3. What is the visual examination of the body?
• The visual examination of the body using the eyes and a lighted instrument if
needed.
• 1)Palpation
• 2)Percussion
• 3)Auscultation
• 4)Laboratory studies
• 5)Instrumental studies
Types of visual examination
4. 1] Palpation
• Palpation is the process of using one's hands to check the
body, especially while perceiving/diagnosing a disease or
illness.
• Usually performed by a health care practitioner, it is the
process of feeling an object in or on the body to determine
its size, shape, firmness, or location (for example, a
veterinarian can feel the stomach of a pregnant animal to
ensure good health and successful delivery).
• Physicians develop great skill in palpating problems below
the surface of the body, becoming able to detect things that
untrained persons would not.
5. • Palpation might be used either to determine painful
areas and to qualify pain felt by patients, or to locate
three-dimensional coordinates of anatomical landmarks
to quantify some aspects of the palpated subject.
• Palpation is typically used for thoracic and abdominal
examinations, but can also be used to diagnose edema.
• Palpation is also a simple method of examining the
pulse.
• It is used by veterinarians to check animals for
pregnancy, and by midwives to determine the position of
a fetus.
Uses Of Palpitations
6. 2] Percussion
• Percussion is a method of tapping on a surface to
determine the underlying structures, and is used in clinical
examinations to assess the condition of the thorax or
abdomen.
• It is done with the middle finger of one hand tapping on the
middle finger of the other hand using a wrist action.
• The nonstriking finger (known as the pleximeter) is placed
firmly on the body over tissue. When percussing bone
areas such as then clavicle, the pleximeter can be omitted
and the bone is tapped directly such as when percussing
an apical cavitary lung lesion typical of tuberculosis.
7. Types Of percussion:
• There are two types of percussion:
• 1] Direct - which uses only one or two fingers. 2] Indirect-
which uses only the middle/flexor finger.
• Broadly classifying, there are four types of percussion
sounds: resonant, hyper-resonant, stony dull or dull.
• A dull sound indicates the presence of a solid mass under
the surface.
• A more resonant sound indicates hollow, air-containing
structures.
8. 3] Auscultation
• Auscultation (based on the Latin verb auscultare "to
listen") is listening to the internal sounds of the body,
usually using a stethoscope.
• Auscultation is performed for the purposes of
examining the circulatory and respiratory systems
(heart and breath sounds), as well as the alimentary
canal.
9. Uses Of Auscultation
• Auscultation is a skill that requires substantial clinical
experience, a fine stethoscope and good listening
skills.
• Health professionals (doctors, nurses, etc.) listen to
three main organs and organ systems during
auscultation: the heart, the lungs, and the
gastrointestinal system.
• When auscultating the heart, doctors listen for
abnormal sounds, including heart murmurs, gallops,
and other extra sounds coinciding with heartbeats.
Heart rate is also noted.
10. 4] Laboratory Studies
• Laboratory tests check a sample of your blood, urine,
or body tissues.
• A technician or your doctor analyzes the test samples
to see if your results fall within the normal range.
• The tests use a range because what is normal differs
from person to person.
11. 5] Instrumental studies
• By the term Instrumental Examinations refers to all those
examinations that, in order to be performed, require the Physician
or competent health care personnel to use a specific medical
apparatus or instrument according to the analysis to be performed.
![Plan
• 1] Types of Examination
• 2] Palpation & It’s uses
• 3] Percussion & Its Types
• 4] Auscultation & It’s Uses
• 5] Laboratory Studies
• 6] Instrumental Studies & Examples
• 7] Reference](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)