3. Three Stage Model
Stages of Service Consumption Key Concepts
Pre-purchase
Stage
Awareness of need
• Information search
• Clarify needs
• Explore solutions
• Identify alternative service products and suppliers
Evaluation of alternatives (solutions and suppliers)
• Review supplier information
(e.g. advertising, brochures, websites)
• Review information from third parties
(e.g. published reviews, ratings, comments on web, blogs,
complaints to public agencies, satisfaction ratings, awards)
• Discuss options with service personnel
• Get advice and feedback from third-party advisors and
other customers
Make decisions on service purchase and often make
reservations
Need arousal
Evoked set
Consideration set
Multi-attribute model
Search, experience, and credence attributes
Perceived risk
Formation of expectations: desired service level, predicted
service level, adequate service level, zone of tolerance
Service
Encounter
Stage
Request service from a chosen supplier or initiate self-
service (payment may be upfront or billed later)
Service delivery by personnel or self-service
Moments of truth
Service encounters
Servuction system
Theater as a metaphor
Role and script theories
Perceived control theory
Post-
encounter
Stage
Evaluation of service performance
Future intentions
Confirmation/ Disconfirmation of expectations
Dissatisfaction, satisfaction and delight
Service Quality
Word-of-mouth
Repurchase
Loyalty
3
5. The Flower Of Service
The Flower of Service: Core Product Surrounded by Clusters of
Supplementary Services
5
6. The Components of a Service Product
Core Product
• ‘What’ the customer is fundamentally buying
• The core product is the main component that supplies the
desired experience
Supplementary Services
• The core product is usually accompanied by a variety of other
service-related activities referred as supplementary services
• Supplementary services augment the core product, both
facilitating its use and enhancing its value
Delivery Processes
• The processes used to deliver both the core product and
each of the supplementary services
6
7. 7
Figure 5.2 The Flow Model of Service Distribution
Distribution In A Services Context