2. Tests use for immune system
There are many tests that are based on examining the health of the
immune system
,which help us a lot in our lives to diagnose diseases of the immune
system, and among these tests
3. Blood tests.
•
Blood tests can determine if you have typical levels of infection-
fighting proteins (immunoglobulins) in your blood and measure the
levels of blood cells and immune system cells. Having numbers of
certain cells in your blood that are outside of the standard range can
indicate an immune system defect.
•
Blood tests can also determine if your immune system is
responding properly and producing proteins that identify and kill
foreign invaders such as bacteria or viruses (antibodies).
4. Prenatal testing
•
Parents who have a child with a primary immunodeficiency disorder
might want to be tested for certain immunodeficiency disorders
during future pregnancies. Samples of the amniotic fluid, blood or
cells from the tissue that will become the placenta (chorion) are
tested for problems.
•
In some cases, DNA testing is done to check for a genetic defect.
Test results make it possible to prepare for treatment soon after
birth, if necessary.
5. Treatment
immunodeficiency
•
Treatments for primary immunodeficiency involve preventing and
treating infections, boosting the immune system, and treating th
underlying cause of the immune problem. In some cases, primary
immune disorders are linked to a serious illness, such as an
•
autoimmune disorder or cancer, which also needs to be treated
6. Managing infections
•
Treating infections. Infections require rapid and aggressive
treatment with antibiotics. Treatment might require a longer course
of antibiotics than is usually prescribed. Infections that don't
respond may require hospitalization and intravenous (IV)
antibiotics.
7. Preventing infections.
•
Some people need long-term antibiotics to prevent respiratory
infections and permanent damage to the lungs and ears. Children
with primary immunodeficiency might not be able to have vaccines
containing live viruses, such as oral polio and measles-mumps-
rubella.
8. Immunoglobulin therapy
Immunoglobulin consists of antibody proteins needed for the immune system to fight
infections. It can either be injected into a vein through an IV line or inserted underneath
the skin
na ,skeew wef yreve dedeen si tnemtaert VI .)noisufni suoenatucbus(
d subcutaneous infusion is needed once or twice a week
9. Treatment to reinstitute the immune system
•
Stem cell transplantation. Stem cell transplantation offers a
permanent cure for several forms of life-threatening
immunodeficiency. Normal stem cells are transferred to the person
with immunodeficiency, which results in a typically functioning
immune system. Stem cells can be harvested through bone marrow,
or they can be obtained from a placenta at birth (cord blood
banking)
10. Stem cell transplantation
•
The stem cell donor — usually a parent or other close relative
•
— must have body tissues that are a close biological match to those
•
of the person with primary immunodeficiency. Even with a good
•
match, however, stem cell transplants don't always work
11. Gene therapy
•
his type of treatment involves taking stem cells from the person with
•
primary immunodeficiency, correcting the gene in the cells and then
returning the corrected stem cells back to the person via an
intravenous infusion. With gene therapy, there is no need to find a
suitable donor, as the person's own cells are used. Currently, this
treatment is used to treat only a few primary immunodeficiencies,
but clinical trials are underway for many other types.
12. Gene therapy.2
•
Depending on the type of disorder, treatment may involve other
•
therapies, including enzyme replacement therapy or transplantation
•
of the thymus, an organ located behind the breastbone (sternum)
•
that produces T cells.
