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1. Assam Downtown University
Panikhaiti, Guwahati –
781026, Assam, India
2021
TOPIC ON ROUTE OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
Presented By
DIXHU RAJ DIXIT
M.Pharm Pharmacology 1st semester
Enrollment-ADTU/2021-23/MPS/007
Submitted To
Dr. Saikat Sen
Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Adtu

2.  Introduction
 Factors Goverming choice of Route
 Types of Route of Drug Administration
 Dosage forms
 Advantages and Disadvantages(Parentaral Route)
 Mechanism of Action
 Side effect
 Conclusion
Content

3. INTRODUCTION
 Route of Drug administration is defined as the path by
which drug is taken into the body for diagnosis,
prevention, cure or treatment of various disease or
disorder.
 Drugs may be Applied Locally or may be administered
orally and parenterally.
 Route of drug Administration is the medium in which
any drug is introduced into the body for its action.

4. Factors Goverming choice of Route
 Physical and Chemical properties of the drug (Solid/liquid/gas).
 Site of desired action.
 Rate and extent of absorption of the drug from different routes.
 Accuracy of dosage required.
 Condition of the patients.
 Drug metabolism (by passly I.V.)

5. Types of Route of Drug Administration

6. Parentaral route of drug
1.Systemic
1.1 Parentaral Route
Intradermal
 Subcutaneous(SC)
 Intramuscular(IM)
 Intravascular(IV)
 2.Non Injectable:
 Cutaneous
 Inhalation

7.  1.Injectable parentaral:
 1.1 Intradermal (I.D) :This is given into the layers of the skin,example:BCG vaccine.
 It is also Employed for testing drug sensitivity. Small quantity can be administered
by route and injection may be painful.
 1.2 Subcutaneous (S.C) :Only nonirritant substances can be injected by this route.
Common drug used by this route is insulin.
 Absorption by this route is unreliable in shock.S.c drug implants act as ‘deputy
therapy, eg-testosterone.
 1.3 Intramuscular (I.M) :Addition to soluble substances, mild irritants, suspension,
and coloids can be injected by this route.
 Rate of absorption is reasonably uniform and the onset of action is rapid. Rate of
absorption faster from deltoid and vastus lateralis than from the gluteus maximus.
 1.4 Intravenous (I.V) :Drugs given directly into a vein produce very rapid
action,desired blood concentration can be obtained rapidly with smaller dose.
 2.Non injectable parentaral:
 2.1 Cutaneous:It produces local effect and is used to treat superfacial skin conditions
such as eczema infections or dry skin. Drug is directly applied to the skin as
cream,ointment,lotion, solution power or gel.
 2.2 Inhalation:Drug administration by inhalation through the mouth must be
atomized into smaller droplets than thouse administration by the nasal route.

8. Major Routes of parentaral
Administration
 Absorption from subcutaneous and intramuscular
sites occur by simple diffusion along with gradient
from drug depot to plasama
 Area of the absorbing cappillary membranes.
 Solubility of the substance in the intersitial fluid.

9.  Local Route:It is used for localized lesions at accessible
sites for away whose systemic absorption from other site are
minimal or absent. The local routes are-
 Topical-Refers to the external application of are drugs to
the surface of localized. Drugs can be efficiently delivered
to the localized lesions on skin, nasal mucosa, eyes, ear,
canal, anal canal or vagina in the form of lotion cream,
powder, rinse paints, drops.
 Deeper tissue:Certain deep areas can be approached by
using syringe and needle, but drug should be such that
systemic absorption is slow.
 Arterial supply:Intra arterial injection for contrast media in
angiography.

11. Dosage Forms:

12. Advantages and Disadvantages
 Advantages:
 They can be employed in an unconscious or an
uncooperative.
 It is employed in case of vomiting and diarrhoea and in
patients unable to swallow.
 Rapid action and accuracy of dose are ensured.
 Disadvantages:
 Inconvenient for use, self-medication being difficult.
 More expensive.
 Likely to injure important structures such as nerve and
arteries.

13. Conclusion
The differences in routes of administration of different drugs, and
the regional differences in routes of use, have implications for the
provision of preventive and treatment services. The application of
external route of drugs administration is comparatively less than
the the internal route more works and researches are to be
conducted bringing out this effective methods of treatment.

14. Thank You