The document discusses the history and development of touch screen technology. It describes the first touch phone created by Apple in 1983 and the first touch screen mobile phone by Nokia. The four main types of touch screen technologies are resistive, surface acoustic wave, capacitive, and infrared. Each technology is explained and their advantages and disadvantages are provided. A comparison chart summarizes the key aspects of each technology. The document concludes that while touch screens have some limitations, the technology has been widely accepted and will likely replace mice and keyboards in the future.
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• History & Development
• First Touch Phone
• First Touch Mobile
• Types of Touch Technologies
• Resistive
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Resistive
• Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)
• Advantages & Disadvantages of SAW
• Capacitive
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Capacitive
• Infrared
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Infrared
• Touch Screen Technology Comparison Chart
• Closing Thoughts
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3. Introduction
A touch screen is an electronic
visual display that can detect
the presence and location of a
touch within the display area.
Touch screens can sense Finger
and other passive objects, such
as a stylus. However, if the
object sensed is active, as with
a light pen.
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4. History & Development
• In 1971 Dr. Sam Hurst,
founder of Elographics
developed the first touch
opaque sensor “Elograph” at
the University of Kentucky.
• In 1974 He developed the first
real touch screen.
• In 1977, Elographics
developed a curved glass
sensor called the touch screen.
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5. First Touch Phone
Apple was the first with
a touch screen phone in 1983.
Jason Ford of Elo Touch
Systems, the company whose
founder invented touch screen
technology, for providing the
touch technology. In 1971, the
first "touch sensor" was
developed by Doctor Sam
Hurst.
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6. First Touch Mobile
The Nokia 7710 is a first touch
screen mobile phone model
produced by Nokia. The 7710 is
based on the Nokia 7700 which
was never released. It is Nokia's
first, and so far only smart phone
to run the Series 90 GUI a top
the Symbian OS.
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7. Types of Touch Technologies
There are mainly 4 types of touch Technologies:-
1.Resistive
2. Surface acoustic wave
3. Capacitive
4. Infrared
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8. Resistive
A resistive touch screen panel is
composed of several layers, the most
important of which are two thin,
metallic,electricallyconductive layes
separated by a narrow gap.It is used
inGrocery Stores,Hotels,Restaurants
and Retail Stores.
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9. Advantages & Disadvantages of Resistive
• Advantages
– Cost-effective solution
– Very accurate
– Low power requirements
– Liquids won't effect touch screen performance
• Disadvantages
– Polyester surface can be damaged
– Lower endurance (35 million touches)
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10. Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)
Surface Acoustic Wave technology
uses ultrasonic waves that pass
over the touch screen panel. When
the panel is touched, a portion of
the wave is absorbed . SAW touch
screen technology is suggested for
use in ATMs, Amusement Parks,
Gaming Environments, Industrial
Control Rooms etc.
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11. Advantages & Disadvantages of SAW
• Advantages
– Durable glass construction
– High optical clarity
• Disadvantages
– Moving liquids or condensation can cause false touches
– Doesn't support drag or draw effectively
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12. Capacitive
A capacitive touch screen panel
consists of an insulator such
as glass, coated with a transparent
conductor such as indium tin
oxide (ITO), As the human body
is also a conductor.Electrostatic
capacitive touchscreens are used
in numerous smartphones such as
Apple iPads and iPhones.
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13. Advantages & Disadvantages of
Capacitive
• Advantages
– Scratch resistant, durable surface
– High endurance (225 million touches)
– Very accurate
– Good optical clarity
• Disadvantages
– Does not work with gloved fingers or stylus
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14. Infrared
An infrared touch screen uses
anarray of X-Y infrared LED and
photo detector pairs around the
edges of the screen to detect a
disruption in the pattern of LED
beams.Infrared bezels have
proven to be a very reliable
technology. Its used for
ATMs,Medical Instrumentation
and Transportation Tracking
applications.
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15. Advantages & Disadvantages of Infrared
Touch Screen
• Advantages
-Highest quality of underlying image
-Very high transmittance
-Can be activated with almost any device
-Higher accuracy than other technologies
-Very high durability and reliability
• Disadvantages
-It is very sensitive and can be activated by stray touches.
-Low resolution
-Parallax problems
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16. Touch Screen Technology Comparison Chart
Resistive Infrared SAW Capacitive
Touch
Resolution
High High Average High
Clarity Average Good Good Good
Operation Finger or Stylus Finger or Stylus Finger or Soft-
tipped Stylus
Finger only
Durability Can be
Damaged by
Sharp Objects
Highly Durable Susceptible to
Dirt and
Moisture
Highly durable
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17. CLOSING THOUGHTS
Though the touch screen
technology contains some
limitations it’s very user
friendly, fast, accurate, easy
for the novices & fun to
operate. It has been widely
accepted. And now by just
modifying a little it can
replace the mouse and key
board completely in near
future.
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