ntroduction of Signal such as sinosoidal signals, definition of signals

Signals & Systems
Department of ECE
Dr. Ajay Kumar Yadav, Assistant Professor

01 Course outcomes
02 Text book
03 NPTEL course on the subject
04 Introduction to Signals & Systems
05 What is signals? What is system?
Agenda / Contents
C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha
03-01-2024 1

www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint
Course Outcomes (CO)
• After completion of the course you will be able to:
• CO1: Identify different signals and systems and state their properties
for both continuous and discrete domain.
• CO2: Apply the concept of impulse response and perform convolution
in both continuous and discrete domain, to analyze the LTI systems.
• CO3: Perform the spectral analysis of signals using Fourier transform
and Fourier series methods.
03-01-2024 3

Course Outcomes (CO)
• CO4: Analyze discrete-time signals and determine the stability
criterion of LTI system using Z-transform.
• CO5: Demonstrate the mathematical skills to solve problems
involving sampling, filtering, and reconstructing of signals.
03-01-2024 4

Brief Syllabus
• Unit-1: Introduction:
what is signal, what is system, classification of signals, operations on
signals, Energy of signals, properties of systems.
• Unit-2: Analysis of Signals and systems:
Convolution sum, convolution integral, interconnection of systems,
impulse response, difference equation, Applications
FS, FT, DTFS, DTFT, Properties of FT, Applications
03-01-2024 5

Brief Syllabus
• Unit-3: Laplace-Transform:
Introduction LT, Properties of LT, properties of Laplace-transform,
ROC, causality and stability, Applications
• Unit-4: Z-Transform
Introduction, the Z-transform, properties of Z-transform, ROC,
causality and stability, Applications
03-01-2024 6

Brief Syllabus
• Unit-5: Sampling & Reconstruction of Signals
The sampling theorem, Reconstruction of a signal from its samples,
Aliasing and its effect, discrete time processing of continuous time
signals, Quantization of signals, quantization error.
03-01-2024 7

Text Books
03-01-2024 8

Text Books
03-01-2024 9

NPTEL Course
• NPTEL: (Dr. Kushal Shah,IISER Bhopal)
• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/106/108106163/
• YouTube Lecture:
• https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyqSpQzTE6M8KJ-XQ1m2vl3nd2ZUqKEN8
03-01-2024 10

Assignment Rubrics
Excellent (8-10) Good (5-7) Need
Improvement (<5)
Problem Solving  Approach is correct
 Equations are correct.
 End results are correct.
 Approach is correct
 Equations are correct
 End results are incorrect
 Approach is correct
 Equations are incorrect
 End results are incorrect.
Mathematical
Analysis
 Derivation steps are
correct
 Formulation is correct.
partially correct.
 Formulation is incorrect.
incorrect
 Formulation is incorrect.
Conceptual Clarity  Sufficient to solve the
complex problem.
 Justification with exact
explanation.
 Partially correct to solve
the complex problem.
 Justification with exact
explanation.
 No exact idea to solve the
complex problem
 Justification is imperfect
03-01-2024 11

What is a Signal?
• “Signal is formally defined as a function of one or more variables that conveys
information on the nature of a physical phenomenon” (Simon Haykin)
• Examples of signals:
• human speech
• an email
• ECG
• weather forecast
• stock market index
• satellite images of the earth
• a space probe etc.
• The list of what constitutes a signal is endless.
03-01-2024 12

One Dimensional (1-D) Signal
• When the function depends on a single variable, the signal is called one
dimensional (1-D)
• Example: speech signal (amplitude varies with time, based on words spoken, or who speaks
it)
03-01-2024 13

Example: 1-D signal
03-01-2024 14

Multi-dimensional Signal
• When the function depends on two or more variables, the signal is called
multidimensional.
• Example: image is a 2-D signal (horizontal and vertical coordinates are the two dimensions)
03-01-2024 15

Example: 2-D signal
03-01-2024 16

What is a System?
• “System is formally defined as an entity that manipulates one or more
signals to accomplish a function, thereby yielding new signals”
(Simon Haykin)
03-01-2024 17

What is a System?
• There is always a system associated with the generation of a signal
• Ex, speech signal is generated by- Lips, Tongue, vocal cord etc.
• These constitute a system that generates speech
• And another system associated with the extraction of information
from the signal
• Processing of speech signal: ears, auditory pathways in the brain
• These are another kind of systems
• In this case, the systems are biological in nature
03-01-2024 18

What is a System?
• These systems could also be implemented using electronic systems
that try to mimic the biological systems
• Ex, automatic speech recognition system
• Used to process speech signal to recognize words or phases
03-01-2024 19

Important Applications
Communication system:
• There are three basic elements to each communication system-
transmitter, channel, and receiver.
• Each of these elements may be viewed as a system with associated
signal of its own.
03-01-2024 20

Control system:
• The control of physical systems is wide spread in our industrial society
• Aircraft autopilot
• Automobile engines
• Paper mills
• Nuclear reactors
• Power plants
• Robots etc.
03-01-2024 21

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS):
• These systems merge mechanical systems with microelectronic
control circuits on a silicon chip
• Results in smaller, more powerful, less noisy new generation “smart”
sensors and actuators
• Having broad range of applications in healthcare, biotechnology,
automotive, and navigation systems
03-01-2024 22

Remote sensing:
• It is the process of acquiring information about an object of interest
without being physically in contact with it
• The acquisition of information can be performed by active or passive
manner
• Active: by sending signal and then processing the received echo
• Passive: by processing the signal that is naturally emitted by the
object
03-01-2024 23

Biomedical Signal Processing:
• Goal is to extract information from a biological signal
• Helps us diagnose and treatment of a medical condition
• ECG: gives condition of heart functioning
• EEG: brain waves for various applications like epilepsy
03-01-2024 24

Thank You
E C E
w w w . c g u - o d i s h a . e d u . i n
Dr. A K Yadav, Assistant Professor

ntroduction of Signal such as sinosoidal signals, definition of signals

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to ntroduction of Signal such as sinosoidal signals, definition of signals

Similar to ntroduction of Signal such as sinosoidal signals, definition of signals (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

ntroduction of Signal such as sinosoidal signals, definition of signals