This document discusses radioimmunoassay (RIA), a method for determining the concentration of immunogenic substances. RIA works by comparing the inhibitory effect of an unknown unlabeled antigen on the binding of radioactively-labeled antigen to an antibody, to the inhibitory effect of known standards. There are two main types of RIA: solid phase RIA which attaches antibodies to a solid surface, and liquid phase RIA which uses a liquid medium. RIA has applications in fields like endocrinology, toxicology, and disease detection. It offers advantages of high specificity and sensitivity to detect very small sample quantities. However, it requires special handling of radioactive reagents and trained personnel.

1. RADIOIMMUNO ASSAY
NAME : PIJUSH NANDI
ROLL : 41 YEAR : 4TH SEM : 8TH
SUB : PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
SUBMITTED TO: ASST PROF MRS. KAMALIKA MAZUMDAR
BCDA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY & TECHNOLOGY

2. INTRODUCTION
 Radioimmunoassay (ria) is a general method for the determination of the
concentration of virtually any substance which is or can be rendered
immunogenic.
 The principle is simple. the concentration of an unknown unlabeled antigen is
obtained by comparing its inhibitory effect on the binding of radioactively-labeled
antigen to specific antibody with the inhibitory effect of known standards.
 Recent developments have demonstrated its applicability to fields as diverse as
toxicology, virology, and cancer detection.
 Mainly these are of two types : a) solid phase radio-immunoassay b)liquid phase
radio immuno assay

3. LIQUID-PHASE RIA
 A liquid medium containing
known quantity of tag antigen &
untag antigen which comes from
patients
 Excess amount of specific
antibody are added
 Antigen-antibody complex occur
 The complex is subjected to
scintillation counter

4. SOLID -PHASE RIA
 Non- radio active antibody is attached to a solid
surface
 When sample is added to antibody containing
solid surface , surface peaks up the free floating
antigen present in the sample
 Complex is separated by washing with buffer
 The complex is then treated with radioactive
antibody is attached to the surface of the antigen
forming a sandwich
 The complex is subjected to the radio active
counting unit

5. APPLICATIONS
• Analysis of hormones, vitamins, metabolites, insulin,
vit-B12, T3, T4, SETH
• Therapeutic drug monitoring
• Toxicological studies : barbiturate, morphine
• Diagnosis of HAA virus

6. ADVANTAGES
 Highly specific, accurate
 Sensitive method
 Determination of very small quantity of
samples
 No other analytical procedure can be
applied with the same level of accuracy

7. DISADVANTAGES
 Use of radiolabeled reagent :
can cause hazards
 Storage & proper handling of
radiolabeled reagent is required
 Required specially trained
personnel's

8. CONCLUSION
 Radio-Immunoassay methods are bioanalytical methods in which quantitation of
analyte depends on its reaction with specific antibody. the response signal is
generated from a label attached to either the analyte or antibody. The property of
highly specific recognition of analytes by antibodies leads to the high selectivity of
these assays. .
 Radio-Immunoassay methods are capable of quantifying wide variety of
compounds such as low molecular weight drugs, macromolecular biomolecules,
metabolites, and/or biomarkers which indicate disease diagnosis

9. REFERENCES
 Instrumentation of chemical analysis : chatwal –Anand
 Clinical biochemistry with radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. Kellner R,
Mermet JM, Otto M, Widmer HM. Analytical Chemistry. New York: Wiley-VCH;
1998. pp. 405–429.
 Findlay JW, Smith WC, Lee JW, Nordblom GD, et al. J. Pharm. Biomed.
Anal. 2000;21:1249–1273.
 Chuanlai X, Cifang P, Kai H, Zhengyu J, et al. Luminescence. 2006;21:126–128.
 Samsonova ZhV, Shchelokova OS, Ivanova NL, Rubtsova MU, et al. Prikl.
Biokhim. Mikrobiol. 2005;41:668–675

10. THANK YOU