conflict situations after a ceasefire, to create an environment
for the parties to reach a lasting peace agreement;
 Assist in implementing comprehensive peace agreements;
 Lead states or territories through a transition to stable government,
based on democratic principles, good governance and economic
development.
Depending on the specific set of challenges, UN peacekeepers are
often mandated to play a catalytic role in the following essentially peace-
building activities:
 Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants;
 Mine action;
 Security sector reform and other rule of law-related activities;
 Protection and promotion of human rights;
 Electoral assistance;
 Support for the restoration and extension of State authority;
 Promotion of social and economic recovery and development.
5. FPU related documents
such as the revised FPU
policy, guidelines, SOP,
COE Manual, MOU.
6. Host country
awareness.
7. His/Her specific duties.
(Level one med-
support)
1. Provide primary healthcare to a peacekeeping force upto 20 pts/day.
2. Conduct entry med-examination for Pkps.
3. Maintain Hygiene-sanitation, waste disposal of the camp.
4. Perform minor surgical procedure under local anesthesia.
5. Perform emergency resuscitation procedures such as ABC/shock.
6. Triage, stabilize and evacuate a casualty to the nest level.
7. Inpatient upto 5 pts for 2 days.
8. Vaccination & other prophylaxis required in mission area.
9. Maintain clinical laboratory with basic field diagnostic facility.
10. Maintain the capability to split into separate FMT to provide medical
support simultaneously in two locations.
11. Administrative issues
(NOTICAS, medical
updates)