3. An ATS route is defined by route specifications which include
an ATS route designator, the track to or from significant points (waypoints), distance
between significant points, reporting requirements and, as determined by the
appropriate ATS authority, the lowest safe altitude. (ICAO Annex 11 - Air Traffic
Services)
The ATS route designator shall consist of
o One prefix (optional)
o One letter
o A number
o One additional letter (optional)
The number of characters shall not exceed 6 characters but whenever possible, should be kept
to a maximum of 5 characters.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14. A danger area is an airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may
exist at specified times. (ICAO Annex 11: Air Traffic Services)
Most danger areas are operated by military authorities. The vertical and lateral dimensions of danger areas are publicized in
national Aeronautical Information Publications (AIPs) together with the hours of operation where applicable.
A restricted area is an airspace of defined dimensions above the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within which the
flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with specific conditions. (ICAO Annex 2: Rules of the Air). The vertical and lateral
dimensions of restricted areas are publicized in national Aeronautical Information Publications (AIPs) together with the hours of
operation where applicable.
A prohibited area is an airspace of defined dimensions, above the land area or territorial waters of a state, within which the
flight of aircraft is prohibited. (ICAO Annex 2: Rules of the Air)
The vertical and lateral dimensions of prohibited areas are publicized in national Aeronautical Information Publications
(AIPs) together with the hours of operation where applicable.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28. Bearing is the angle in degrees (clockwise)
between North and the direction to the
destination or nav aid.
Relative bearing is the angle in degrees
(clockwise) between the heading of the aircraft
and the destination or nav aid.
29. PANS-OPS Doc 8400 is the document containing the pertinent Q-codes.
•QDM - Magnetic heading
•QDR - Magnetic bearing
•QFE - Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation (or at runway threshold)
•QFU - Magnetic orientation of runway
•QNH - Altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain elevation when on ground
•QTE - True bearing
