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la?kh; O;oLFkkfidk ¼ laln½
1
• O;oLFkkfidk ljdkj dk og vax gS tks dkuwu cukus dk
dk;Z djrh gSA
• dk;Zikfydk ljdkj dk og vax gS tks O;LFkkfidk }kjk
cuk;as x;s dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus dk dk;Z djrh gSA
• U;k;ikfydk ljdkj dk og vax gS tks lafo/kku dh O;k[;k]
laln }kjk cuk;s x;s dkuwuksa dh oS/kkfudrk dk fu.kZ; djus
dk dk;Z djrh gSA
2
ljdkj
dk;Zikfydk
U;k;ikfydkO;oLFkkfidk
3
la?kh; O;oLFkkfidk ¼laln ½
• lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 79 ds vuqlkj Hkkjrh; la?k ds fy, ,d
laln gksxh ftldk xBu jk’Vªifr o nks lnuksa ls feydj
gksxkA
• laln ds nks lnuks dk uke yksd lHkk ,oa jkT; lHkk gksxk
• jkT; lHkk laln dk mPPk lnu gS tks la?k dh bdkb;ksa
¼jkT;ksa ½ dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gS tcfd yksd&lHkk fuEu
lnu gS tks turk dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gSA
4
Lka?kh; laln dk laxBu ¼ vuqPNsn&79 ½
laln
jk’Vªifr
jkT;
lHkk
Ykksd
lHkk
5
Lakln dh lajpuk
jkT; lHkk ¼ mPp lnu½
 vf/kdre lnL; la[;k&250
fuokZfpr lnL; la[;k & 238
euksuhr lnL; la[;k &12
orZeku es lnL; la[;k &245
yksd lHkk ¼ fuEu lnu½
 vf/kdre lnL; la[;k & 552
jkT;ksa ls fuokZfpr lnL; &530
dsUnz”kkflr {ks=ksa ls fuokZfpr &20
jk’Vªifr }kjk euksuhr lnL; &02
orZeku es lnL; la[;k
&545¼530$13$2½
6
laln
Ykksd LkHkkjkT; lHkk
7
 ;g laln dk mPp lnu gSA
 blds lnL;ksa dh vf/kdre lnL; la[;k& 250 gSA
 buesa 12 lnL; jk’Vªifr }kjk euksuhr fd;s tkrs gSA
 “ks’k lnL; turk }kjk vizR;{k :Ik ls fuokZfpr fd;s tkrs gSA
 jk’Vªªifr ,sls yksxksa dks euksuhr djrk gS tks dyk] lkfgR;] foKku] lekt lsok ds {ks= esa
fo”ks’k Kku vkSj vUkqHko izkIr gksA
 jkT; lHkk ds lnL;ksa dk fuokZpu ,dy ladze.kh; er rFkk vkuqikfrd izfrfuf/kRo dh i)fr
ds vuqlkj jkT;ksa dh fo/kku lHkkvksa ds fuokZfpr lnL;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
jkT; lHkk
8
jkT; lHkk dh lnL;rk ds fy, ;ksX;rk,a
og Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksA
mldh vk;q 30 o’kZ ;k mlls vf/kd gksA
og fdlh ykHk ds in ij ugha gksA
og fnokyh;k ;k ikxy ugh gksA
og ,slh vU; ;ksX;rk,a j[krk gks tks le;≤ ij laln ds fdlh dkuwu }kjk
vf/kjksfir gksA
uksV& vuqPNsn 102 ds vuqlkj la?k o jkT;ksa ds eU=h in ykHk ds in ugha ekus tkrs
gSA ;ksX;rk dks ysdj gksus okys fookn dk lek/kku jk’Vªifr }kjk pquko vk;ksx dh jk;
ysdj fd;k tkrk gSA
9
dk;Zdky ,oa inkf/kdkjh
jkT; lHkk ,d LFkk;h lnu gS ftldk dHkh fo?kVu ugha gksrk gSA
jkT; lHkk ds lnL;ksa dk dk;Zdky 6 o’kZ dk gksrk gSA
blds 1@3 lnL; izfr nks o’kZ Ik”pkr lsokfuo`r gksrs gS( muds LFkku ij u;s
lnL; fuokZfpr gksrs gSA
Lakfo/kku ds vuqPNsn 89¼1½ ds vuqlkj mi&jk’Vªifr jkT; lHkk dk insu
lHkkifr gksrk gSA
og vius esa ls fdlh ,d lnL; dks milHkkifr fuokZfpr djrh gSA
jkT; lHkk dh x.kiwfrZ vius lnL;ksa dh la[;k dk 1@10 Hkkx gSA
10
• Ykskd lHkk Hkkjrh; O;oLFkkfidk dk yksdfiz; @ fuEu lnu gSA
• Ykskd lHkk ds lnL;ksa dk pquko turk }kjk izR;{k :Ik ls O;Ld erkf/kdkj ds vk/kkj
ij fd;k tkrk gSA
• Ykksd LkHkk dk dk;Zdky 5 o’kZ dk gSA iz/kkuea=h ds ijke”kZ ij jk’Vªifr bls le;
ls igys Hkax dj ldrk gSSA
• Ykksd lHkk dh lnL;rk ds fy, mEehnokj dh U;wure vk;q 25 o’kZ ;k blls vf/kd
gksuh pkfg,A vU; ;ksX;rk,a ogh gS tks jkT; lHkk ds lnL; gksus ds fy, vko”;d
gSA
• vuqPNsn 93 ds vuqlkj ykssd lHkk Lo;a vius lnL;ksa esa ls gh ,d v/;{k ,oa
mik/;{k dk fuokZpu djrh gSA
Ykksd LkHkk
11
Ykksd lHkk dh lnL;rk ds fy, ;ksX;rk,a
og Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksA
mldh vk;q 25 o’kZ ;k mlls vf/kd gksA
og fdlh ykHk ds in ij ugha gksA
og fnokyh;k ;k ikxy ugh gksA
og ,slh vU; ;ksX;rk,a j[krk gks tks le;≤ ij laln ds fdlh dkuwu
}kjk vf/kjksfir gksA
uksV& vuqPNsn 102 ds vuqlkj la?k o jkT;ksa ds eU=h in ykHk ds in ugha ekus
tkrs gSA ;ksX;rk dks ysdj gksus okys fookn dk lek/kku jk’Vªifr }kjk pquko
vk;ksx dh jk; ysdj fd;k tkrk gSA
12
jkT; lHkk ,oa yksd lHkk ds dk;Z ,oa “kfDr;ka dk rqyukRed
v/;;u
fo/kk;h “kfDr;ka &
• xSj /ku fo/ks;d ij jkT; lHkk ,oa yksd lHkk dks leku “kfD;ka izkIr gSA
• fo/ks;d nksuksa esa ls fdlh Hkh lnu esa is”k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
• nksuksa lnuksa esa ikfjr gkssus ds ckn gh jk’Vªªifr ds ikl gLrk{kj ds fy, tkrk gSA
• ijUrq O;ogkj esa lkekU;r egRoiw.kZ fo/ks;d yksd lHkk esa gh igys is”k fd;s tkrs gSA
• fo/ks;d ij fookn dh fLFkfr esa nksuksa lnuksa dh la;qDr cSBd esa fu.kZ; gksrk gSA
• la;qDr cSBd esa fu.kZ; cgqer ds vk/kkj ij fy;k tkrk gSA
13
lafo/kku la”kks/ku dh “kfDr %&
• nksuksa lnuksa dks lafo/kku eas la”kks/ku dh leku “kfDr;ka izkIr gSA
• nksuksa }kjk vyx&vyx vius dqy cgqer ,oa mifLFkr ,oa ernku
esa Hkkx ysus okys lnL;ksa ds 2@3 cgqer ls ikfjr gksuk vko”;d
gSA
• nksuksa lnuksa esa erHksn dh fLFkfr esa la;qDr cSBd cqykus dk izko/kku
ugha gSA
• vr% vlgefr dh fLFkfr esa la”kks/ku fo/ks;d Lor% fujLr ekuk
tkrk gSA
14
forh; “kfDr;ka
• forh; fo/ks;d ij jkT; lHkk dh fLFkfr yksd lHkk dh rqyuk esa
detksj gSA
• /ku fo/kss;d loZizFke yksd lHkk esa gh izLrkfor fd;k tk ldrk
gSA
• Ykksd LkHkk }kjk ikfjr gksus ds ckn jkT; lHkk dks Hkstk tkrk gSA
• jkT; lHkk dks 14 fnol ds vUnj ml ij fu.kZ; djuk gksrk gSA
• jkT; lHkk vius lq>ko ns ldrh gS ijUrq yksd lHkk dh bPNkk
ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd mu la”kks/kuksa dks Lohdkj djs ;k u djsA
15
• dk;Zikfydk laca/kh “kfDr;ka
• dk;Zikfydk ds laca/k esa jkT;lHkk dh “kfDr;ka yksdlHkk dh rqyuk esa
dkQh de gSA
• lalnh; “kklu ds vuq:Ik Hkkjr esa dk;Zikfydk yksdlHkk ds izfr
mrjnk;h gSA
• yksdlHkk efU=;ksa ls iz”u] iwjd iz”u iwNdj ] dkejksdks izLrko] fuUnk
izLrko o vfo”okl izLrko ds ek/;e ls dk;Zikfydk ij fu;a=.k j[kus
dk dk;Z djrh gSA
• jkT;lHkk ds lnL; dk;Zikfydk lnL;ksa ls iz”u ;k iwjd iz”u iwN
ldrs gS] ljdkj dh vkykspuk dj ldrs gS ijUrq vfo”okl izLrko
ikjfr djds efU=e.My dks gVkus dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA
16
vuU; “kfDr;ka
• jkT;lHkk dks nks ,sls vUkU; vf/kdkj izkIr gS tks yksdlHkk dks
izkIr ugha gSA
& vuqPNsn 249 ds vuqlkj jkT; lHkk jkT; lwph ds fdlh fo’k;
dks jk’Vªªh; egRo dk ?kksf’kr dj ldrh gSA
& vuqPNsn 312 ds vUrxZr jkT; lHkk u;h vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsok,a
LFkkfir djus dk vf/kdkj dsUnzh; ljdkj dks ns ldrh
17
fofo/k “kfDr;ka
• jkT;lHkk o yksd lHkk nksuksa lkFk feydj mijk’Vªifr ds fuokZpu esa Hkkx ysrs
gSA
• jk’Vªifr ds fuokZpu esa yksdlHkk ,oa jkT; lHkk ds fuokZfpr lnL; Hkkx ysrs
gSA
• jkT; lHkk yksd lHkk ds lkFk feydj jk’Vªifr] loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;k/kh”kksa
o vU; egRiw.kZ inkf/kdkfj;ksa ij egkfHk;ksx yxkuas dk dk;Z djrh gSA ,d
lnu vfHk;ksx yxkrk gS vkSj nwljk lnu mldh tkWp djrk gSA
• mijk’Vªifr dks in ls gVkus dk izLrko jkT; lHkk ls ikfjr gksus ds ckn gh
yksd lHkk esa yk;k tkrk gSA
18
fu’d’kZ&
• jkT; lHkk ,oa yksd lHkk dh “kfDr;ksa ds rqyukRed v/;;u ls Li’V
gS fd jkT; lHkk dh rqyuk eas yksdlHkk dks T;knk “kfDr;ka izkIr gSA
• ,slk gksuk LokHkkfod gS D;ksafd lalnh; O;oLFkk esa yksdfiz; lnu dks
gh fu.kZk;d “kfDr;ka izkIr gksrh gSA
• Hkkjr ds lafo/kku fuekZrk jkT; lHkk dks yksd lHkk ds lgk;d ,oa
lg;ksxh lnu ds :Ik esa LFkkfir djuk pkgrs FksA
19
/kU;okn
20

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Parliament in india

  • 2. • O;oLFkkfidk ljdkj dk og vax gS tks dkuwu cukus dk dk;Z djrh gSA • dk;Zikfydk ljdkj dk og vax gS tks O;LFkkfidk }kjk cuk;as x;s dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus dk dk;Z djrh gSA • U;k;ikfydk ljdkj dk og vax gS tks lafo/kku dh O;k[;k] laln }kjk cuk;s x;s dkuwuksa dh oS/kkfudrk dk fu.kZ; djus dk dk;Z djrh gSA 2
  • 4. la?kh; O;oLFkkfidk ¼laln ½ • lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 79 ds vuqlkj Hkkjrh; la?k ds fy, ,d laln gksxh ftldk xBu jk’Vªifr o nks lnuksa ls feydj gksxkA • laln ds nks lnuks dk uke yksd lHkk ,oa jkT; lHkk gksxk • jkT; lHkk laln dk mPPk lnu gS tks la?k dh bdkb;ksa ¼jkT;ksa ½ dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gS tcfd yksd&lHkk fuEu lnu gS tks turk dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gSA 4
  • 5. Lka?kh; laln dk laxBu ¼ vuqPNsn&79 ½ laln jk’Vªifr jkT; lHkk Ykksd lHkk 5
  • 6. Lakln dh lajpuk jkT; lHkk ¼ mPp lnu½  vf/kdre lnL; la[;k&250 fuokZfpr lnL; la[;k & 238 euksuhr lnL; la[;k &12 orZeku es lnL; la[;k &245 yksd lHkk ¼ fuEu lnu½  vf/kdre lnL; la[;k & 552 jkT;ksa ls fuokZfpr lnL; &530 dsUnz”kkflr {ks=ksa ls fuokZfpr &20 jk’Vªifr }kjk euksuhr lnL; &02 orZeku es lnL; la[;k &545¼530$13$2½ 6
  • 8.  ;g laln dk mPp lnu gSA  blds lnL;ksa dh vf/kdre lnL; la[;k& 250 gSA  buesa 12 lnL; jk’Vªifr }kjk euksuhr fd;s tkrs gSA  “ks’k lnL; turk }kjk vizR;{k :Ik ls fuokZfpr fd;s tkrs gSA  jk’Vªªifr ,sls yksxksa dks euksuhr djrk gS tks dyk] lkfgR;] foKku] lekt lsok ds {ks= esa fo”ks’k Kku vkSj vUkqHko izkIr gksA  jkT; lHkk ds lnL;ksa dk fuokZpu ,dy ladze.kh; er rFkk vkuqikfrd izfrfuf/kRo dh i)fr ds vuqlkj jkT;ksa dh fo/kku lHkkvksa ds fuokZfpr lnL;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA jkT; lHkk 8
  • 9. jkT; lHkk dh lnL;rk ds fy, ;ksX;rk,a og Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksA mldh vk;q 30 o’kZ ;k mlls vf/kd gksA og fdlh ykHk ds in ij ugha gksA og fnokyh;k ;k ikxy ugh gksA og ,slh vU; ;ksX;rk,a j[krk gks tks le;≤ ij laln ds fdlh dkuwu }kjk vf/kjksfir gksA uksV& vuqPNsn 102 ds vuqlkj la?k o jkT;ksa ds eU=h in ykHk ds in ugha ekus tkrs gSA ;ksX;rk dks ysdj gksus okys fookn dk lek/kku jk’Vªifr }kjk pquko vk;ksx dh jk; ysdj fd;k tkrk gSA 9
  • 10. dk;Zdky ,oa inkf/kdkjh jkT; lHkk ,d LFkk;h lnu gS ftldk dHkh fo?kVu ugha gksrk gSA jkT; lHkk ds lnL;ksa dk dk;Zdky 6 o’kZ dk gksrk gSA blds 1@3 lnL; izfr nks o’kZ Ik”pkr lsokfuo`r gksrs gS( muds LFkku ij u;s lnL; fuokZfpr gksrs gSA Lakfo/kku ds vuqPNsn 89¼1½ ds vuqlkj mi&jk’Vªifr jkT; lHkk dk insu lHkkifr gksrk gSA og vius esa ls fdlh ,d lnL; dks milHkkifr fuokZfpr djrh gSA jkT; lHkk dh x.kiwfrZ vius lnL;ksa dh la[;k dk 1@10 Hkkx gSA 10
  • 11. • Ykskd lHkk Hkkjrh; O;oLFkkfidk dk yksdfiz; @ fuEu lnu gSA • Ykskd lHkk ds lnL;ksa dk pquko turk }kjk izR;{k :Ik ls O;Ld erkf/kdkj ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA • Ykksd LkHkk dk dk;Zdky 5 o’kZ dk gSA iz/kkuea=h ds ijke”kZ ij jk’Vªifr bls le; ls igys Hkax dj ldrk gSSA • Ykksd lHkk dh lnL;rk ds fy, mEehnokj dh U;wure vk;q 25 o’kZ ;k blls vf/kd gksuh pkfg,A vU; ;ksX;rk,a ogh gS tks jkT; lHkk ds lnL; gksus ds fy, vko”;d gSA • vuqPNsn 93 ds vuqlkj ykssd lHkk Lo;a vius lnL;ksa esa ls gh ,d v/;{k ,oa mik/;{k dk fuokZpu djrh gSA Ykksd LkHkk 11
  • 12. Ykksd lHkk dh lnL;rk ds fy, ;ksX;rk,a og Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksA mldh vk;q 25 o’kZ ;k mlls vf/kd gksA og fdlh ykHk ds in ij ugha gksA og fnokyh;k ;k ikxy ugh gksA og ,slh vU; ;ksX;rk,a j[krk gks tks le;≤ ij laln ds fdlh dkuwu }kjk vf/kjksfir gksA uksV& vuqPNsn 102 ds vuqlkj la?k o jkT;ksa ds eU=h in ykHk ds in ugha ekus tkrs gSA ;ksX;rk dks ysdj gksus okys fookn dk lek/kku jk’Vªifr }kjk pquko vk;ksx dh jk; ysdj fd;k tkrk gSA 12
  • 13. jkT; lHkk ,oa yksd lHkk ds dk;Z ,oa “kfDr;ka dk rqyukRed v/;;u fo/kk;h “kfDr;ka & • xSj /ku fo/ks;d ij jkT; lHkk ,oa yksd lHkk dks leku “kfD;ka izkIr gSA • fo/ks;d nksuksa esa ls fdlh Hkh lnu esa is”k fd;k tk ldrk gSA • nksuksa lnuksa esa ikfjr gkssus ds ckn gh jk’Vªªifr ds ikl gLrk{kj ds fy, tkrk gSA • ijUrq O;ogkj esa lkekU;r egRoiw.kZ fo/ks;d yksd lHkk esa gh igys is”k fd;s tkrs gSA • fo/ks;d ij fookn dh fLFkfr esa nksuksa lnuksa dh la;qDr cSBd esa fu.kZ; gksrk gSA • la;qDr cSBd esa fu.kZ; cgqer ds vk/kkj ij fy;k tkrk gSA 13
  • 14. lafo/kku la”kks/ku dh “kfDr %& • nksuksa lnuksa dks lafo/kku eas la”kks/ku dh leku “kfDr;ka izkIr gSA • nksuksa }kjk vyx&vyx vius dqy cgqer ,oa mifLFkr ,oa ernku esa Hkkx ysus okys lnL;ksa ds 2@3 cgqer ls ikfjr gksuk vko”;d gSA • nksuksa lnuksa esa erHksn dh fLFkfr esa la;qDr cSBd cqykus dk izko/kku ugha gSA • vr% vlgefr dh fLFkfr esa la”kks/ku fo/ks;d Lor% fujLr ekuk tkrk gSA 14
  • 15. forh; “kfDr;ka • forh; fo/ks;d ij jkT; lHkk dh fLFkfr yksd lHkk dh rqyuk esa detksj gSA • /ku fo/kss;d loZizFke yksd lHkk esa gh izLrkfor fd;k tk ldrk gSA • Ykksd LkHkk }kjk ikfjr gksus ds ckn jkT; lHkk dks Hkstk tkrk gSA • jkT; lHkk dks 14 fnol ds vUnj ml ij fu.kZ; djuk gksrk gSA • jkT; lHkk vius lq>ko ns ldrh gS ijUrq yksd lHkk dh bPNkk ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd mu la”kks/kuksa dks Lohdkj djs ;k u djsA 15
  • 16. • dk;Zikfydk laca/kh “kfDr;ka • dk;Zikfydk ds laca/k esa jkT;lHkk dh “kfDr;ka yksdlHkk dh rqyuk esa dkQh de gSA • lalnh; “kklu ds vuq:Ik Hkkjr esa dk;Zikfydk yksdlHkk ds izfr mrjnk;h gSA • yksdlHkk efU=;ksa ls iz”u] iwjd iz”u iwNdj ] dkejksdks izLrko] fuUnk izLrko o vfo”okl izLrko ds ek/;e ls dk;Zikfydk ij fu;a=.k j[kus dk dk;Z djrh gSA • jkT;lHkk ds lnL; dk;Zikfydk lnL;ksa ls iz”u ;k iwjd iz”u iwN ldrs gS] ljdkj dh vkykspuk dj ldrs gS ijUrq vfo”okl izLrko ikjfr djds efU=e.My dks gVkus dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA 16
  • 17. vuU; “kfDr;ka • jkT;lHkk dks nks ,sls vUkU; vf/kdkj izkIr gS tks yksdlHkk dks izkIr ugha gSA & vuqPNsn 249 ds vuqlkj jkT; lHkk jkT; lwph ds fdlh fo’k; dks jk’Vªªh; egRo dk ?kksf’kr dj ldrh gSA & vuqPNsn 312 ds vUrxZr jkT; lHkk u;h vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsok,a LFkkfir djus dk vf/kdkj dsUnzh; ljdkj dks ns ldrh 17
  • 18. fofo/k “kfDr;ka • jkT;lHkk o yksd lHkk nksuksa lkFk feydj mijk’Vªifr ds fuokZpu esa Hkkx ysrs gSA • jk’Vªifr ds fuokZpu esa yksdlHkk ,oa jkT; lHkk ds fuokZfpr lnL; Hkkx ysrs gSA • jkT; lHkk yksd lHkk ds lkFk feydj jk’Vªifr] loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;k/kh”kksa o vU; egRiw.kZ inkf/kdkfj;ksa ij egkfHk;ksx yxkuas dk dk;Z djrh gSA ,d lnu vfHk;ksx yxkrk gS vkSj nwljk lnu mldh tkWp djrk gSA • mijk’Vªifr dks in ls gVkus dk izLrko jkT; lHkk ls ikfjr gksus ds ckn gh yksd lHkk esa yk;k tkrk gSA 18
  • 19. fu’d’kZ& • jkT; lHkk ,oa yksd lHkk dh “kfDr;ksa ds rqyukRed v/;;u ls Li’V gS fd jkT; lHkk dh rqyuk eas yksdlHkk dks T;knk “kfDr;ka izkIr gSA • ,slk gksuk LokHkkfod gS D;ksafd lalnh; O;oLFkk esa yksdfiz; lnu dks gh fu.kZk;d “kfDr;ka izkIr gksrh gSA • Hkkjr ds lafo/kku fuekZrk jkT; lHkk dks yksd lHkk ds lgk;d ,oa lg;ksxh lnu ds :Ik esa LFkkfir djuk pkgrs FksA 19