SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 19
Liz LaRosa http://www.middleschoolscience.com 2010
Images from Geology.com unless otherwise noted
 A rock is a naturally occurring solid
mixture of one or more minerals, or
organic matter
 Rocks are classified by how they
are formed, their composition, and
texture
 Rocks change over time through
the rock cycle
 Igneous rock begins as magma.
 Magma can form:
▪ When rock is heated
▪ When pressure is released
▪ When rock changes composition
 Magma freezes between
700 °C and 1,250 °C
 Magma is a mixture of
many minerals
http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/igneous.htm
 Felsic: light colored rocks that are rich in
elements such as aluminum, potassium,
silicon, and sodium
 Mafic: dark colored rocks that are rich in
calcium, iron, and magnesium, poor in silicon
 Coarse-grained: takes longer to cool, giving
mineral crystals more time to grow
 Fine-grained: cools quickly with little to no
crystals
Felsic
Mafic
Coarse-Grained Fine-Grained
Granite
Gabbro Basalt
Rhyolite
 Intrusive Igneous Rocks:
magma pushes into
surrounding rock below the
Earth’s surface
 Extrusive Rocks: forms when
magma erupts onto the Earth’s
surface (lava), cools quickly
with very small or no crystals
formed
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/ig_intrusive.html&edu=high&fr=t
Obsidian is a dark-colored volcanic glass that forms from the very rapid
cooling of molten rock material. It cools so rapidly that crystals do not form.
Is this rock Felsic or
Mafic?
Is it fine-grained or
coarse-grained?
Is this rock Intrusive or
Extrusive?
Mafic, fine grained, extrusive
http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/sediment.htm
 Sedimentary rock is formed by erosion
 Sediments are moved from
one place to another
 Sediments are deposited in
layers, with the older ones
on the bottom
 The layers become compacted
and cemented together
 Sedimentary Rocks are formed at or near the
Earth’s surface
 No heat and pressure involved
 Strata – layers of rock
 Stratification – the process in
which sedimentary rocks are
arranged in layers
Clastic – made of fragments of rock
cemented together with calcite or quartz
Breccia is a term most often
used for clastic sedimentary
rocks that are composed of
large angular fragments
(over two millimeters in
diameter).
The spaces between the
large angular fragments can
be filled with a matrix of
smaller particles or a mineral
cement that binds the rock
together.
Chemical sedimentary – minerals crystallize
out of solution to become rock
Limestone is a sedimentary rock
composed primarily of calcium
carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of
the mineral calcite. It most
commonly forms in clear, warm,
shallow marine waters.
It is usually an organic
sedimentary rock that forms
from the accumulation of shell,
coral, algal and fecal debris.
Organic sedimentary – remains of plants and
animals
Coal is an organic
sedimentary rock that
forms from the
accumulation and
preservation of plant
materials, usually in a
swamp environment.
Coal is a combustible rock
and along with oil and
natural gas it is one of the
three most important
fossil fuels.
http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/metamorph.htm
 Meaning to change shape
 Changes with temperature
and pressure, but remains
solid
 Usually takes place deep in
the Earth
 Contact Metamorphism – heated by nearby magma
 Increased temperature changes the composition of
the rock, minerals are changed into new minerals
Hornfels is a fine-grained non-foliated
metamorphic rock produced by
contact metamorphism
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/meta_contact.html&edu=h igh&fr=t
 Regional Metamorphism –
pressure builds up in rocks
that is deep within the Earth
 Large pieces of the Earth’s
crust collide and the rock is
deformed and chemically
changed by heat and pressure
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/meta_regional.html&edu=high&fr=t
 Foliated - contain aligned grains of flat
minerals
Gneiss is foliated
metamorphic rock
that has a banded
appearance and is
made up of granular
mineral grains.
It typically contains
abundant quartz or
feldspar minerals.
 Non-Foliated – mineral grains are not
arranged in plains or bands
Marble is a non-
foliated metamorphic
rock that is produced
from the
metamorphism of
limestone.
It is composed
primarily of calcium
carbonate.
 Determine if the following rock samples are
foliated or non-foliated:
Amphibolite Quartzite Phyllite
Foliated
 Be sure to complete your “Types of Rocks”
notes as you view this presentation.

More Related Content

Similar to Types-of-Rocks Geological.ppt

Similar to Types-of-Rocks Geological.ppt (20)

EarthSci 3 - Minerals and Rocks
EarthSci 3 - Minerals and Rocks EarthSci 3 - Minerals and Rocks
EarthSci 3 - Minerals and Rocks
 
ROCKSEARTHSCIENCE
ROCKSEARTHSCIENCEROCKSEARTHSCIENCE
ROCKSEARTHSCIENCE
 
Rocks AND SOIL FORMATION
Rocks AND SOIL FORMATIONRocks AND SOIL FORMATION
Rocks AND SOIL FORMATION
 
Rocks
RocksRocks
Rocks
 
ROCKS.pptx
ROCKS.pptxROCKS.pptx
ROCKS.pptx
 
Kinds of Rocks
Kinds of RocksKinds of Rocks
Kinds of Rocks
 
Rock Classifications
Rock ClassificationsRock Classifications
Rock Classifications
 
03.Rocks.ppt
03.Rocks.ppt03.Rocks.ppt
03.Rocks.ppt
 
Rocks ii
Rocks iiRocks ii
Rocks ii
 
04 rocks
04 rocks04 rocks
04 rocks
 
Rocks
RocksRocks
Rocks
 
The different types of rocks
The different types of rocksThe different types of rocks
The different types of rocks
 
Rocks
Rocks Rocks
Rocks
 
Obj 2 changes rocks undergo over time
Obj 2 changes rocks undergo over timeObj 2 changes rocks undergo over time
Obj 2 changes rocks undergo over time
 
Chapter 4- rocks
Chapter 4- rocksChapter 4- rocks
Chapter 4- rocks
 
Earth Science Types of Rocks
Earth Science Types of RocksEarth Science Types of Rocks
Earth Science Types of Rocks
 
Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth
Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth
Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth
 
Weathering of rocks and minerals
Weathering of rocks and mineralsWeathering of rocks and minerals
Weathering of rocks and minerals
 
Rocks.ppt
Rocks.pptRocks.ppt
Rocks.ppt
 
Rocks
RocksRocks
Rocks
 

Recently uploaded

Study on Air-Water & Water-Water Heat Exchange in a Finned Tube Exchanger
Study on Air-Water & Water-Water Heat Exchange in a Finned Tube ExchangerStudy on Air-Water & Water-Water Heat Exchange in a Finned Tube Exchanger
Study on Air-Water & Water-Water Heat Exchange in a Finned Tube ExchangerAnamika Sarkar
 
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130Suhani Kapoor
 
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
 
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝soniya singh
 
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdfCCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdfAsst.prof M.Gokilavani
 
ZXCTN 5804 / ZTE PTN / ZTE POTN / ZTE 5804 PTN / ZTE POTN 5804 ( 100/200 GE Z...
ZXCTN 5804 / ZTE PTN / ZTE POTN / ZTE 5804 PTN / ZTE POTN 5804 ( 100/200 GE Z...ZXCTN 5804 / ZTE PTN / ZTE POTN / ZTE 5804 PTN / ZTE POTN 5804 ( 100/200 GE Z...
ZXCTN 5804 / ZTE PTN / ZTE POTN / ZTE 5804 PTN / ZTE POTN 5804 ( 100/200 GE Z...ZTE
 
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICSAPPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICSKurinjimalarL3
 
Past, Present and Future of Generative AI
Past, Present and Future of Generative AIPast, Present and Future of Generative AI
Past, Present and Future of Generative AIabhishek36461
 
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024Mark Billinghurst
 
Artificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptx
Artificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptxArtificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptx
Artificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptxbritheesh05
 
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptxWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptxwendy cai
 
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsHigh Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escortsranjana rawat
 
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptxBiology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptxDeepakSakkari2
 
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130Suhani Kapoor
 
Internship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineeringInternship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineeringmalavadedarshan25
 
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.eptoze12
 
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...VICTOR MAESTRE RAMIREZ
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCRCall Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
 
Study on Air-Water & Water-Water Heat Exchange in a Finned Tube Exchanger
Study on Air-Water & Water-Water Heat Exchange in a Finned Tube ExchangerStudy on Air-Water & Water-Water Heat Exchange in a Finned Tube Exchanger
Study on Air-Water & Water-Water Heat Exchange in a Finned Tube Exchanger
 
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
 
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...
 
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Narela Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
 
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdfCCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
 
ZXCTN 5804 / ZTE PTN / ZTE POTN / ZTE 5804 PTN / ZTE POTN 5804 ( 100/200 GE Z...
ZXCTN 5804 / ZTE PTN / ZTE POTN / ZTE 5804 PTN / ZTE POTN 5804 ( 100/200 GE Z...ZXCTN 5804 / ZTE PTN / ZTE POTN / ZTE 5804 PTN / ZTE POTN 5804 ( 100/200 GE Z...
ZXCTN 5804 / ZTE PTN / ZTE POTN / ZTE 5804 PTN / ZTE POTN 5804 ( 100/200 GE Z...
 
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICSAPPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
 
🔝9953056974🔝!!-YOUNG call girls in Rajendra Nagar Escort rvice Shot 2000 nigh...
🔝9953056974🔝!!-YOUNG call girls in Rajendra Nagar Escort rvice Shot 2000 nigh...🔝9953056974🔝!!-YOUNG call girls in Rajendra Nagar Escort rvice Shot 2000 nigh...
🔝9953056974🔝!!-YOUNG call girls in Rajendra Nagar Escort rvice Shot 2000 nigh...
 
Past, Present and Future of Generative AI
Past, Present and Future of Generative AIPast, Present and Future of Generative AI
Past, Present and Future of Generative AI
 
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
 
Artificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptx
Artificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptxArtificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptx
Artificial-Intelligence-in-Electronics (K).pptx
 
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptxWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
What are the advantages and disadvantages of membrane structures.pptx
 
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsHigh Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Isha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
 
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptxExploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
 
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptxBiology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
 
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
 
Internship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineeringInternship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineering
 
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
 
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
 

Types-of-Rocks Geological.ppt

  • 1. Liz LaRosa http://www.middleschoolscience.com 2010 Images from Geology.com unless otherwise noted
  • 2.  A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter  Rocks are classified by how they are formed, their composition, and texture  Rocks change over time through the rock cycle
  • 3.  Igneous rock begins as magma.  Magma can form: ▪ When rock is heated ▪ When pressure is released ▪ When rock changes composition  Magma freezes between 700 °C and 1,250 °C  Magma is a mixture of many minerals http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/igneous.htm
  • 4.  Felsic: light colored rocks that are rich in elements such as aluminum, potassium, silicon, and sodium  Mafic: dark colored rocks that are rich in calcium, iron, and magnesium, poor in silicon  Coarse-grained: takes longer to cool, giving mineral crystals more time to grow  Fine-grained: cools quickly with little to no crystals
  • 6.  Intrusive Igneous Rocks: magma pushes into surrounding rock below the Earth’s surface  Extrusive Rocks: forms when magma erupts onto the Earth’s surface (lava), cools quickly with very small or no crystals formed http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/ig_intrusive.html&edu=high&fr=t
  • 7. Obsidian is a dark-colored volcanic glass that forms from the very rapid cooling of molten rock material. It cools so rapidly that crystals do not form. Is this rock Felsic or Mafic? Is it fine-grained or coarse-grained? Is this rock Intrusive or Extrusive? Mafic, fine grained, extrusive
  • 8. http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/sediment.htm  Sedimentary rock is formed by erosion  Sediments are moved from one place to another  Sediments are deposited in layers, with the older ones on the bottom  The layers become compacted and cemented together
  • 9.  Sedimentary Rocks are formed at or near the Earth’s surface  No heat and pressure involved  Strata – layers of rock  Stratification – the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers
  • 10. Clastic – made of fragments of rock cemented together with calcite or quartz Breccia is a term most often used for clastic sedimentary rocks that are composed of large angular fragments (over two millimeters in diameter). The spaces between the large angular fragments can be filled with a matrix of smaller particles or a mineral cement that binds the rock together.
  • 11. Chemical sedimentary – minerals crystallize out of solution to become rock Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of the mineral calcite. It most commonly forms in clear, warm, shallow marine waters. It is usually an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation of shell, coral, algal and fecal debris.
  • 12. Organic sedimentary – remains of plants and animals Coal is an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials, usually in a swamp environment. Coal is a combustible rock and along with oil and natural gas it is one of the three most important fossil fuels.
  • 13. http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/metamorph.htm  Meaning to change shape  Changes with temperature and pressure, but remains solid  Usually takes place deep in the Earth
  • 14.  Contact Metamorphism – heated by nearby magma  Increased temperature changes the composition of the rock, minerals are changed into new minerals Hornfels is a fine-grained non-foliated metamorphic rock produced by contact metamorphism http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/meta_contact.html&edu=h igh&fr=t
  • 15.  Regional Metamorphism – pressure builds up in rocks that is deep within the Earth  Large pieces of the Earth’s crust collide and the rock is deformed and chemically changed by heat and pressure http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/meta_regional.html&edu=high&fr=t
  • 16.  Foliated - contain aligned grains of flat minerals Gneiss is foliated metamorphic rock that has a banded appearance and is made up of granular mineral grains. It typically contains abundant quartz or feldspar minerals.
  • 17.  Non-Foliated – mineral grains are not arranged in plains or bands Marble is a non- foliated metamorphic rock that is produced from the metamorphism of limestone. It is composed primarily of calcium carbonate.
  • 18.  Determine if the following rock samples are foliated or non-foliated: Amphibolite Quartzite Phyllite Foliated
  • 19.  Be sure to complete your “Types of Rocks” notes as you view this presentation.