This ppt is all about the test by which we can detect covid virus , RT-PCR, Rapid antigen test,CT Chest all 3 test are properly mentioned .
The importance of Ct in covid and how to check the level of severity by CORAD .
This also involves comparision between CT and RT-PCCR in case of Covid.
2. CONTENT
COVID-19
DETECTION OF COVID-19
RAPID ANTIBODY TEST
RT-PCR TEST
CT CHEST SCAN
CT PROTOCOLS FOR COVID PATIENT
CO-RAD
CONCLUSION
3. COVID-19
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-
CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ), a strain of
coronavirus.
The first cases were seen in Wuhan ,CHINA in December 2019.
Spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose .
4. DETECTION OF COVID-19
RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction)
RAPID ANTIBODY TEST
CHEST CT SCAN
5. RT-PCR
A PCR is performed to detect genetic material from a specific organism such as a
virus .
3 key steps to COVID-19 test
SAMPLE COLLECTION
EXTRACTION
PCR (THERMAL CYCLER)
7. CT CHEST SCAN
CT scanning is a fast, painless, noninvasive and accurate radiological examination.
Computed tomography (CT) of the chest is a cross-sectional evaluation of the
heart, airways, lungs, mediastinum, and associated bones and soft tissues.
8. Continue
HRCT (High-resolution computed tomography) is the most preferred
method for COVID-19 cases.
NCCT (non-enhanced computed tomography ) for severe patients .
CECT (contrast enhanced computed tomography) in case if there is
complain of pulmonary hypertension.
EVALUATION CRITERIA- (1) Site of lung involvement
(2) Universally agreed CT findings with COVID-19 including
ground-glass opacities (GGO) with or without consolidative changes in
addition to special signs such as “Atoll sign” and “Crazy paving
pattern”
[3] Manifestations of bronchial or pleural involvement.
9. CT PROTOCOLS FOR COVID-19
Low-radiation-dose CT images by using lower kilovoltage settings
Helical mode volumetric HRCT with 100-120 kVp and 80-200 Ma
For CT examinations at risk for motion artifact, lowering the rotation time of the tube
detector system with high pitch and wide collimation values may be considered .
1 mm slice thickness, 1 mm detector collimation, 0.6-0.9 s tube rotation.
CT images should be acquired during a single inspiratory breath hold. Expiratory phase
CT increases radiation dose.
Multi-planner reconstruction (MPR) for image analysis. Post-processing maximum
intensity projection (MIP) and minimum intensity projection (Min-IP) reconstructions
used.
AI learning–based reconstructions for noise reduction, and spectral shaping of the x-ray
beam to reduce the low-energy component of the x-ray spectrum.
10. CO-RAD
COVID-19 Reporting and Data System
In early March 2020, the Dutch Radiological Society
initiated a COVID-19 network to facilitate
development and nationwide dissemination of
COVID-19–related information and tools.
A COVID-19 standardized reporting working group
was formed.
11.
12. CO-RADS Category 0
If scans are incomplete or of insufficient quality,
for example because of severe artifacts due to
coughing or breathing.
13. CO-RADS Category 1
CO-RADS category 1 implies a very low level of
suspicion for pulmonary involvement by COVID-19
based on normal CT results.
It refers to normal findings.
Mild or severe emphysema, perifissural nodules,
lung tumors, and fibrosis are classified as CO-RADS
category 1 findings.
15. CO-RADS Category 2
CO-RADS category 2 implies a low level of
suspicion for pulmonary involvement by COVID-19
based on CT findings.
Involves lung infectious origin that are considered
not compatible with COVID-19.
Examples are bronchitis, infectious bronchiolitis,
bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, and
pulmonary abscess. lobar or segmental
consolidation, and lung cavitation.
19. CO-RADS Category 3
CO-RADS category 3 implies equivocal findings for
pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 based on CT
features.
Findings include perihilar ground-glass opacity,
homogenous extensive ground-glass opacity or
ground-glass opacity together with smooth
interlobular septal thickening with or without pleural
effusion in the absence of other typical CT findings.
22. CO-RADS Category 4
CO-RADS category 4 implies a high level of
suspicion for pulmonary involvement by COVID-19
based on CT findings.
Show some overlap with other (viral) pneumonias
24. CO-RADS Category 5
CO-RADS category 5 implies a very high level of
suspicion for pulmonary involvement by COVID-19
based on typical CT findings.
Features are ground-glass opacities with or without
consolidations in lung regions close to visceral
pleural surfaces, including the fissures, and a
multifocal bilateral distribution.
30. Stages of COVID-19 at chest CT
(A) Early stage (0–5 days after symptom onset), which is
characterized by either normal findings or mainly ground-glass
opacities.
(B) Progressive stage (5–8 days after symptom onset), which is
characterized by increased ground-glass opacities and crazy-
paving appearance .
(C) Peak stage (9–13 days after symptom onset), which is
characterized by progressive consolidation .
(D) Late stage (≥14 days after symptom onset), which is
characterized by a gradual decrease of consolidation and
ground-glass opacities, while signs of fibrosis .
33. CONCLUSION
Performing CT in patients with suspected or proven COVID-19
requires comprehensive precautionary safety measures.
Low-radiation-dose chest CT is recommended unless CT pulmonary
angiography is required to evaluate for Pulmonary embolism.
Chest CT shows (ground-glass opacities, vascular enlargement,
bilateral abnormalities, lower lobe involvement, and posterior
predilection), this may help in diagnostic decision making.
Chest CT should not be used as an independent diagnostic tool to
exclude or confirm COVID-19. RT-PCR test results are the standard
for diagnosis and key component in clinical decision making.
Best to know the severity and lung area affected by the virus.